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Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Drone Mobility in 5G and Beyond Ultra-Dense Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3807-3823页

作者： jawad Tanveer Amir Haider Rashid ali Ajung Kim School of Optical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea

Drone applications in 5th generation(5G)networks mainly focus on services and use cases such as providing connectivity during crowded events,human-instigated disasters,unmanned aerial vehicle traffic management,internet of things in the sky,and situation awareness.4G and 5G cellular networks face various challenges to ensure dynamic control and safe mobility of the drone when it is tasked with delivering these *** drone can fly in three-dimensional *** drone connectivity can suffer from increased handover cost due to several reasons,including variations in the received signal strength indicator,co-channel interference offered to the drone by neighboring cells,and abrupt drop in lobe edge signals due to antenna *** baseline greedy handover algorithm only ensures the strongest connection between the drone and small cells so that the drone may experience several *** for fast environment learning,machine learning techniques such as Q-learning help the drone fly with minimum handover cost along with robust *** this study,we propose a Q-learning-based approach evaluated in three different *** handover decision is optimized gradually using Q-learning to provide efficient mobility support with high data rate in time-sensitive applications,tactile internet,and haptics *** results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively minimize the handover cost in a learning *** work presents a notable contribution to determine the optimal route of drones for researchers who are exploring UAV use cases in cellular networks where a large testing site comprised of several cells with multiple UAVs is under consideration.

关键词： 5G dense network small cells mobility management reinforcement learning performance evaluation handover management

Nitrogen(N) metabolism related enzyme activities,cell uitrastructure and nutrient contents as affected by N level and barley genotype

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 190-198页

作者： jawad Munawar shah Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari ZENG Jian-bin QUAN Xiao-yan Essa ali Noor Muhammad ZHANG Guo-ping Department of Agronomy Zijingang Campus Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China

Development of the new crop cultivars with high yield under low nitrogen （N） input is a fundamental approach to enhance agricultural sustainability, which is dependent on the exploitation of the elite germplasm. In the present study, four barley genotypes （two Tibetan wild and two cultivated）, differing in N use efficiency （NUE）, were characterized for their physiolog- ical and biochemical responses to different N levels. Higher N levels significantly increased the contents of other essential nutrients （P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn）, and the increase was more obvious for the N-efficient genotypes （ZD9 and XZ149）. The observation of ultrastructure showed that chloroplast structure was severely damaged under low nitrogen, and the two high N efficient genotypes were relatively less affected. The activities of the five N metabolism related enzymes, i.e., nitrate reductase （NR）, glutamine sy＇nthetase （GS）, nitrite reductase （NiR）, glutamate synthase （GOGAT） and glutamate dehydrogenase （GDH） all showed the substantial increase with the increased N level in the culture medium. However the increased extent differed among the four genotypes, with the two N efficient genotypes showing more increase in com- parison with the other two genotypes with relative N inefficiency （HXRL and XZ56）. The current findings showed that a huge difference exists in low N tolerance among barley genotypes, and improvement of some physiological traits （such as enzymes） could be helpful for increasing N utilization efficiency.

关键词： barley enzyme genotype nitrogen ultrastructure

A Compact Self-Isolated MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第9期42卷 919-934页

作者： Muhannad Y.Muhsin ali J.Salim jawad K.ali Microwave Research Group Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of TechnologyBaghdad10001Iraq Microwave Research Group Department of Communication EngineeringUniversity of TechnologyBaghdad10001Iraq

A compact self-isolated Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) antennaarray is presented for 5G mobile phone devices. The proposed antenna systemis operating at the 3.5 GHz band (3400–3600 MHz) and consists of eight antennaelements placed along two side edges of a mobile device, which meets the currenttrend requirements of full-screen smartphone devices. Each antenna element isdivided into two parts, a front part and back part. The front part consists of anI-shaped feeding line and a modified Hilbert fractal monopole antenna, whereasthe back part is an L-shaped element shorted to the system ground by a0.5 mm short stub. A desirable compactness can be obtained by utilizing the Hilbert space-filling property where the antenna element’s overall planar size printedon the side-edge frame is just (9.57 mm × 5.99 mm). The proposed MIMO antenna system has been simulated, analyzed, fabricated and tested. Based on the selfisolated property, good isolation (better than 15 dB) is attained without employingadditional decoupling elements and/or isolation techniques, which increases system complexity and reduces the antenna efficiency. The scattering parameters,antenna efficiencies, antenna gains, and antenna radiation characteristics areinvestigated to assess the proposed antenna performance. For evaluating the proposed antenna array system performance, the Envelope Correlation Coefficients(ECCs), Mean Effective Gains (MEGs) and channel capacity are *** antenna and MIMO performances are evaluated to confirm the suitability of the proposed MIMO antenna system for 5G mobile terminals.

关键词： 5G applications compact antennas isolation techniques MIMO antennas mobile terminals self-isolated antennas

Matter accretion onto Einstein-aether black holes via well-known fluids

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第6期44卷 182-196页

作者： M.Umair shahzad Rafaqat ali Abdul jawad Shamaila Rani Department of Mathematics University of OkaraOkaraPakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadLahore-CampusPakistan

We study matter accretion onto Einstein-aether black holes by adopting the Hamiltonian *** general solution of accretion is discussed using the isothermal equation of *** types of fluids are considered,including ultra-relativistic,ultra-stiff,sub-relativistic,and radiation fluids,and the accretion process onto Einstein-aether black holes is *** behavior of the fluid flow and the existence of critical points is investigated for Einstein-aether black *** further discuss the general expression and behavior of polytropic fluid onto Einstein-aether black *** most important feature of this work is the investigation of the mass accretion rate of the above-mentioned fluids and the comparison of our findings with the Schwarzschild black hole,which generates particular ***,the maximum mass accretion rate occurs near the Killing and universal horizons,and the minimum accretion rate lies between them.

关键词： black hole accretion homo-clinic orbits

Conversion of Malaysian low-rank coal to mesoporous activated carbon:Structure characterization and adsorption properties

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1716-1727页

作者： ali H.jawad Khudzir Ismail Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak Lee D. Wilson Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA40450 Shah AlamSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA02600 ArauPerlisMalaysia Department of Chemistry University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 5C9Canada

Malaysian Selantik low-rank coal(SC)was used as a precursor to prepare a form of mesoporous activated carbon(SC-AC)with greater surface area(SA)via a microwave induced KOH-activation *** characteristics of the SC and SC-AC were evaluated by the iodine number,ash content,bulk density,and moisture content The structure and surface characterization was carried out using pore structure analysis(BET),scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),elemental analysis(CHNS),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and determination of the point of zero charge(pH(PZC)).These results signify a mesoporous structure of SC-AC with an increase of ca.1160 times(BET SA=1094.3 m^2·g^-1)as compared with raw SC without activation(BET SA=1.23 m^2·g^-1).The adsorptive properties of the SC-AC with methylene blue(MB)was carried out at variable adsorbent dose(0.2-1.6 g·L^-1),solution pH(2-12),initial MB concentrations(25-400 mg·L^-1),and contact time(0-290 min)using batch mode *** kinetic profiles follow pseudo-second order kinetics and the equilibrium uptake of MB conforms to the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 491.7 mg g^-1 at 303 *** functions revealed a spontaneous endothermic adsorption *** mechanism of adsorption included mainly electrostatic attractions,hydrogen bonding interaction,andπ-πstacking *** work shows that Malaysian Selantik low-rank coal is a promising precursor for the production of low-cost and efficient mesoporous activated carbon with substantive surface area.

关键词： Coal Activated carbon Mesoporous material KOH activation Microwave irradiation Methylene blue

Antimicrobial,hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第3期38卷 433-438页

作者： Kafeel Ahmad Amjad ali Waqar Ahmed Afridi Ramla Somayya Muhammad jawad Ullah Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial activity, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium ***: The extracts were analyzed by agar well diffusion assays against five bacterial species:Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. The extracts were also screened against six fungal species — Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Pleurotus florida — using the agar tube diffusion method. Additionally, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts were ***: The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of the various tested fungal and bacterial strains. No hemagglutination activity was observed. Both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent phytotoxic activity toward Lemna ***: The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense possess good antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities, but no hemagglutination activity.

关键词： Anti-bacterial agents Antifungal agents Phytotoxic Seriphidium kurramense

Bicarbonate activation of hydrogen peroxide: A new emerging technology for wastewater treatment

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2016年第6期37卷 810-825页

作者： ali jawad 陈朱琦尹国川华中科技大学化学与化工学院湖北省材料化学与服役失效重点实验室湖北武汉430074

The serious limitations of available technologies for decontamination of wastewater have compelled researchers to search for alternative solutions. Catalytic treatment with hydrogen peroxide, which appears to be one of the most efficient treatment systems, is able to degrade various organics with the help of powerful ·OH radicals. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of bicarbonate activated hydrogen peroxide for wastewater treatment. The introduction of bicarbonate to pollutant treatment has led to appreciable improvements, not only in process efficiency, but also in process stability. This review describes in detail the applications of this process in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The enhanced degradation, limited or lack of leaching during heterogeneous degradation, and prolonged catalysts stability during degradation are salient features of this system. This review provides readers with new knowledge regarding bicarbonate, including the fact that it does not always harm pollutant degradation, and can significantly benefit degradation under some conditions.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Bicarbonate activated hydrogen peroxide Catalyst leaching Pollutant degradation Catalytic oxidation

Aggregation of graphene oxide and its environmental implications in the aquatic environment

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中国化学快报：英文版 2023年第2期34卷 141-149页

作者： jawad ali Yang Li Enxiang Shang Xinjie Wang Jian Zhao Muhammad Mohiuddin Xinghui Xia State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityHuanghua 061100China Department of Environmental Sciences Kohsar UniversityMurree 47150Pakistan

Graphene oxide(GO) with unique characteristics grasps striking potentials in both academic and industrial applications. After being released into natural waters, the dispersity and stability of GO might be altered by the chemical conditions in the receiving water bodies. In this review, we summarized that the aggregation of GO in aquatic environments is mostly dependent on properties of nanoparticles(size,structure, and functional groups) and complex water chemistry(p H, temperature, light, ionic strength,and dissolved organic matter). The knowledge about the aggregation/stability of GO is still insufficient due to the variations in GO properties and complex system of natural waters. Although studies about environmental transformation of graphene-related materials can be accessed but a systematic study taking into consideration the various factors of GO and aquatic systems responsible for aggregation of GO is still lacking. Therefore, we summarized that GO homoaggregation or heteroaggregation with other solid particles can affect the distribution in different depths of rivers and toxicity toward plankton or benthic organisms. More studies are needed to investigate the stability of GO in the long term, the effect of other nanomaterial on GO aggregation, the alteration of water constituents at different regions/time and its effect on GO aggregation, to understand the transportation and impact of GO in the environment.

关键词： Graphene oxide Aggregation Colloidal behavior Transport/mobility Toxicity

A Secure and Lightweight Chaos Based Image Encryption Scheme

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 279-294页

作者： Fadia ali Khan Jameel Ahmed Fehaid Alqahtani Suliman A.Alsuhibany Fawad Ahmed jawad Ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science King Fahad Naval AcademyAl Jubail35512Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Cyber Security Pakistan Navy Engineering CollegeNUSTKarachi 75350Pakistan School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH105DTUnited Kingdom

In this paper,we present an image encryption scheme based on the multi-stage chaos-based image encryption *** method works on the principle of confusion and *** proposed scheme containing both confusion and diffusion modules are highly secure and effective as compared to the existing ***,an image(red,green,and blue components)is partitioned into blocks with an equal number of *** block is then processed with Tinkerbell Chaotic Map(TBCM)to get shuffled pixels and shuffled *** Fractal Function(CFF)change the value of pixels of each color component(layer)to obtain a random *** the obtained random sequence,three layers of plain image are ***,with each encrypted layer,Brownian Particles(BP)are XORed that added an extra layer of *** experimental tests including a number of statistical tests validated the security of the presented *** results reported in the paper show that the proposed scheme has higher security and is lightweight as compared to state-of-the-art methods proposed in the literature.

关键词： Chaos fractals fibonacci tinkerbell chaotic map confusion diffusion brownian motion