检索结果-南通市图书馆

Post-Hospital Syndrome and Hyponatremia

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Health 2021年第8期13卷 846-856页

作者： José Bellod-Tonda Julio Blázquez-Encinar María Dolores Jover-Ríos Carmen Seguí-Pérez Juan Méndez-Mora Francisco Caparrós-Hernández Álex Méndez-Jover Marc Seguí-Pérez David Baláž Leticia Espinosa del Barrio Jesús Corbacho-Redondo Carles García-Cervera Juan Manuel Núñez-Cruz Isidro Hernández-Isasi javier Guzmán-Martínez Angie Gómez-Uranga Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar Jorge Peris-García Veronica Martínez-Sempere Eliana Damonte-White Óscar Hernando Ruiz-Ariza Juan Carlos López-Corbalán Lourdes Lajara-Villar Andrea Riaño-Pérez Paloma Chazarra-Pérez María Escamilla-Espínola Maria Luisa Asensio-Tomás Miguel Ángel Auladell-Alemany Laura Serna-Torres Asunción Pérez-Fullana Amparo Gómez-Siurana Sergio Menargues-Irles José Miguel Seguí-Ripoll Internal Medicine Department University Hospital of San Juan Alicante Spain Internal Medicine Department Torrevieja University Hospital Alicante Spain Internal Medicine Department Hospital La Vega Baja of Orihuela Alicante Spain CEU Cardinal Herrera University Veterinary Hospital Valencia Spain Secondary School Marist Brothers High School Alicante Spain Department of Clinical Medicine Miguel Hernández University Elche Spain Primary Care Medicine Benilloba Spain Sub-Delegation of the Government Alicante Spain Chemical Engineering Department University of Alicante Alicante Spain

Introduction: Post-hospital syndrome (PHS) is defined as a period of vulnerability during the first 30 days after a patient is discharged from hospital, in which multiple factors come into play. Hyponatremia is the most frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder in hospitalized patients and may be related to the appearance of PHS. Objective: The objective is to estimate the prevalence of PHS that is assessed as the rate of readmissions in the first 30 days after discharge, in patients with hyponatremia. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive observational study of patients with hyponatremia who were discharged from 1 September 2010 to 2 February 2020 at the Internal Medicine Service of the Hospital University of San Juan (Alicante, Spain). Results: Of the 25 included patients, 5 (20%) were readmitted within a month of discharge, after a mean of 11.4 days (standard deviation [SD] 5.1). The overall mortality of the study was 20% (n = 5), with one case of death in the first 30 days post-hospitalization (4%). In 12 patients (48%) the origin of the hyponatremia was undetermined. The most frequently recorded etiology for the condition was pharmacological (n = 7, 28%), and there was pronounced variability in its clinical and laboratory study. The most widely used corrective measure was drug withdrawal, in 16 patients (64%). Water intake restriction was the most common treatment after discharge (5 patients, 20%), followed by urea (2 patients, 8%), while tolvaptan was not used. Conclusion: Hyponatremia may be the cause of PHS, which could increase the rate of early readmission. Hyponatremia is an underdiagnosed and undertreated entity, so it is necessary to apply an appropriate system to optimize its management and, in future studies, to assess its impact on PHS.

关键词： Hospitalization Hyponatremia Patient Readmission Inappropriate ADH Syndrome

What is the optimal level of vitamin D in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease population?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第5期5卷 471-481页

作者： Pablo Molina JoséL Górriz Mariola D Molina Sandra Beltrán Belén Vizcaíno Verónica Escudero Julia Kanter Ana Iávila Jordi Bover Elvira Fernández javier Nieto Secundino Cigarrán Enrique Gruss Gema Fernández-Juárez Alberto Martínez-Castelao Juan F Navarro-González Ramón Romero Luis M Pallardó Department of Nephrology Dr Peset University Hospital46017 ValenciaSpain Department of Medicine Universitat de València46005 ValenciaSpain Department of Mathematics Universidad de AlicanteSan Vicente del Raspeig03690 AlicanteSpain Department of Nephrology FundacióPuigvert080348 BarcelonaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Uni-versitari de LleidaIRBlleida(Institut de Reserca Biomèdica de Lleida)25198 LleidaSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real13005 Ciudad RealSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital da Costa Burela7880 LugoSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón28922 MadridSpain Department of Nephrology Hospital Universitario de BeellvitgeIDIBELLL'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907 BarcelonaSpain Research Unit and Department of Nephrology University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria38010 Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain Department of Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BarcelonaSpain

AIM To evaluate thresholds for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in relation to death, kidney progression and hospitalization in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease(CKD) *** Four hundred and seventy non-dialysis 3-5 stage CKD patients participating in OSERCE-2 study, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study, were prospectively evaluated and categorized into 3 groups according to 25(OH)D levels at enrollment(less than 20 ng/mL, between 20 and 29 ng/mL, and at or above 30 ng/mL), considering 25(OH)D between 20 and 29 ng/mL as reference group. Association between 25(OH)D levels and death(primary outcome), and time to first hospitalization and renal progression(secondary outcomes) over a 3-year followup, were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox-proportional hazard models. To identify 25(OH)D levels at highest risk for outcomes, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were *** Over 29 ± 12 mo of follow-up, 46(10%) patients dead, 156(33%) showed kidney progression, and 126(27%) were hospitalized. After multivariate adjustment, 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality(HR = 2.33; 95%CI: 1.10-4.91; P = 0.027) and kidney progression(HR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.63-3.71; P < 0.001), whereas the group with 25(OH)D at or above 30 ng/mL did not have a different hazard for outcomes from the reference group. Hospitalization outcomes were predicted by 25(OH) levels(HR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.96-1.00; P = 0.027) in the unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, but not after multivariate adjusting. ROC curves identified 25(OH)D levels at highest risk for death, kidney progression, and hospitalization, at 17.4 ng/mL [area under the curve(AUC) = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.685-0.69; P = 0.027], 18.6 ng/mL(AUC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.60-0.71; P < 0.001), and 19.0 ng/m L(AUC = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.50-0.62; P = 0.048), ***25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of death and progression in patients with stage 3-5 CKD, with no addit

关键词： Vitamin D Chronic kidney disease Mortality Renal progression Hospitalization

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

由水溶性聚合物制备多功能碳纳米纤维垫

国际纺织导报 2016年第11期44卷 16-18,20页

作者： L.D.Cremar J.Acosta-Martinez A.Villarreal A.Salinas L.Wei Y.B.Mao K.Lozano 钟晓慧(译) 王依民(校) 格兰德山谷Texas-Rio大学美国不详

聚合物前驱体成本高、碳化后处理工艺中有机溶剂的应用,以及能源消耗等问题,限制了碳纤维在日常生活中的应用。采用离心力纺丝技术及在酸蒸气中脱水的方法制备非织造纳米纤维垫,并采用低温碳化工艺(t<800℃)制备多功能碳纳米纤维。这种... 详细信息

聚合物前驱体成本高、碳化后处理工艺中有机溶剂的应用,以及能源消耗等问题,限制了碳纤维在日常生活中的应用。采用离心力纺丝技术及在酸蒸气中脱水的方法制备非织造纳米纤维垫,并采用低温碳化工艺(t<800℃)制备多功能碳纳米纤维。这种方法可以制备微孔与中孔的多孔非织造碳纤维织物或纱线。纤维的直径可在几百纳米到几微米之间变化。热物理和微观结构表征表明,化学和热处理过程中的碳化形成了石墨。所制备的纤维表现出较高的导电性和比表面积,以及良好的热稳定性、疏水性和亲油性。

关键词：碳纳米纤维多功能水溶性聚合物离心力纺丝

智利儿童参与校外项目——主观幸福感、空闲时间利用满意度与校外项目满意度调查

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国校外教育 2022年第3期 101-128页

作者：洛雷托·迪策尔费伦·卡萨斯哈维尔·托雷斯-瓦莱霍斯费尔南多·雷耶斯杰米·阿尔法罗周宇雯张乐云费知行韩戈玲庄甘林(译) Faculty of Psychology Universidad del DesarrolloChile Doctoral Program in sychology Health and Quality of Life University of GironaSpain Research Institute on Quality of Life University of GironaSpain Doctoral Program on Education and Society Faculty of Education and Social SciencesUniversidad Andres BelloChile Faculty of Education of Social Sciences Universidad Andres BelloChile 华东理工大学外国语学院伯明翰大学上海理工大学上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院

对1033名9~14岁智利儿童(其中49.1%为女孩)的主观幸福感和其空闲时间利用的满意度进行调查,其中568人参加了公共校外项目,465人没有参加。所有参与调查的儿童就读于市立学校,且生活在高度脆弱的社会环境中。研究采用此前智利研究人员验... 详细信息

对1033名9~14岁智利儿童(其中49.1%为女孩)的主观幸福感和其空闲时间利用的满意度进行调查,其中568人参加了公共校外项目,465人没有参加。所有参与调查的儿童就读于市立学校,且生活在高度脆弱的社会环境中。研究采用此前智利研究人员验证有效的幸福感量表和国际通用的空闲时间利用项目量表,采用验证性因素分析和多群组结构方程模型分析评估量表的拟合度和组间评分的等效性。总体结果显示,两组儿童的主观幸福感都很高。尽管大多数参加校外项目的儿童得分较高,但该结果所体现的差异并不具备统计学意义。进一步分析结果表明,参加校外项目的儿童在主观幸福感的某些方面得分明显更高,且与未参加校外项目的儿童相比,他们更快乐,对空闲时间的利用也更满意。调查结果还表明,学生对校外项目的高满意度与参与度和校外活动的多样性显著相关。此外,采用多元回归分析了年龄和性别等社会人口学变量的影响。目前,关于公共校外项目对儿童幸福感影响的研究不足,鉴于此,对这一问题展开另外两点论述。具体来说,研究不仅可以丰富人们对儿童主观幸福感的认知,还讨论了对支持儿童的公共政策进行评价时使用主观幸福感指标的问题。

关键词：主观幸福感童年校外项目空闲时间利用公共政策

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

2019年全球十大新兴技术

环球科学 2019年第23期 22-33页

作者：玛丽特·迪克里斯蒂娜伯纳德·S·迈耶森哈维尔·加西亚·马丁内斯施怿(翻译) 科琳娜·E·莱森杰弗里·凌阿尔贝托·莫斯卡泰利戴晨(翻译) 伊丽莎白·奥戴马一瑷(翻译) 杰夫·卡贝克安徳鲁·梅纳德罗娜·钱徳拉瓦提马克·菲谢蒂李相烨安徳烈亚·汤普森不详

《科学美国人》联合世界经济论坛,评选出了2019年全球十大新兴技术。这些新兴技术正蓄势待发,它们有望改变现状,在生物技术、环境能源、工程机械等领域引发变革。在新兴技术不断涌现的今天,有哪些新生力量将在未来几年脱颖而出,革新我... 详细信息

《科学美国人》联合世界经济论坛,评选出了2019年全球十大新兴技术。这些新兴技术正蓄势待发,它们有望改变现状,在生物技术、环境能源、工程机械等领域引发变革。在新兴技术不断涌现的今天,有哪些新生力量将在未来几年脱颖而出,革新我们的生活方式?

关键词：世界经济论坛工程机械新兴技术环境能源改变现状新生力量全球

肿瘤恶性转化与C/EBPβ和STAT3基因相关(英文)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中华神经外科疾病研究杂志 2010年第1期9卷 22-22页

作者： Maria Stella Carro Wei Keat Lim Mariano javier Alvarez Robert J. Bollo Evan Y. Snyder Erik P. Sulman Sandrine L. Anne Fiona Doetsch Howard Colman Anna Lasorella Ken Aldape Andrea Califano Antonio Iavarone

The inference of transcriptional networks that regulate transitions into physiological or pathological cellular states remains a central challenge in systems biology. A mesenchymal phenotype is the hallmark of tumour aggressiveness in human malignant glioma,but the regulatory programs responsible for implementing the associated molecular signature are largely unknown. Here we show that reverse-engineering and an unbiased interrogation of a glioma-specific regulatory network reveal the transcriptional module that activates expression of mesenchymal genes in malignant glioma. Two transcription factors (C/EBPβ and STAT3) emerge as synergistic initiators and master regulators of mesenchymal transformation. Ectopic co-expression of C/EBPβ and STAT3 reprograms neural stem cells along the aberrant mesenchymal lineage,whereas elimination of the two factors in glioma cells leads to collapse of the mesenchymal signature and reduces tumour aggressiveness. In human glioma,expression of C/EBPβ and STAT3 correlates with mesenchymal differentiation and predicts poor clinical outcome. These results show that the activation of a small regulatory module is necessary and sufficient to initiate and maintain an aberrant phenotypic state in cancer cells.

关键词：脑瘤细胞分子生理学临床分析

Notes for genera:Ascomycota

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fungal Diversity 2017年第5期86卷 1-594页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar David L.Hawksworth Hugo Madrid Paul M.Kirk Uwe Braun Rajshree V.Singh Pedro W.Crous Martin Kukwa Robert Lücking Cletus P.Kurtzman Andrey Yurkov Danny Haelewaters Andre´Aptroot H.Thorsten Lumbsch Einar Timdal Damien Ertz javier Etayo Alan J.L.Phillips Johannes Z.Groenewald Moslem Papizadeh Laura Selbmann Monika C.Dayarathne Gothamie Weerakoon E.B.Gareth Jones Satinee Suetrong Qing Tian Rafael F.Castanda-Ruiz Ali H.Bahkali Ka-Lai Pang Kazuaki Tanaka Dong Qin Dai Jariya Sakayaroj Martina Hujslová Lorenzo Lombard Belle D.Shenoy Ave Suija Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Kasun M.Thambugala Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Bharati O.Sharma Subhash Gaikwad Gargee Pandit Laura Zucconi Silvano Onofri Eleonora Egidi Huzefa A.Raja Rampai Kodsueb Marcela E.S.Caceres Sergio Perez-Ortega Patrícia O.Fiuza Josiane Santana Monteiro Larissa N.Vasilyeva Roger G.Shivas Maria Prieto Mats Wedin Ibai Olariaga Adebola Azeez Lateef Yamini Agrawal Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Guo Zhu Zhao Walter P.Pfliegler Gunjan Sharma Magdalena Oset Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Susumu Takamatsu Konstanze Bensch Nimali Indeewari de Silva AndréDe Kesel Anuruddha Karunarathna Saranyaphat Boonmee Donald H.Pfister Yong-Zhong Lu Zong-Long Luo Nattawut Boonyuen Dinushani A.Daranagama Indunil C.Senanayake Subashini C.Jayasiri Milan C.Samarakoon Xiang-Yu Zeng Mingkwan Doilom Luis Quijada Sillma Rampadarath Gabriela Heredia Asha J.Dissanayake Ruvishika S.Jayawardana Rekhani H.Perera Li Zhou Tang Chayanard Phukhamsakda Margarita Hernańdez-Restrepo Xiaoya Ma Saowaluck Tibpromma Luis F.P.Gusmao Darshani Weerahewa Samantha C.Karunarathna Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand World Agroforestry Centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand National Fungal Culture Collection of India(NFCCI) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology(Fungi)GroupAgharkar Research InstitutePuneMaharashtra 411004India Royal Botanic Gardens KewRichmondSurrey TW93DSUK Department of Life Sciences The Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Centro de Geno´mica y Bioinforma´tica Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Mayor de ChileCamino La Pira´mide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Martin-Luther-Universita¨t Institut fu¨r BiologieBereich Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenHerbariumNeuwerk 2106099 Halle(Saale)Germany Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Gdan´skWita Stwosza 5980-308 Gdan´skPoland Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Königin-Luise-Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization ResearchAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgriculturePeoriaIL 61604USA Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures Inhoffenstraße 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA ABL Herbarium G.v.d.Veenstraat 1073762 XK SoestThe Netherlands Science&Education The Field Museum1400

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi,has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques,over the past 10–15 years,and continues to *** genera have been found to be polyphyletic,and their generic concepts have subsequently been *** names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular *** ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011,has also caused changes in fungal generic *** order to facilitate access to all important changes,it was desirable to compile these in a single *** present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota(approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016),including those which are *** and summaries of the changes since the last edition of‘Ainsworth&Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi’in 2008 are *** notes include the number of accepted species,classification,type species(with location of the type material),culture availability,life-styles,distribution,and selected publications that have appeared since *** work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the"Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi"published in 2013,which will be developed into a list of protected generic *** will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists,and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi(NCF).The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis,Collophora(as Collophorina),Cryomyces,Dematiopleospora,Heterospora(as Heterosporicola),Lithophila,Palmomyces(as Palmaria)and Saxomyces are validated,as are two previously invalid family names,Bartaliniaceae and *** species of Lalaria,which were invalidly published are trans

关键词： Article 59 Classification One name Pleomorphic fungi Taxonomy

β-淀粉样蛋白损害星形胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中对营养不良突触的吞噬作用

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

神经损伤与功能重建 2021年第5期16卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Maria V Sanchez-Mico Sebastian Jimenez Angela Gomez-Arboledas Clara Muñoz-Castro Carmen Romero-Molina Victoria Navarro Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias Cristina Nuñez-Diaz Raquel Sanchez-Varo Elena Galea JoséC Davila Marisa Vizuete Antonia Gutierrez javier Vitorica 杜一星(编译) Dpto.Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla SevillaSpain Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) MadridSpain Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA Dpto.Biologia Celular Genetica y FisiologiaInstituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMAFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MalagaMalagaSpain Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular Unitat de Bioquímica de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain ICREA BarcelonaSpain. 不详

摘要在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中,在β-淀粉样蛋白斑块周围发现了反应性星形胶质细胞和营养不良的神经突(异常的突触前元件)。笔者的前期研究已经表明,反应性星形胶质细胞会包裹、吞噬和降解APP小鼠以及AD患者海马中营养不良的突触,但仅波及不... 详细信息

摘要在阿尔茨海默病(AD)中,在β-淀粉样蛋白斑块周围发现了反应性星形胶质细胞和营养不良的神经突(异常的突触前元件)。笔者的前期研究已经表明,反应性星形胶质细胞会包裹、吞噬和降解APP小鼠以及AD患者海马中营养不良的突触,但仅波及不到7%的营养不良神经突,这表明星形胶质细胞在AD中的吞噬能力降低。本研究旨在通过分析原代星形胶质细胞培养物对分离突触(突触神经小体,SNs)吞噬和降解的能力来深入了解其潜在机制。SNs分别来自APP(包含营养不良性突触和β淀粉样肽)小鼠、Tau(包含AT8-和AT100-阳性磷酸化Tau)小鼠以及WT(对照)小鼠。我们发现与SNs-WT相比,星形胶质细胞的吞噬和降解能力在SNs-APP大大降低,但在AT8/AT100阳性的SNs-Tau却没有。在12月大的APP小鼠的海马中证实了星形胶质细胞吞噬能力的降低,因为只有(1.60±3.81)%的斑块状星形胶质细胞具有吞噬结构。

关键词：老年痴呆 β-淀粉样蛋白星形胶质细胞营养不良性突触小胶质细胞病理吞噬作用

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Grupo 4! 教学成员访谈

世界建筑导报 2021年第3期36卷 38-41页

作者：赫苏斯•乌拉吉赛尔希奥•德•米盖尔内斯特•蒙特内哥罗卡洛斯•帕拉西奥斯马努埃尔•帕斯库亚尔伊格纳西奥•森拉伊莎贝尔•科拉多哈维•莫斯盖拉张映乐不详东南大学建筑学院建筑系

1.马德里理工大学建筑学院(ETSAM)的教学宗旨、培养目标、教学特色是什么?JU:在西班牙,建筑学院依然以培养建筑专业人员为首要目标。根据国家职业法律,取得注册建筑师执照的人员将有资格开设自己的事务所进行职业实践。近年来,建筑行业... 详细信息

1.马德里理工大学建筑学院(ETSAM)的教学宗旨、培养目标、教学特色是什么?JU:在西班牙,建筑学院依然以培养建筑专业人员为首要目标。根据国家职业法律,取得注册建筑师执照的人员将有资格开设自己的事务所进行职业实践。近年来,建筑行业的危机使从业者在理论和思辨的角度对教学产生了更多关注。如果ETSAM曾经以对学生进行高水平的职业培训,并向全球输送优秀的建筑从业者而闻名,那么在今天,这里正进行着之前只有在AA或者哥伦比亚建筑学院才能见到的教学实践。

关键词：注册建筑师教学宗旨教学特色教学实践职业培训培养目标从业者哥伦比亚