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Improving rice photosynthesis and yield through trehalose 6-phosphate signaling

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 586-588页

作者： Matthew J.Paul javier A.Miret Cara A.Griffiths Plant Science Rothamsted ResearchAL52JQ HarpendenHertfordshireUK

THE T6P-SnRK1 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PLANTS,The biosynthetic route for the synthesis of trehalose in plants is through a low-flux pathway that leads to the accumulation of micromolar amounts of trehalose 6-phosphate(T6P)and trehalose when sucrose is available.T6P accumulates in proportion to sucrose(Lunn et al.,2006)as an indispensable regulator of carbohydrate utilization(Schluepmann et al.,2003).At least some of the indispensability of T6P and its profound and widespread effects on plant growth and development can be explained through T6P inhibition of the SNF1-related protein kinase SnRK1(Zhang et al.,2009),a central regulator of plant responses to carbon and energy status.

关键词： molar synthesis explained

Gold Nanozymes:From Concept to Biomedical Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第1期13卷 138-173页

作者： javier Lou‑Franco Bhaskar Das Christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University of Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfast BT95DLUK Present Address:Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia

In recent years,gold nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent enzyme-mimicking activities which resemble those of peroxidase,oxidase,catalase,superoxide dismutase or reductase.This,merged with their ease of synthesis,tunability,biocompatibility and low cost,makes them excellent candidates when compared with biological enzymes for applications in biomedicine or biochemical analyses.Herein,over 200 research papers have been systematically reviewed to present the recent progress on the fundamentals of gold nanozymes and their potential applications.The review reveals that the morphology and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles play an important role in their catalytic properties,as well as external parameters such as pH or temperature.Yet,real applications often require specific biorecognition elements to be immobilized onto the nanozymes,leading to unexpected positive or negative effects on their activity.Thus,rational design of efficient nanozymes remains a challenge of paramount importance.Different implementation paths have already been explored,including the application of peroxidase-like nanozymes for the development of clinical diagnostics or the regulation of oxidative stress within cells via their catalase and superoxide dismutase activities.The review also indicates that it is essential to understand how external parameters may boost or inhibit each of these activities,as more than one of them could coexist.Likewise,further toxicity studies are required to ensure the applicability of gold nanozymes in vivo.Current challenges and future prospects of gold nanozymes are discussed in this review,whose significance can be anticipated in a diverse range of fields beyond biomedicine,such as food safety,environmental analyses or the chemical industry.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles Catalysis Nanozymes Diagnosis Nanomedicine

Pathogenesis of glaucoma: how to prevent ganglion cell from axonal destruction?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第23期9卷 2046-2047页

作者： Francisco javier Carreras Department of Surgery(Ophthalmology) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Granada

Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness globally, but the pathogenesis of glaucoma is still pending consensus. In spite of great advances during the 20th and early 21st centuries in terms of detailed knowledge of pathological processes that take place in glaucoma, the exact pathogenesis is much less clear. Hypotheses abound, and the most researched areas are ischemia at the optic nerve head, blockade of ganglion cell axonal transport, peripapillary atrophy, and changes in the characteristics of the lamina cribrosa （Nucci et al., 2008）.

关键词： Pathogenesis of glaucoma RGCs cell

The Tower of Nisida as centre of 17^(th)century fortified naples system

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第2期12卷 308-318页

作者： Ignacio-javier Gil-Crespo Concetta Cusano Claudia Cennamo Research Center“Jose´Joaquı´n de Mora”/Ca´rdenas Foundation MadridSpain Dipartimento di Architettura e Disegno Industriale Universita`degli Studi della Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Aversa(CE)Italy

The paper investigates the territorial layout of the fortified system of Naples that developed during the Spanish Vice Kingdom in the 16th-17th centuries.Both existing castles and towers,and constructions built for the purpose,were included in the system.The Tower of Nisida is one of the existing ancient towers that became part of the impressive 17th century defense system of Naples.The study focus is on the strategic importance acquired by Nisida and its Tower in those years,when it became a key location in the fortified system,both evidencing its cruciality through the study of the field of vision that widens from the location and dealing the issue with the point of view landscape and territorial defense,recalling the concept that the defense architecture is part of architectural heritage.

关键词： Fortification Architectural heritage Territory and landscape Artillery Military architecture

Corrigendum to“Moult intensity constraints along the complete moult sequence of the House Sparrow(Passer domesticus)”[Avian Res.14(2023)100125]

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 716-717页

作者： Santi Guallar javier Quesada Departament de Vertebrats Museu de Ciències Naturals de BarcelonaBarcelona08003CataloniaSpain

In the original version of this article,we published a figure showing a gap in the confidence intervals for body and tail due to data paucity for mid stages of moult progress.Here,we amended this problem adding data from the 2023 moulting season,during which we obtained 139 moult records from 98 individuals.The final sample size used for plotting these results are shown in the caption below.This amendment corroborates the conclusion already stated:body moult does not seem to be under physiological constraints,although primary moult appears to be tightly controlled to reduce aerodynamic losses.

关键词： constraints stated conclusion

Atrial fibrillation in the elderly： predisposing factors and management

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第3期14卷 185-194页

作者： Juan Lacalzada-Almeida javier Garcia-Niebla Department of Cardiology Hospztal Umversitarlo de Canarias Tenerife Spain Servicios Sanitarios del Area de Salud de El Hierro Valle del Golfo Health Center El Hierro Spain

In the last twenty years, new imaging techniques to assess atrial function and to predict the risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after treatment have been developed. The present review deals with the role of these techniques in the detection of structural and functional changes of the atrium and diagnosis of atrial remodeling, particularly atrial fibrosis. Echocardiography allows the detection of anatomical, functional changes and deformation of the atrial wall during the phases of the cardiac cycle. For this, adequate acquisition of atrial images is necessary using speckle tracking imaging and interpretation of the resulting strain and strain rate curves. This allows to predict new-onset atrial fibrillation and recurrences. Its main limitations are inter-observer variability, the existence of different software manufacturers, and the fact that the software used were originally developed for the evaluation of the ventricular function and are now applied to the atria. Cardiac magnetic resonance, using contrast enhancement with gadolinium, plays a key role in the visualization and quantification of atrial fibrosis. This is the established method for in vivo visualization of myocardial fibrotic tissue. The non-invasive evaluation of atrial fibrosis is associ- ated with the risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation and with electro-anatomical endocardial mapping. We discuss the limitations of these techniques, derived from the difficulty of demonstrating the correlation between fibrosis imaging and histology, and poor intra- and inter- observer reproducibility. The sources of discordance are described, mainly due to image acquisition and processing, and the challenges ahead in an attempt to eliminate differences between operators.

关键词：心房诱发因素老年人心肌纤维化可视化方法成像技术颤动超声心动图

Main factors affecting lacertid lizard thermal ecology

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第3期14卷 293-305页

作者： Zaida ORTEGA Francisco javier MARTÍN-VALLEJO Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil Department of Statistics University of SalamancaSpain

The thermal ecology of ectotherms has been studied for almost 2 centuries,but additional attention is currently being paid to it,to understand how organisms deal with the environment in a climate change context.A consensus is still far away due to the large number of factors involved and their complex interactions.In this context,3 analyses in lacertid lizards were carried out:(i)a meta-analysis,to test for differences between body and air temperatures from 71 populations;(ii)a meta-analysis concerning correlations between body and air temperatures from 60 populations;and(iii)a multimodel inference of thermoregulation effectiveness indices from 45 populations.The importance of different factors,including body size,habitat,insularity,altitude,climate and season,was evaluated in all analyses to model the response variables.A strong seasonality effect was observed,with a consistent pattern of less effective thermoregulation in summer compared to other seasons.Altitude was the second most important factor,with a consistent higher thermoregulation effort in populations occurring at high elevations(>1000 m above sea level).Other factors,such as insularity or body size,can also be important,but did not exhibit a clear pattern.Finally,thermoregulation was less affected by climate and habitat type.

关键词： lizards meta-analysis seasonality temperature thermoregulation

Low-Cost Tiled Display System Architecture with Dynamic Web-Based Management

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China Communications 2022年第10期19卷 143-168页

作者： Daniel Marfil Fernando Boronat F.javier Pastor Anna Vidal Communications Department Gandia CampusUniversitat Politecnica de ValenciaCalle Paraninfo146730Grao de GandiaValencia(Spain) Drawing Department Gandia CampusUniversitat Politecnica de ValenciaCalle Paraninfo146730Grao de GandiaValencia(Spain) Applied Mathematics Department Gandia CampusUniversitat Politecnica de ValenciaCalle Paraninfo146730Grao de GandiaValencia(Spain)

In this paper, a scalable hardware and software architecture for tiled display systems (a.k.a. videowalls), which can be implemented by using low-cost devices, together with a dynamic web-based management and configuration service are proposed. It has been designed to support both stored and live broadcast/broadband content, in mosaic or warp distributions. The displays and devices can be dynamically configured via web in different ways: the displays can create a single display of a larger size;or they can be configured in a customized way in order to playout different media contents in different display combinations. As display renderers, low-cost devices are proposed as the main hardware element to obtain affordable videowall systems. As a proof of concept, two prototypes have been implemented, including an accurate synchronization mechanism based on a Master/Slave control scheme and aggressive and smooth playout adjustment techniques. To evidence the good performance of the prototypes and configuration service, both objective and subjective evaluations have been conducted regarding synchronization accuracy and usability. On the one hand, the mean values of the asynchronies between the video playout processes in each display are kept below 25ms (i.e., frame accuracy). On the other hand, the obtained usability score in the System Usability Scale (SUS) test has been 88.65, which is considered as excellent.

关键词： AMP media synchronization multi-screen playout adjustment tiled displays videowall

Processing of ingredients and diets and effects on nutritional value for pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 751-763页

作者： Oscar javier Rojas Hans Henrik Stein Devenish Nutrition Fairmont MN 56031 USA Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA.

A conventional diet based on corn and soybean meal fed to pigs is usually provided in a mash form and in most cases, processing other than grinding and mixing is not used. However, due to the high cost of energy in pig diets,use of high fiber ingredients such as soybean hulls, distillers dried grains with solubles, and wheat middlings has increased. High fiber concentrations in the diet usually results in reduced energy and nutrient digestibility due to the low capacity of pigs to digest fiber, which negatively impacts growth performance and carcass composition of the pigs. Feed processing technologies such as changes in grinding procedures, expansion, extrusion, pelleting, use of enzymes or chemical treatments may, however, be used to solubilize some of the cel ulose and hemicel ulose fractions that form the cel wal of plants in the ingredients, and therefore, increase nutrient availability. This may have a positive effect on energy digestibility, and therefore, also on pig growth performance and carcass composition, but effects of different feed technologies on the nutritional value of feed ingredients and diets fed to pigs are not fully understood. It has however, been demonstrated that reduced particle size of cereal grains usually results in increased digestibility of energy, primarily due to increased digestibility of starch. Extrusion or expansion of ingredients or diets may also increase energy digestibility and it appears that the increase is greater in high fiber diets than in diets with lower concentrations of fiber. Chemical treatments have not consistently improved energy or nutrient digestibility, but a number of different enzymes may be used to increase the digestibility of phosphorus, calcium, or energy. Thus, there are several opportunities for using feed technology to improve the nutritional value of diets fed to pigs.

关键词： Chemical treatments Enzymes Particle size Pig Processing Starch