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Endoscopic identification of endoluminal esophageal landmarks for radial and longitudinal orientation and lesion location

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 498-508页

作者： Fabian Emura Rene Gomez-Esquivel Carlos Rodriguez-Reyes Petros Benias javier preciado Michael Wallace Luis Giraldo-Cadavid Division of Gastroenterology Universidad de La Sabana Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy EmuraCenter LatinoAmerica Emura Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva Clínica Pediátrica Colsanitas Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Division of Gastroenterology North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center Unidad de Exploraciones Digestivas Clinica Universitaria Colombia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Department of Internal Medicine. Universidad de La Sabana Division of Interventional Pulmonology Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana

AIM To characterize esophageal endoluminal landmarks to permit radial and longitudinal esophageal orientation and accurate lesion location.METHODS Distance from the incisors and radial orientation were estimated for the main left bronchus and the left atrium landmarks in 207 consecutive patients using white light examination. A sub-study was also performed using white light followed by endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in 25 consecutive patients to confirm the findings.The scope orientation throughout the exam was maintained at the natural axis,where the left esophageal quadrant corresponds to the area between 6 and 9 o'clock. When an anatomical landmark was identified, it was recorded with a photograph and its quadrant orientation and distance from the incisors were determined. The reference points to obtain the distances and radial orientation were as follows: the midpoint of the left main bronchus and the most intense pulsatile zone of the left atrium. With the video processor system set to moderate insufflation, measurements were obtained at the end of the patients' air expiration.RESULTS The left main bronchus and left atrium esophageal landmarks were identified using white light in 99% and 100% of subjects at a mean distance of 25.8 cm(SD2.3), and 31.4 cm(SD 2.4) from the incisors, respectively. The left main bronchus landmark was found to be a tubular, concave, non-pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. The left atrium landmark was identified as a round, convex, pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. Both landmarks were identified using white light on the anterior esophageal quadrant. In the substudy, the left main bronchus was identified in 24(92%) patients at 25.4 cm(SD2.1) and 26.7 cm(SD 1.9) from the incisors, by white light and EUS, respectively.The left atrium was recognized in all patients at 30.5 cm(SD 1.9), and 31.6 cm(SD2.3) from the incisors, by both white light and EUS, respectively. EUS confi

关键词： Esophagus Natural landmark Radial orientation Longitudinal orientation Four-quadrants Left main bronchus Left atrium

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Nanoparticles embedded into glass matrices:glass nanocomposites

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2022年第3期16卷 1-81页

作者： javier FONSECA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBoston 02115USA

Research on glass nanocomposites(GNCs)has been very active in the past decades.GNCs have attracted—and still do—great interest in the fields of optoelectronics,photonics,sensing,electrochemistry,catalysis,biomedicine,and art.In this review,the potential applications of GNCs in these fields are briefly described to show the reader the possibilities of these materials.The most important synthesis methods of GNCs(melt-quenching,sol-gel,ion implantation,ion-exchange,staining process,spark plasma sintering,radio frequency sputtering,spray pyrolysis,and chemical vapor deposition techniques)are extensively explained.The major aim of this review is to systematize our knowledge about the synthesis of GNCs and to explore the mechanisms of formation and growth of NPs within glass matrices.The size-controlled preparation of NPs within glass matrices,which remains a challenge,is essential for advanced applications.Therefore,a thorough understanding of GNC synthesis techniques is expected to facilitate the preparation of innovative GNCs.

关键词： glass nanocomposites melt-quenching sol-gel ion implantation ion-exchange

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Nonlinear criterion for strength mobilization in brittle failure of rock and its extension to the tunnel scale

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第4期32卷 685-705页

作者： Rodolfo Cabezas javier Vallejos Faculty of Engineering and Technology Universidad San SebastianSantiagoChile Advanced Mining Technology Center Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile Department of Mining Engineering Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile

As underground excavations are getting deeper and field stresses increase, the behavior of intact rock blocks plays an increasingly important role in understanding and estimating the overall rock mass strength. To model the brittle behavior of intact rock blocks, the stress–strain curve is usually idealized considering a linear strength mobilization approach(cohesion-weakening-friction-strengthening, CWFS),however, it is well recognized that rock presents a nonlinear behavior in terms of the confining stress.This study extends the strength mobilization in brittle failure of rock using nonlinear criteria. To determine the model parameters, a standard statistical method that uses the complete laboratory stress–strain curves of the intact rock is employed. Several hypotheses of linear and nonlinear models are statistically compared for different types of rock and confining stress levels. Results demonstrate that the best approach to model the brittle failure of rock is to consider a nonlinear strength envelope, such as the Hoek-Brown criterion assuming a residual uniaxial compressive strength different from zero and a mi parameter that increases, both with simultaneous mobilization. This model helps to recreate highconfining conditions and a more realistic transition between peak and post-peak strength. The obtained parameters are discussed and compared with literature values to verify the validity and to develop guidelines for the estimation of parameters, providing an objective mobilization criterion. Finally, the nonlinear model was applied to a finite element code and extended to a tunnel scale in the brittle rock under high-stress conditions. A reasonable fit between the simulations and the in-situ overbreak measurements was found.

关键词： Nonlinear strength Strength mobilization Brittle failure Intact rock Scaling

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Sex and habitat differences in size and coloration of an amphibian’s poison glands match differential predator pressures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 764-776页

作者： Francisco javier ZAMORA-CAMACHO Department of Phisical Chemical and Natural SystemsPablo de Olavide UniversitySevilleSpain Department of Biodiversity Ecology and EvolutionComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain

Chemical defenses are frequently accompanied by salient color patterns actively avoided by predators,a phe-nomenon referred to as aposematism.However,the production of both chemical defenses and pigments is costly,and is thus expected to be reduced under mild predator pressure.In this work,I compared the size and coloration of parotoid glands(2 dorsal,external swollen structures that secrete toxins in toads)of male and female Epidalea calamita toads from agrosystems and from pine groves.I also quantiﬁed the predator attacks received by plas-ticine toad models,whose“parotoid glands”differed in size and color conspicuousness,exposed in each habitat.Predators avoided models with large and conspicuous parotoid glands,but models in agrosystems were more of-ten attacked.Concerning actual toads,agrosystem and male individuals had larger parotoid glands,presumably implying greater production of chemical defenses than in pine grove and female conspeciﬁcs.Theseﬁndings are aligned with previous research suggesting that both agrosystem toads and males in this system are subjected to a more intense predator pressure.Difference between parotoid gland and dorsum coloration was greater in agrosys-tem toads.A marked internal pattern could function as an aposematic signal,which could counteract increased predator pressure.

关键词： anuran agrosystem aposematism Epidalea calamita plasticine model

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See how atoms dance

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National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 833-834页

作者： javier Aizpurua Center for Materials Physics (CSIC-UPV/EHU) DIPC

As for any other wave, classical light was often thought to be constrained by the diffraction limit. However, since the pioneering works in near-field microscopy,in which the evanescent components of light localized a... 详细信息

关键词： See how atoms dance

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Taxonomy-based differences in feeding guilds of fish

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 51-56页

作者： javier SANCHEZ-HERNANDEZ Departamento de Zooloxla Xenetica e Antropoloxfa FlsicaFacultade de BioloxfaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaCampus Vida s/nSantiago de CompostelaEspana

It has been taken for granted that feeding guilds and behavior in animals are linked to the taxonomic relatedness of species,but empirical evidence supporting such relationship is virtually missing.To examine the importance of taxonomy on trophic ecology,I here present the first well-resolved dietary taxonomy analysis based on feeding guilds(predation,herbivory,and filtering)among families and genera within the fish order Perciformes.Taxonomic relatedness in feeding did not vary with ecosystem dimension(marine vs.freshwater).Although predation dominates among Perciformes fishes,this study shows that in most cases taxonomic units(family or genus)are composed by species with several feeding guilds.Related species are more similar in feeding compared with species that are taxonomically more distant demonstrating that there is a greater variation of feeding guilds within families than genera.Thus,there is no consistency in feeding guilds between family-and genus-level taxonomy.This study provides empirical support for the notion that genera are more informative than families,underlining that family-level taxonomy should be avoided to infer feeding habits of fish species at finer taxonomic resolution.Thus,the choice of taxonomic resolution(family or genus level)in ecological studies is key to avoid information loss and misleading results.I conclude that high-rank taxonomic units(i.e.,above the generic level)are not appropriate to test research hypotheses about the feeding of fish.

关键词： aquatic systems clades FishBase global datasets taxonomic sufficiency trophic ecology

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Meteorological indicators of dengue epidemics in non-endemic Northwest Argentina

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 823-834页

作者： javier Armando Gutierrez Karina Laneri Juan Pablo Aparicio Gustavo javier Sibona Departamento de Física-FCE-Universidad Nacional de Salta SaltaArgentina Grupo de Física Estadística e Interdisciplinaria CONICETCentro Atòmico Bariloche-CNEASan Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional(INENCO)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Salta Av.Bolivia 51004400SaltaArgentina Simon A.Levin Mathematical Computational and Modeling Sciences Center Arizona State UniversityPO Box 871904TempeAZ85287-1904USA IFEG-CONICET and Fa.M.A.F.-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba CordobaArgentina

In the last two decades dengue cases increased significantly throughout the world,giving place to more frequent outbreaks in Latin America.In the non-endemic city of San Ramòn de la Nueva Orán,located in Northwest Argentina,large dengue outbreaks alternate with several years of smaller ones.This pattern,as well as the understanding of the underlying mechanisms,could be essential to design proper strategies to reduce epidemic size.We develop a stochastic model that includes climate variables,social structure,and mobility between a non-endemic city and an endemic area.Climatic variables were input of a mosquito population ecological model,which in turn was coupled to a meta-population,spatially explicit,epidemiological model.Human mobility was included into the model given the high border crossing to the northern country of Bolivia,where dengue transmission is sustained during the whole year.We tested different hypotheses regarding people mobility as well as climate variability by fitting numerical simulations to weekly clinical data reported from 2009 to 2016.After assessing the number of imported cases that triggered the observed outbreaks,our model allows to explain the observed epidemic pattern.We found that the number of vectors per host and the effective reproductive number are proxies for large epidemics.Both proxies are related with climate variability such as rainfall and temperature,opening the possibility to test these meteorological variables for forecast purposes.

关键词： Mathematical modelling Dengue Outbreak Mosquitoes population

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Lessons from glaucoma: rethinking the fluid-brain barriers in common neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 962-966页

作者： Francisco javier Carreras Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Granada

Glaucoma has been recently characterized as a member of the group of anoikis-related diseases. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis, can be triggered by the unfastening of adherent junctions present in astrocytes. In those areas of the central nervous system in which the soma of the neurons or their axons and dendrites are metabolically dependent on the activity of astrocytes, a derangement of the lactate shuttle caused by a separation between the plasma membranes of neurons and astrocytes would result in metabolic impairment of the neurons themselves. In glaucoma, the triggering event has been attributed to the posterior deviation of aqueous humor towards the astrocyte-rich prelaminar tissue of the optic nerve head. The mean calcium content in the aqueous is able to interfere with calcium-dependent adherent junctions and induce anoikis of the astrocytes. As the cerebrospinal fluid has a similar base calcium concentration, a shunt of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral parenchyma would be able to interfere in the astrocytic architecture with dire consequences to the metabolically dependent neurons. Here the similitude between glaucoma,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease are discussed and the concept of the break in the fluid-brain barrier, as an event separated from the blood-brain barrier, is stressed.

关键词： fluid-brain barriers blood-brain barrier cerebrospinal fluid aqueous humor calcium ion glaucoma amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease

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Endovascular treatment for early hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation: Angioplasty or stent

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第6期21卷 614-615页

作者： Mikel Gastaca javier Gomez Ignacio Terreros Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteHospital Universitario CrucesBilbaoSpain University of the Basque Country BilbaoSpain Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario San CecilioGranadaSpain Interventional Radiology Unit Hospital Universitario CrucesBilbaoSpain

To the Editor:We read with great interest the recent article by Zhu et al.[1].In the study,the authors analyzed the outcomes of 26 patients diagnosed with hepatic artery occlusion(HAO)and treated with an endovascular approach(EVT)within the first 30 days after ortho-topic liver transplantation(LT).The median interval from LT to EVT was 7 days,most patients were treated with angioplasty and only two(7.7%)needed stent placement.The authors should be congrat-ulated as they achieved a 100%of success rate with an 80.8%of 1-year survival rate.

关键词： liver artery after

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Artificial intelligence and liver transplantation:Looking for the best donor-recipient pairing

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 347-353页

作者： javier Briceno Rafael Calleja César Hervás Unit of Liver Transplantation Department of General SurgeryHospital Universitario Reina SofíaCórdobaSpain Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba(IMIBIC) CórdobaSpain Department of Computer Sciences and Numerical Analysis Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain

Decision-making based on artificial intelligence(AI)methodology is increasingly present in all areas of modern medicine.In recent years,models based on deep-learning have begun to be used in organ transplantation.Taking into account the huge number of factors and variables involved in donor-recipient(DR)matching,AI models may be well suited to improve organ allocation.AI-based models should provide two solutions:complement decision-making with current metrics based on logistic regression and improve their predictability.Hundreds of classifiers could be used to address this problem.However,not all of them are really useful for D-R pairing.Basically,in the decision to assign a given donor to a candidate in waiting list,a multitude of variables are handled,including donor,recipient,logistic and perioperative variables.Of these last two,some of them can be inferred indirectly from the team’s previous experience.Two groups of AI models have been used in the D-R matching:artificial neural networks(ANN)and random forest(RF).The former mimics the functional architecture of neurons,with input layers and output layers.The algorithms can be uni-or multi-objective.In general,ANNs can be used with large databases,where their generalizability is improved.However,they are models that are very sensitive to the quality of the databases and,in essence,they are black-box models in which all variables are important.Unfortunately,these models do not allow to know safely the weight of each variable.On the other hand,RF builds decision trees and works well with small cohorts.In addition,they can select top variables as with logistic regression.However,they are not useful with large databases,due to the extreme number of decision trees that they would generate,making them impractical.Both ANN and RF allow a successful donor allocation in over 80%of D-R pairing,a number much higher than that obtained with the best statistical metrics such as model for end-stage liver disease,balance of risk score,and survival outcomes following liver tra

关键词： Donor-recipient matching Artificial intelligence Deep learning Artificial neural networks Random forest Liver transplantation outcome

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