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Development and postnatal neurogenesis in the retina: a comparison between altricial and precocial bird species

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neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 16-20页

作者： Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez Yolanda Gañán Jorge Solana-Fajardo Gervasio martín-Partido Joaquín Rodríguez-León javier Francisco-Morcillo Área de Biología Celular Departamento de AnatomíaBiología Celular y ZoologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain Área de Anatomía Humana Departamento de AnatomíaBiología Celular y ZoologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain Servicio de Oftalmología Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de BadajozBadajozSpain

The visual system is affected by neurodegenerative diseases caused by the degeneration of specific retinal neurons,the leading cause of irreversible blindness in humans.Throughout vertebrate phylogeny,the retina has two kinds of specialized niches of constitutive neurogenesis:the retinal progenitors located in the circumferential marginal zone and Müller glia.The proliferative activity in the retinal progenitors located in the circumferential marginal zone in precocial birds such as the chicken,the commonest bird model used in developmental and regenerative studies,is very low.This region adds only a few retinal cells to the peripheral edge of the retina during several months after hatching,but does not seem to be involved in retinal regeneration.Müller cells in the chicken retina are not proliferative under physiological conditions,but after acute damage some of them undergo a reprogramming event,dedifferentiating into retinal stem cells and generating new retinal neurons.Therefore,regenerative response after injury occurs with low efficiency in the precocial avian retina.In contrast,it has recently been shown that neurogenesis is intense in the retina of altricial birds at hatching.In particular,abundant proliferative activity is detected both in the circumferential marginal zone and in the outer half of the inner nuclear layer.Therefore,stem cell niches are very active in the retina of altricial birds.Although more extensive research is needed to assess the potential of proliferating cells in the adult retina of altricial birds,it emerges as an attractive model for studying different aspects of neurogenesis and neural regeneration in vertebrates.

关键词： altricial birds circumferential marginal zone Müller glia postnatal neurogenesis precocial regeneration retinogenesis

Regeneration patterns in Mexican pine-oak forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 384-395页

作者： Teresa Alfaro Reyna Jordi martínez-Vilalta javier Retana CREAF E-08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain

Background: Global change is causing an increase in the incidence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forests, which frequently interact synergistically and promote changes in forest structure, composition and functioning. In this study we evaluate the regeneration of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in pure and mixed stands in Mexico to determine if current regeneration patterns are indicative of changes in the relative dominance of these two tree families, as observed in other temperate regions. We also identify the environmental factors that determine the regeneration patterns of Pinaceae and Fagaceae species in these forests.Results: We use data from two consecutive surveys of the national Inventory of Forests and Soils of Mexico(InFyS),obtained in 2004–2009 and 2009–2014. Our results show that the spatial patterns of regeneration are affected by forest structure, by climate, by the type and intensity of disturbances and by land tenure. Importantly, the presence and abundance of Fagaceae regeneration is generally higher than that of Pinaceae, and tends to be favoured(relative to Pinaceae) under warmer climates and by the presence of wildfires.Conclusions: The higher regeneration of Fagaceae relative to Pinaceae under warmer and fire-prone conditions could have important impacts on the composition and functioning of Mexican temperate forests under ongoing climate change, as well as affect their resilience to future disturbances.

关键词： Fagaceae Forest dynamics Forest inventory Mexico Pinaceae Regeneration Temperate forests

MMALE—A Methodology for Malware Analysis in Linux Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1447-1469页

作者： Joséjavier de Vicente Mohino javier Bermejo Higuera Juan Ramón Bermejo Higuera Juan Antonio Sicilia Montalvo Manuel Sánchez Rubio Joséjavier martínez Herraiz Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología Universidad Internacional de La RiojaLogroño26006La RiojaSpain Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación de la Escuela Politécnica Superior Universidad de Alcaláde HenaresAlcaláde HenaresMadridSpain

In a computer environment,an operating system is prone to malware,and even the Linux operating system is not an exception.In recent years,malware has evolved,and attackers have become more qualified compared to a few years ago.Furthermore,Linux-based systems have become more attractive to cybercriminals because of the increasing use of the Linux operating system in web servers and Internet of Things(IoT)devices.Windows is the most employed OS,so most of the research efforts have been focused on its malware protection rather than on other operating systems.As a result,hundreds of research articles,documents,and methodologies dedicated to malware analysis have been reported.However,there has not been much literature concerning Linux security and protection from malware.To address all these new challenges,it is necessary to develop a methodology that can standardize the required steps to perform the malware analysis in depth.A systematic analysis process makes the difference between good and ordinary malware analyses.Additionally,a deep malware comprehension can yield a faster and much more efficient malware eradication.In order to address all mentioned challenges,this article proposed a methodology for malware analysis in the Linux operating system,which is a traditionally overlooked field compared to the other operating systems.The proposed methodology is tested by a specific Linux malware,and the obtained test results have high effectiveness in malware detection.

关键词： Malware analysis methodology analysis Linux malware IoT malware

Influence of Livestock Soil Eutrophication on Floral Composition in the Pyrenees Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第1期5卷 63-72页

作者： BADíA David martí Clara SánCHEZ José Ramón FILLAT Federico AGUIRRE javier GóMEZ Daniel High School of Agricultural Engineering E-22071 HuescaSpain Pyreneean Institut of Ecology CSICE-22700 JacaSpain

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were (i) to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and (ii) to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients (nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium),total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured. Plant chemical contents (protein,lignin and others) were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers. nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrient concentration into

关键词：超营养作用家禽土壤比利牛斯山脉

Above-average defocus curves in photopic and mesopic vision with multifocal intraocular lenses after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第10期10卷 1620-1623页

作者： Joaquín Fernández Manuel Rodríguez-Vallejo javier martínez Ana Tauste David P Pi?ero Department of Ophthalmology(Qvision) Vithas Virgen del Mar Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Torrecárdenas Hospital Complex Department of Optics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of Alicante Department of Ophthalmology(Oftalmar) Vithas Medimar International Hospital

I am Dr. David P Pifiero from the Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy of the University of Alicante and from the Department of Ophthalmology of Vithas Medimar （Oftalmar） and Vithas Virgen del Carmen （Qv... 详细信息

关键词： Figure LASIK Above-average defocus curves in photopic and mesopic vision with multifocal intraocular lenses after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis IOL

Modelling the probability of erroneous negative lymph node staging in patients with colon cancer

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 293-302页

作者： Carlos Fortea-Sanchis Erica Forcadell-Comes David martínez-Ramos javier Escrig-Sos Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryConsorci Hospitalari Provincial de CastellóCastellóSpain Oropesa Health Center Carrer de Torreblanca1412594 OropesaCastellóSpain Department of Surgery Hospital General de CastellóCastellóSpain

Background:Patients in who with insufficient number of analysed lymph nodes(Lns)are more likely to receive an incorrect Ln staging.The ability to calculate the overall probability of undiagnosed Ln involvement errors in these patients could be very useful for approximating the real patient prognosis and for giving possible indications for adjuvant treatments.The objective of this work was to establish the predictive capacity and prognostic discriminative ability of the final error probability(FEP)among patients with colon cancer and with a potentially incorrectly-staged Ln-negative disease.Methods:This was a retrospective multicentric population study carried out between January 2004 and December 2007.We used a mathematical model based on Bayes’theorem to calculate the probability of Ln involvement given a FEP test result.Cumulative sum graphs were used to calculate risk groups and the survival rates were calculated,by month,using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 548 patients were analysed and classified into three risk groups according to their FEP score:low-risk(FEPntermediate-risk(FEP 2%-15%),and high-risk(FEP>15%).Patients with Ln involvement had the lowest overall survival rate when compared to the three risk groups.This difference was statistically significant for the low-and intermediate-risk groups(P=0.002 and P=0.004,respectively),but high-risk group presented similar survival curves to pn+group(P=0.505).In terms of disease-free survival,the high-risk group presented similar curves to the intermediate-risk group until approximately 60 months’follow-up(P=0.906).After 80 months’follow-up,the curve of high-risk group coincided with that of the pn+group(P=0.172).Finally,we summarized the FEP according to the number of analysed Lns and accompanied by a contour plot which represents its calculation graphically.Conclusions:The application of Bayes’theorem in the calculation of FEP is useful to delimit risk subgroups from among patients without Ln involvement.

关键词： Colon cancer Lymph node staging Bayes’theorem Final error probability Prognosis

Polymorphisms in oxidative pathway related genes and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8300-8307页

作者： nezha Senhaji Sellama nadifi Younes Zaid Aurora Serrano Daniel Arturo Leon Rodriguez nadia Serbati Mehdi Karkouri Wafaa Badre javier martín Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of CasablancaHassanⅡUniversity Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-neyra Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Department of Pathology CHU Ibn Rochd Department of Gastroenterology CHU Ibn Rochd

AIM To investigate whether common variants in the oxidative pathway genes influence inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) risk among Moroccan patients. METHODS The distribution of(TAAA)n_rs12720460 and(CCTTT)n_rs3833912 nOS2 A microsatellite repeats, HIF-1 A_rs11549467 and nFKB1-94 ins/delA TTG_rs28362491 was analyzed in 507 subjects grouped in 199 IBD and 308 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed withpolymerase chain reaction-fluorescent method and the TaqMan~? allelic discrimination technology.RESULTS The allele and genotype frequencies of HIF1 A_ rs11549467, nFKB1_rs28362491 and nOS2 A_(TAAA)n did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Analysis of nOS2 A_(CCTTT)n markers evidenced differences between patients and healthy controls. A preferential presence of the(CCTTT)8(P = 0.02; OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.07-2.74),(CCTTT)14(P = 0.02; OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.06-2.76) alleles in IBD,(CCTTT)8(P = 0.008; OR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.17-3.23) in CD and(CCTTT)7(P = 0.009; OR = 7.61, 95%CI: 1.25-46.08),(CCTTT)11(P = 0.05; OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.25-1.01),(CCTTT)14(P = 0.02; OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.07-3.94),(CCTTT)15(P = 0.01; OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.16-4.35) repeats in UC patients indicated its possible association with higher disease risk which need to be confirmed in a larger sample size. COnCLUSIOn Our results suggest that the nOS2 A_(CCTTT)n gene variations may influence IBD susceptibility in the Moroccan population.

关键词： HIF1A nFKB1 nOS2A Inflammatory bowel disease Moroccan patients

Watch and wait approach in rectal cancer:Current controversies and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第29期26卷 4218-4239页

作者： Fernando López-Campos Margarita martín-martín Roberto Fornell-Pérez Juan Carlos García-Pérez javier Die-Trill Raquel Fuentes-Mateos Sergio López-Durán JoséDomínguez-Rullán Reyes Ferreiro AlejandroRiquelme-Oliveira Asunción Hervás-Morón Felipe Couñago Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Radiology Hospital Universitario de BasurtoBilbao 48013VizcayaSpain Department of Surgery Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital Universitario Ramón y CajalMadrid 28034Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Infanta CristinaMadrid 28034Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital Universitario QuirónsaludMadrid 28003Spain Department of Radiation Oncology Hospital La LuzMadrid 28003Spain Universidad Europea de Madrid(UEM) Madrid 28223Spain

According to the main international clinical guidelines,the recommended treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.However,doubts have been raised about the appropriate definition of clinical complete response(cCR)after neoadjuvant therapy and the role of surgery in patients who achieve a cCR.Surgical resection is associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life(QoL),which is especially relevant given the favourable prognosis in this patient subset. Accordingly, therehas been a growing interest in alternative approaches with less morbidity,including the organ-preserving watch and wait strategy, in which surgery isomitted in patients who have achieved a cCR. These patients are managed with aspecific follow-up protocol to ensure adequate cancer control, including the earlyidentification of recurrent disease. However, there are several open questionsabout this strategy, including patient selection, the clinical and radiologicalcriteria to accurately determine cCR, the duration of neoadjuvant treatment, therole of dose intensification (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy), optimal followupprotocols, and the future perspectives of this approach. In the present review,we summarize the available evidence on the watch and wait strategy in thisclinical scenario, including ongoing clinical trials, QoL in these patients, and thecontroversies surrounding this treatment approach.

关键词： Watch and wait Rectal cancer Clinical complete response Organ preservation Dose intensification

Prevention of de novo HBV infection by the presence of anti-HBs in transplanted patients receiving core antibody-positive livers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第13期12卷 2070-2074页

作者： Rafael Barcena Gloria Moraleda javier Moreno M Dolores martín Emilio de Vicente Jesús nuo M Luisa Mateos Santos del Campo Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Ramón y Cajal Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AlcaláCtra. Colmenar Km 9.128034 MadridSpain Digestive Diseases Hospital Universitario La Paz 28034 MadridSpain Department of Surgery Hospital Ramón y Cajal Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Alcalá28034 MadridSpain Department of Microbiology Hospital Ramón y Cajal Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Alcalá28034 MadridSpain

瞄准：分析在肝的 anti-HBs 的存在是否移植接受者在阻止 HBV 感染是有效的。方法：23 个病人收到 anti-HBc 积极的肝被学习。九个接受者是由于以前的 HBV 感染积极的 anti-HBc。他们，一个人也收到了在肝前移植时期期间疫苗的 HBV。十... 详细信息

瞄准：分析在肝的 anti-HBs 的存在是否移植接受者在阻止 HBV 感染是有效的。方法：23 个病人收到 anti-HBc 积极的肝被学习。九个接受者是由于以前的 HBV 感染积极的 anti-HBc。他们，一个人也收到了在肝前移植时期期间疫苗的 HBV。十四个接受者是由于在预先移植经期期间管理的 HBV 疫苗积极的 anti-HBs。肝活体检视在 10/14 anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs 被获得积极接受者并且在 4/9 anti-HBc 积极接受者。结果：在 46 个月的一个吝啬的后续时期以后，有保护的浆液 anti-HBs 层次的 1 个接受者作为有免疫力的逃跑 HBV 异种的后果得了 de novo HBV 感染。在 14 之中种牛痘的 anti-HBc negative/anti-HBs 积极接受者，有可得到的肝活体检视(10%) 的 1/10 病人在 13 瞬间有肝 HBV-DnA 没有浆液的肝以后的移植病毒的标记并且没得 de novo HBV 感染。种牛痘的 anti-HBc 没有 HBV 疫苗的反应的积极接受者是在浆液和肝积极的 HBV-DnA，病毒的 DnA 在下列测试是连续地否定的，自发的 seroconversion 因此被诊断。结论：由于 HBV 疫苗或过去的 HBV 感染的 anti-HBs 的存在似乎在保护从 anti-HBc 收到肝的病人有效积极施主。然而，有免疫力的逃跑 HBV 异种的出现，能躲避 anti-HBs 保护，应该被看作 HBV 感染的风险。

关键词：乙型肝炎肝移植病毒转染保护作用