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Alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols might be responsible for potent antiarthritic effect of Solanum nigrum

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第5期39卷 632-641页

作者： Alamgeer Shanila akhter Ambreen Malik Uttra Umme Habiba Hasan Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weight, hematologic parameters, radiographic and histopathoOBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo antiarthritic potential of Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum). METHODS: Aqueous methanolic (70∶30) extract of S. nigrum was prepared. The in vitro antiarthritic effect was evaluated in terms of its inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization. While, formaldehyde, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Collagen induced arthritis rat models were used to study in vivo antiarthritic activities of S. nigrum at dose level of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. RESULTS: The extract exhibited inhibition of protein denaturation and protected red blood cell by stabilizing the membranes in a concentration dependent manner, with maximum effect attained at 800 μg/mL. Moreover, there was a marked reduction in paw edema observed in extract treated animals, when compared to arthritic control animals in all in vivo models and 800 mg/kg dose got maximum reduction of paw edema. In CFA and collagen models, plant extract restored body weigh

关键词： Arthritis Solanum nigrum Protein denaturation Formaldehyde Freund's adjuvant Collagen

Time-Dependent Cylindrical and Spherical Solitary Structures and Double Layers of Dust Ion-Acoustic Waves in Ultra-Relativistic Dense Plasma

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2013年第6期59卷 745-750页

作者： T.akhter M.M.Hossain A.A.Mamun Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University

Cylindrical and spherical (nonplanar) solitary waves (SWs) and double layers (DLs) in a multi-ion plasma system (containing inertial positively as well as negatively charged ions, non-inertial degenerate electrons, and negatively charged static dust) are studied by employing the standard reductive perturbation method. The modified Gardner (MG) equation describing the nonlinear propagation of the dust ion-acoustic (DIA) waves is derived, and its nonplanar SWs and DLs solutions are numerically analyzed. The parametric regimes for the existence of SWs, which are associated with both positive and negative potential, and DLs which are associated with negative potential, are obtained. The basic features of nonplanar DIA SWs, and DLs, which are found to be different from planar ones, are also identified.

关键词： solitary waves double layers ultra-relativistic dense plasma dust ion acoustic waves Gardnerequation

Crystallization Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Zr_(65)Cu_(18)Ni_9Al_8 Bulk Metallic Glass

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2007年第5期23卷 693-696页

作者： M.Iqbal J.I.akhter Haifeng ZHANG Zhuangqi HU Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

Designing and synthesis of cost effective bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） has been of considerable interest during the last decade so that they can be made commercially viable. Among these, Zr-based BMGs have been reported extensively due to their attractive properties, An alloy having composition Zr65Cu18Ni9A18 was designed and synthesized using 2-3 N pure materials by Cu mould casting. The alloy was characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Thermal parameters like supercooled liquid region △Tx, reduced glass transition temperature Trg, γ and δ parameters were evaluated. Mechanical properties like microhardness, nanohardness, elastic modulus and fracture strength were measured. The alloy showed wide supercooled liquid region of 129＋1 K with improved thermal stability. The alloy has considerable fracture strength along with fair amount of ductility.

关键词： Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys Mechanical properties Glass-forming ability Thermal parameters

Preparation and Characterization of Boron Thin Film on Iron Substrate

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2007年第4期23卷 481-486页

作者： Ishrat REHANA D.Muhammad S.Ahmed J.I.akhter Central Analytical Facility Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology NiloreIslamabadPakistan Physics Radiation Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology NiloreIslamabadPakistan

The adherent thermal layering was undertaken by chemical vapor deposition （CVD） method using saturated solution of boric acid in ultra pure CH3OH. The influence of temperature was studied by varying temperature from 100 to 600℃ during the process of boron deposition. The most optimum temperature was found to be 200℃. The effect of time span was observed from 6 to 120 h. The generation of micro or nano-scale thickness could be achieved by reducing time span of the experiment. The behavior of CVD was characterized by using scanning electron microscope, absorbance spectrohotometer and atomic emission spectrograph.

关键词： Boron Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Atomic emission spectrograph (AES) Absorbance spectrophotometer Thin film

Performance of Islamic and conventional stock indices:empirical evidence from an emerging economy

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Financial Innovation 2015年第1期1卷 229-245页

作者： Md Ejaz Rana Waheed akhter Center of Islamic Finance Department of Management SciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyLahorePakistan

Background:This study aims to investigate the extent to which the conditional volatilities of both Shari’ah compliant stock and conventional stock are related to those of interest rate and exchange rate in the emerging economy of ***:We used KMI 30 and KSE 100 indices for Islamic and conventional stock for the period of July 2008 to November *** employed Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic in the mean(GARCH-M)*** framework relaxes constancy assumption of classical linear regression(CLRM)model and allows exchange rate and interest rate volatility to evolve over *** GARCHM framework also reveals results about risk-return trade-off in the context of both Islamic and conventional stock ***:The findings show positive and statistically significant effect of interest rate volatility on KSE-100,whereas KMI-30 remains unaffected by the *** rate volatility is found to be significant for both conventional and Islamic *** relationship of risk coefficient(γ)and stocks returns,as expected,is positive and statistically significant for both KMI-30 and *** result is consistent with the theory of risk-return *** results of parametric t-test show significant difference between returns of both *** implies that Shari’ah compliant stock index(KMI-30)of Pakistan underperforms its conventional ***:By using different performance measures(Sharp ratio,Jensen alpha,Treynor ratio),this study also investigates the hypothesis that Islamic stock index has inferior performance compared with unscreened conventional counterparts due to availability of a smaller investment universe,increased monitoring costs,and limited diversification.

关键词： KMI-30 KSE-100 Index Shari’ah Exchange rate volatility Interest rate volatility Stock Performance etc

Investigation of fractured rock aquifer in South China using electrical resistivity tomography and self-potential methods

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 850-869页

作者： Muhammad HASAN SHANG Yan-jun JIN Wei-jun Gulraiz akhter Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutions of Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University

Assessment of fractured rock aquifers in many parts of the world is complicated given their strong heterogeneity. Delineation of the subsurface geological formation in the weathered terrain is essential for groundwater exploration. To achieve this goal, 2D electrical resistivity tomography(ERT) and self-potential(SP) in combination with joint profile method(JPM) and boreholes have been carried out to delineate the subsurface geological units, detect the fracture/fault zones in hard rock, monitor the groundwater flow, and estimate the groundwater reserves contained within the weathered terrain at a complex heterogeneous site of Huangbu, South Guangdong of China. The integration of resistivity images with the borehole lithology along three profiles delineates three subsurface distinct layers namely topsoil cover, weathered and unweathered layers. The incorporation of ERT and SP with JPM reveal five fractures/faults, i.e., F_1, F_2, F_3, F_4 and F_5. 2D ERT models interpret the less resistive anomalies as the fractures/faults zones, and high resistive anomalies as the fresh bedrock. The inversion program based on the smoothness-constraint is used on the resistivity field data to get more realistic three layered model. SP measurements are obtained along the same electrical profiles which provide the negative anomalies clearly indicating the groundwater preferential flow pathways along the fracture/fault zones. Hydraulic parameters namely hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity were determined to estimate the groundwater resources contained within the fractures/faults. The integrated results suggest that the fractures/faults zones are most appropriate places of drilling for groundwater exploration in the investigated area. Geophysical methods coupled with the upfront borehole data provides better understanding about the conceptual model of the subsurface geological formations. The current investigation demonstrates the importance of the integrated geophysical methods a

关键词： Electrical resistivity tomography Self-potential Groundwater flow Hard rock Heterogeneity Hydraulic parameters

Religiosity and bank earnings management:Revisiting international evidence

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2023年第2期16卷 118-137页

作者： Tanzina akhter Abul Kalam Azad Department of Marketing University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Business and Technology Management Islamic University of TechnologyBoard BazarGazipur 1704Bangladesh

The modernization theory forecasts a sharp declining effect of institutionalized religion on human behavior owing to the extensive economic ***,this prediction is rejected and proved that religious values and beliefs have a pervasive influence on individual *** on this salient evidence,we examine the influence of religious social norms on bank earnings management behavior with regard to ongoing economic *** use 20,715 bank-year observations from 1318 listed banks of eight geographical ***,further,employ an updated dataset of 2007-2021 to resemble the economic prosperity time *** study discards the prediction of the modernization theory and reveals that banks located in countries with high religiosity are less likely to manage their reported *** comparing conventional banks with Islamic ones,conventional banks are found to be less prone to the earnings management practice than that of their Islamic *** also find religiosity to have a greater magnitude of effect on the accounting manipulation in the crisis period than in the post-crisis *** cross-regional differences in religious values bring differential effects on this unethical *** results are robust with the alternative measures of earnings management and alternative model specifications.

关键词： Religiosity Earnings management Economic development Banking

New Bi-metallic Single Source Precursors for the Deposition of Thin Films of Semiconductor Ceramics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2007年第2期23卷 196-200页

作者： U.Salma M.Mazhar J.I.akhter Z.Ali Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologyP.O.NiloreIslamabadPakistan

Stable binary single source precursors （SSP） for the deposition of thin films of ceramic semiconductors of composition SnO·GeO were synthesized by close circuit chemical vapour deposition （CCCVD） method. Elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the precursors. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） were employed to characterize the thin films. Resistivity measurements were conducted to show that the films are of semiconducting nature.

关键词： Single source precursors CCCVD Organotin carboxylates

Spatiotemporal variation and mechanisms of temperature inversion in the Bay of Bengal and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第4期41卷 23-39页

作者： K M Azam Chowdhury Wensheng Jiang Guimei Liu Md Kawser Ahmed Shaila akhter College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China KeyLab of Marine Environment and Ecology of Ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Oceanography&International Centre for Ocean Governance(ICOG) University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China

In the northern Bay of Bengal,the existence of intense temperature inversion during winter is a widely accepted ***,occurrences of temperature inversion during other seasons and the spatial distribution within and adjacent to the Bay of Bengal are not well *** this study,a higher resolution spatiotemporal variation of temperature inversion and its mechanisms are examined with mixed layer heat and salt budget analysis utilizing long-term Argo(2004 to 2020)and RAMA(2007 to 2020)profiles data in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean(EEIO).Temperature inversion exists(17.5%of the total 39293 Argo and 51.6%of the 28894 RAMA profiles)throughout the year in the entire study *** shows strong seasonal variation,with the highest occurrences in winter and the lowest in *** winter inversion in the northern Bay of Bengal,two other regions with frequent temperature inversion are identified in this study for the first time:the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal and the eastern part of the EEIO during summer and *** processes of temperature inversion for different subregions are revealed in the current *** of heat(mean~25 W/m;)below the haline-stratified shallow mixed layer leads to a relatively warmer subsurface layer along with the simultaneous cooling tendency in mixed layer,which controls more occurrence of temperature inversion in the northern Bay of Bengal throughout the *** lower cooling tendency due to net surface heat loss and higher mixed layer salinity leaves the southern part of the bay less supportive to the formation of temperature inversion than the northern *** the EEIO,slightly cooling tendency in the mixed layer along with the subduction of warm-salty Arabian Sea water beneath the cold-fresher Bay of Bengal water,and downwelling of thermocline creates a favorable environment for forming temperature inversion mainly during summer and *** isothermal layer

关键词： temperature inversion Bay of Bengal Argo and RAMA data intrusion of the Arabian Sea water eastern equatorial Indian Ocean penetrative heat below mixed layer depth