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Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-jasper Water & Sewer Authority in Okatie, South Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： Tricia h. Kilgore Shubhashini Oza Jeremy hatfield Katherine Y. Bell Department of Technology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of the national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, though the extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, the contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters that supply drinking water treatment plants has been documented by some communities. In the United States (US), among the top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of the influent flow to the drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, the full extent of de facto reuse in the US may be much higher because of population growth. The scenario is no different for Beaufort-jasper Water and Sewer Authority (BJWSA) in South Carolina, US, with contributions to the Savannah River originating from numerous WRRF and other upstream dischargers. South Carolina coastal utilities such as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and challenges. Currently, South Carolina does not have a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions have started among the regulated community. In addition to understanding the extent of de facto reuse, the state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources challenges. Such guidance should address human health risk management and technical considerations regarding treatment in addition to other factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. This study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah River, and observed that de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow months and is within the range generally observed nationwide. When coupled with evidence that planned potable reuse can improve human h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recycling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

Pattern of Stroke Admissions, Radiodiagnostic Compliance, and Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary hospital, South-South, nigeria

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第9期12卷 401-412页

作者： Abiodun Oyinpreye jasper Joyce Ikubor Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara Nigeria Department of Radiology Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara Nigeria

Background: Stroke patients form an integral part of patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU);and may need airway maintenance, supplemental oxygen and even endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation. Method: In this retrospective study, the medical records and radiological investigations of the patients were assessed. Also, their socio-demographics, and clinical diagnosis and background co-morbidities were noted. The radiological diagnosis post CT was used to determine the type of stroke for those compliant;while clinical assessment alone was used to determine the diagnosis in those who did not do CT. They were also classified into 2 groups: those requiring mechanical ventilation (for ICU care) and those without the need for mechanical ventilation (for high dependency Unit (hDU) care). The eventual clinical outcome was noted. Result: A total of eighty-eight cases, 67% (n = 59) were males and 33% (n = 29) females. 89.8% (n = 79) had hypertension, 3.4% (n = 3) had diabetes while 6.8% (n = 6) had both hypertension and diabetes. Of the hypertensives, 36.7% (n = 29) had hemorrhagic stroke and 66.3% (n = 50) had ischaemic stroke. 53.3% (n = 46) patients had high dependency Unit (hDU care while 47.7% (n = 42) were mechanically ventilated. Of the number in hDU, 51.5% (n = 17) were haemorrhagic, while 52.7% (n = 29) were ischaemic. Clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke was done in 55 (62.5%) and hemorrhagic stroke in 37.5% (n = 33). Of the lot, only 19.3% (n = 17) of them did CT and 80.7% (n = 71) did not have CT done. none did MRI. Late presentation (beyond 24 hrs) was a common feature for most of the patients, for whom immediate cardio-respiratory support became necessary. Overall mortality rate was 62.5% (n = 55). 39.1% (n = 18) of the hDU (46) patients died, while 88.1% (n = 37) of the ventilated (42) patients died. 56.6% (n = 26) were discharged from the hDU and 4.3% (n = 2) referred to another facility. Of the 42 patients on mechanical ventilation 8

关键词： Ischaemic Stroke hemorrhage Stroke CT Scan MRI Late Presentation Intensive Care Management Poor Outcome Comprehensive health Insurance

Peptidic defective interfering gene nanoparticles against Omicron,Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza A virus in vivo

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第9期7卷 3484-3493页

作者： hanjun Zhao Chuyuan Zhang hoiyan Lam Xinjie Meng Zheng Peng Man Lung Yeung jasper Fuk-Woo Chan Kelvin Kai-Wang To Kwok-Yung Yuen State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Microbiology School of Clinical MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Centre for Virology Vaccinology and TherapeuticsHong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Carol Yu Centre for Infection The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Guangzhou Laboratory GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Defective interfering genes(DIGs)are short viral genomes and interfere with wild-type viral ***,we demonstrate that the new designed SARS-CoV-2 DIG(CD3600)can significantly inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 including Alpha,Delta,Kappa and Omicron variants in human hK-2 cells and influenza DIG(PAD4)can significantly inhibit influenza virus replication in human A549 *** dose of influenza DIGs prophylactically protects 90%mice from lethal challenge of A(h1n1)pdm09 virus and CD3600 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in hamster lungs when DIGs are administrated to lungs one day before viral *** further investigate the gene delivery vector in the respiratory tract,a peptidic TAT2-P1&LAh4,which can package genes to form small spherical nanoparticles with high endosomal escape ability,is demonstrated to dramatically increase gene expression in the lung ***2-P1&LAh4,with the dual-functional TAT2-P1(gene-delivery and antiviral),can deliver CD3600 to significantly inhibit the replication of Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 in hamster *** peptide-based nanoparticle system can effectively transfect genes in lungs and deliver DIGs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza virus in vivo,which provides the new insight into the drug delivery system for gene therapy against respiratory viruses.

关键词： influenza vivo Delta

Trade-offs between prosperity and urban land per capita in major world cities

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 134-138页

作者： Vita Bakker Peter h.Verburg jasper van Vliet Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10851081HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Globally,urban land expands at a faster rate than the corresponding urban population,which comes at a cost of agricultural and natural *** has been identified as an underlying driver of this trend,but it is unclear whether more prosperous cities inevitably have a greater urban land ***,we map urban pros-perity indicators to their relevant Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 64 major world cities and relate these to the corresponding urban land consumption(defined here as built-up land per capita).Results indicate a moderately-weak but significant correlation between overall prosperity and urban land consumption(Spear-man’s correlation,𝜌ρ=0.47,png a trade-offbetween *** addition,we find a regional clustering,with for example cities with relatively low prosperity and low urban land consumption in Africa,and cities with high prosperity and low-to-medium urban land consumption in *** moderately-weak correlation in combination with these regional differences suggests that the observed trade-offis avertable and that other drivers moderate this ***,cities can increase their prosperity without additional environmental consequences entailing land take and the conversion of natural and agricultural land.

关键词： Urban land consumption Population density Urban development Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Trade-offs

Management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis during endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke:results from the MR CLEAn Registry

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2023年第3期8卷 229-237,I0074-I0085页

作者： Sabine L Collette Michael P Rodgers Marianne A A van Walderveen Kars C J Compagne Paul J nederkoorn Jeannette hofmeijer jasper M Martens Gert J de Borst Gert Jan R Luijckx Charles B L M Majoie Aad van der Lugt Reinoud P h Bokkers Maarten Uyttenboogaart University Medical Centre Groningen University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Leiden University Medical Centre LeidenThe Netherlands Erasmus MC University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam University Medical Centres University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Rijnstate hospital ArnhemThe Netherlands University Medical Centre Utrecht University of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands

Background The optimal management of ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis during endovascular treatment(EVT)is *** compared the outcomes of two different strategies:EVT with vs without carotid artery stenting(CAS).Methods In this observational study,we included patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke undergoing EVT and a concomitant ipsilateral extracranial ICA stenosis of≥50%or occlusion of presumed atherosclerotic origin,from the Dutch Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the netherlands(MR CLEAn)Registry(2014-2017).The primary endpoint was a good functional outcome at 90 days,defined as a modified Rankin Scale score≤*** endpoints were successful intracranial reperfusion,new clot in a different vascular territory,symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage,recurrent ischaemic stroke and any serious adverse *** Of the 433 included patients,169(39%)underwent EVT with *** 123/168(73%)patients,CAS was performed before intracranial *** 42/224(19%)patients who underwent EVT without CAS,a deferred carotid endarterectomy or CAS was *** with and without CAS were associated with similar proportions of good functional outcome(47%vs 42%,respectively;adjusted OR(aOR),0.90;95%CI,0.50 to 1.62).There were no major differences between the groups in any of the secondary endpoints,except for the increased odds of a new clot in a different vascular territory in the EVT with CAS group(aOR,2.96;95%CI,1.07 to 8.21).Conclusions Functional outcomes were comparable after EVT with and without *** during EVT might be a feasible option to treat the extracranial ICA stenosis but randomised studies are warranted to prove non-inferiority or superiority.

关键词： stenosis carotid treatment

Repeated occurrence of palaeo-wildfires during deposition of the Bahariya Formation(early Cenomanian) of Egypt

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第4期8卷 332-345页

作者： haytham El Atfy Tarek Anan Andre jasper Dieter Uhl Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento PPGADUniversidade do Vale do Taquari UnivatesLajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Senckenberg Research Institute and natural history Museum 60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Senckenberg Centre for human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment Tubingen University72076 TubingenGermany

The Upper Cretaceous(early Cenomanian)Bahariya Formation of Egypt has an outstanding reputation for its wealth of vertebrate remains,including a variety of iconic dinosaurs,like the carnivorous Spinosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus,as well as the herbivorous Aegyptosaurus and *** these dinosaur fossils,the Bahariya Formation yielded also a wealth of invertebrate and plant remains,but even today many aspects concerning the continental palaeoenvironments reflected in these deposits(including the occurrence of palaeo-wildfires)have not been studied in *** far six distinct macro-charcoal bearing levels could be identified within the type section of the Bahariya Formation at Gabal El Dist profile,one of the most prolific outcrops of this formation in terms of fossil occurrence located in the north of the Bahariya Oasis,Western Desert,*** of the charcoal investigated by means of SEM originates from ferns,pointing to a considerable proportion of this plant group within the palaeo-ecosystems that experienced *** and(putative)angiosperms have less frequently been *** collected data present evidence that the landscapes at the northern shores of Gondwana repeatedly experienced palaeo-wildfires,adding extra proof to previous statements that the Late Cretaceous was a fiery world on a global scale.

关键词： Bahariya Oasis Gabal El Dist Charcoal Wildfire Dinosaurs Upper Cretaceous Early Cenomanian Egypt

Latent structure of irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 292-300页

作者： Fabian jasper Boris Egloff Andrea Roalfe Michael Witthft Department of Psychological Diagnostics University of Salzburg5020 SalzburgAustria Department of Personality Psychology and Diagnostics University of Mainz55099 MainzGermany Primary Care Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Department of health Psychology University of Mannheim68161 MannheimGermany

AIM: To investigate the latent structure of an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) symptom severity scale in a population of healthy ***: The Birmingham IBS symptom questionnaire which consists of three symptom specific scales(diarrhea,constipation,pain) was evaluated by meansof structural equation *** compared the original 3-factor solution to a general factor model and a bifactor solution in a large internet sample of college students(n = 875).Statistical comparisons of competing models were conducted by means of χ2 difference *** the evaluation of model fit,we examined the comparative fit index(CFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation(RMSEA).RESULTS: Results clearly favored a bifactor model of IBS symptom severity(CFI = 0.99,RMSEA = 0.05) which consisted of a strong general IBS somatization factor and three symptom specific factors(diarrhea,constipation,pain) based on the subscales of the Birmingham IBS symptom *** fit indices of the competing one factor model(CFI = 0.85,RMSEA = 0.17) and three factor model(CFI = 0.97,RMSEA = 0.08) were clearly inferior.χ2 difference tests showed that the differences between the models were indeed significant in favor of the bifactor model(P ns of the four latent factors with measures of pain sensitivity,somatoform dissociation,fatigue severity,and demographic variables support the validity of our bifactor model of IBS specific symptom ***: The findings suggest that IBS symptom severity might best be understood as a continuous and multidimensional construct which can be reliably and validly assessed with the B-IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Bifactor Gastrointestinal

Recycling process and proto-kimberlite melt metasomatism in the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the Amazonian Craton recorded by garnet xenocrysts and mantle xenoliths from the Carolina kimberlite

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 89-105页

作者： Fernanda Gervasoni Tiago Jalowitzki Marcelo Peres Rocha Ricardo Kalikowski Weska Eduardo novais-Rodrigues Rodrigo Antonio de Freitas Rodrigues Yannick Bussweiler Elisa Soares Rocha Barbosa jasper Berndt Elton Luiz Dantas Valmir da Silva Souza Stephan Klemme Centro de Engenharias Universidade Federal de Pelotas(UFPel)PelotasBrazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Geociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade de Brasília(UnB)BrasíliaBrazil Faculdade de Geociências Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso(UFMT)CuiabáBrazil Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie Universität zu KölnGermany Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Goiás(UFG)Aparecida de GoiâniaBrazil Institut für Mineralogie Universität MünsterMünsterGermany

here we present new data on the major and trace element compositions of silicate and oxide minerals from mantle xenoliths brought to the surface by the Carolina kimberlite,Pimenta Bueno Kimberlitic Field,which is located on the southwestern border of the Amazonian *** also present Sr-nd isotopic data of garnet xenocrysts and whole-rocks from the Carolina *** xenoliths are mainly clinopyroxenites and *** of the clinopyroxenites were classified as GPP–PP–PKP(garnet-phlogopite peridotite,phlogopite-peridotite,phlogopite-K-richterite peridotite)suites,and two clinopyroxenites(eclogites)and two garnetites are relicts of an ancient subducted *** and pressure estimates yield 855–1102℃ and 3.6–7.0 GPa,*** are enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE)(La_(n)/Yb_(n)=5–62;Ce_(n)/Sm_(n)=1–3;where n=primitive mantle normalized values),they have high Ca/Al ratios(10–410),low to medium Ti/Eu ratios(742–2840),and low Zr/hf ratios(13–26),which suggest they were formed by metasomatic reactions with CO_(2)-rich silicate *** with high TiO_(2)(>2.0 wt.%),Al_(2)O_(3)(>12.0 wt.%),and FeOt(5.0–13.0 wt.%)resemble those found in the groundmass of kimberlites,lamproites and ***,phlogopite with low TiO_(2)(nd lower Al_(2)O_(3)(hose present in GPP-PP-PKP,and in MARID(mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside)and PIC(phlogopite-ilmenite-clinopyorxene)*** GPP-PP-PKP suite of xenoliths,together with the clinopyroxene and phlogopite major and trace element signatures suggests that an intense proto-kimberlite melt metasomatism occurred in the deep cratonic lithosphere beneath the Amazonian *** Sr-nd isotopic ratios of pyrope xenocrysts(G3,G9 and G11)from the Carolina kimberlite are characterized by high ^(143)nd/^(144)nd(0.51287–0.51371)and end(+4.55 to+20.85)accompanied with enriched ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(0.70405–0.71098).These results suggest intera

关键词： Carolina kimberlite K-rich mantle xenoliths Ancient subducted slab Proto-kimberlite melt metasomatism

Grain Yield and nitrogen Use Efficiency Vary with Cereal Crop Type and nitrogen Fertilizer Rate in Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 612-631页

作者： Solomon Yokamo Xiaoqiang Jiao Kanomanyanga jasper Fekadu Gurmu Mohammad Shah Jahan Rongfeng Jiang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou Hebei) China Agricultural University Beijing China Southern Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) Hawassa 06 Ethiopia Ethiopian Agricultural Research Council Secretariat (EARCS) Addis Ababa Ethiopia Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China Department of horticulture Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka Bangladesh

The crop production in Ethiopia is markedly constrained by soil nutrient depletion and limited fertilizer input. nitrogen is among the most yield-limiting factors of cereal crops, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A meta-analysis of 82 studies was carried out to evaluate the response of major cereal crops, viz. wheat, maize, barley, teff, and sorghum, to nitrogen fertilization in Ethiopia. The results showed that n-application significantly increased yields of all the five crops examined herein. The average yields of the treatment effects over controls for the five crops were 3775.8 kg∙ha−1 and 2593.3 kg∙ha−1, respectively. The overall yield response to nitrogen treatments for all the crops was 64.8% (wheat, 96.5%;maize, 40.65%;barley 84.36%;teff, 50.48%;and sorghum;23%). Overall, nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AEn) and partial factor productivity (PFPn) were 18.2 and 71.81 kg∙kg−1, respectively. A downtrend of nitrogen use efficiency with an increase in n rate was realized. The yield response was higher for the nitrogen treatment effects of >100 kg∙n∙ha−1 (123.9%), clay soils (75.46%), low initial soil organic carbon (SOC) and available phosphorous (AP) (92.4% and 101.6%), respectively, Therefore, we recommend the application of nitrogen fertilizer (>100 kg∙n∙ha−1), especially on infertile soils for improved grain yield and nUE in aforementioned cereal crops in Ethiopia and similar regions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

关键词： Cereal Crop nitrogen Rate nitrogen Use Efficiency Meta-Analysis Yield