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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin COhEN jason Blake YE Shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law Studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global *** the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical ***,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of *** results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction *** the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry ***,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious ***,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air *** results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

Natural and anthropogenic sources of lead, zinc, and nickel in sediments of Lake Izabal, Guatemala

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第10期32卷 117-126页

作者： Elisandra hernandez Jonathan Obrist-Farner Mark Brenner William F.Kenney jason h.Curtis Edward Duarte Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Department Missouri Uniuersity of Science and Technology.RollaMO 65409USA. Department of Geological Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Land Use and Enuironmental Change Institute Uniuersity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Escuela de Quimica Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala01012Guatermala

Sediments in Lake Izabal,Guatemala,contain substantial lead (Pb),zinc (Zn),and nickel (Ni).The lack of historical data for heavy metal concentrations in the sediments makes it difficult to determine the sources or evaluate whether inputs of metals to the lake have changed through *** measured the relative abundances and concentrations of Pb,Zn,and Ni by X-Ray Fluorescence core scanning and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry in three sediment cores to explore stratigraphic distributions of metals in the lake *** amounts of Pb and Zn in the core taken near the Polochic Delta suggest that galena and sphalerite mining increased Pb and Zn delivery to Lake Izabal between ~1945 and 1965 *** up-core Ni increase in the core taken near a different mine on the north shore of Lake Izabal suggests that recent nickel mining operations led to an increase in Ni concentrations in the local sediments,but amounts in the other cores indicate that Ni is not widely distributed throughout the *** cores from Lake Izabal are reliable recorders of heavy metal input to the lake,and were measured to establish background metal levels,which would otherwise be *** of Pb,Zn,and Ni in older,pre-20th-century Lake Izabal sediments reflect input from natural erosion of *** results provide previously unavailable estimates of background metal concentrations in Lake Izabal before the onset of *** results are necessary for future monitoring related to mining contamination of the lake ecosystem.

关键词： Lake Izabal heavy metals Lead contamination Anthropogenic impacts Mining Guatemala

Evaluation of TB elimination strategies in Canadian Inuit populations:Nunavut as a case study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 698-708页

作者： Elaheh Abdollahi Yoav Keynan Patrick Foucault jason Brophy holden Sheffield Seyed MMoghadas Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory York UniversityM3J 1P3TorontoOntarioCanada Department of Medical Microbiology Max Rady College of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegR3E 0T5ManitobaCanada National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases University of ManitobaWinnipegR3E 0T5ManitobaCanada Department of Family Medicine Qikiqtani General HospitalIqaluitX0A 0H0NunavutCanada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaK1N 6N5OntarioCanada Department of Paediatrics Qikiqtani General HospitalIqaluitX0A 0H0NunavutCanada

Tuberculosis(TB)continues to disproportionately affect Inuit populations in Canada with some communities having over 300 times higher rate of active TB than Canadian-born,non-Indigenous *** Tuberculosis Elimination Framework has set the goal of reducing active TB incidence by at least 50%by 2025,aiming to eliminate it by *** these goals are achievable with available resources and treatment regimens currently in practice has not been *** developed an agent-based model of TB transmission to evaluate timelines and milestones attainable in Nunavut,Canada by including case findings,contact-tracing and testing,treatment of latent TB infection(LTBI),and the government investment on housing infrastructure to reduce the average house-hold *** model was calibrated to ten years of TB incidence data,and simulated for 20 years to project program *** found that,under a range of plausible scenarios with tracing and testing of 25%e100%of frequent contacts of detected active cases,the goal of 50%reduction in annual incidence by 2025 is not *** active TB cases are identified rapidly within one week of becoming symptomatic,then the annual incidence would reduce below 100 per 100,000 population,with 50%reduction being met between 2025 and *** TB from Inuit populations would require high rates of contacttracing and would extend beyond *** findings indicate that time-to-identification of active TB is a critical factor determining program effectiveness,suggesting that investment in resources for rapid case detection is fundamental to controlling TB.

关键词： Tuberculosis Inuit populations Treatment Agent-based simulation 2000 MSC 92B05

Evidence of bisphosphonate-conjugated sitafloxacin eradication of established methicillin-resistant *** infection with osseointegration in murine models of implant-associated osteomyelitis

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Bone Research 2023年第4期11卷 751-763页

作者： Youliang Ren jason Weeks Thomas Xue Joshua Rainbolt Karen L.de Mesy Bentley Ye Shu Yuting Liu Elysia Masters Philip Cherian Charles E.McKenna Jeffrey Neighbors Frank h.Ebetino Edward M.Schwarz Shuting Sun Chao Xie Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA Department of Pathology and Center for Advanced Research Technologies University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA BioVinc LLCPasadenaCA 91107USA Department of Chemistry University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA Department of Pharmacology Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Chemistry University of RochesterRoche

Eradication of MRSA osteomyelitis requires elimination of distinct *** overcome this,we developed bisphosphonateconjugated sitafloxacin(BCS,BV600072)and hydroxybisphosphonate-conjugate sitafloxacin(hBCS,BV63072),which achieve“target-and-release”drug delivery proximal to the bone infection and have prophylactic efficacy against MRSA static biofilm in vitro and in *** we evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in a murine 1-stage exchange femoral plate model with bioluminescent MRSA(USA300LAC::lux).Osteomyelitis was confirmed by CFU on the explants and longitudinal bioluminescent imaging(BLI)after debridement and implant exchange surgery on day 7,and mice were randomized into seven groups:1)Baseline(harvested at day7,no treatment);2)hPBP(bisphosphonate control for BCS)+vancomycin;3)hPhBP(hydroxybisphosphonate control for hBCS)+vancomycin;4)vancomycin;5)sitafloxacin;6)BCS+vancomycin;and 7)hBCS+*** confirmed infection persisted in all groups except for mice treated with BCS or hBCS+*** revealed catastrophic femur fractures in all groups except mice treated with BCS or hBCS+vancomycin,which also displayed decreases in peri-implant bone loss,osteoclast numbers,and *** confirm this,we assessed the efficacy of vancomycin,sitafloxacin,and hBCS monotherapy in a transtibial implant *** results showed complete lack of vancomycin efficacy while all mice treated with hBCS had evidence of infection control,and some had evidence of osseous integrated septic implants,suggestive of biofilm *** together these studies demonstrate that hBCS adjuvant with standard of care debridement and vancomycin therapy has the potential to eradicate MRSA osteomyelitis.

关键词： implant infection overcome

Evaluation of a protocol for rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy

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World Journal of hepatology 2023年第11期15卷 1226-1236页

作者： Jessica A Ward jason Yerke Mollie Lumpkin Aanchal Kapoor Christina C Lindenmeyer Stephanie Bass Department of Pharmacy Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND Rifaximin is frequently administered to critically ill patients with liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy,but patients currently or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from studies of rifaximin *** to overlapping spectrums of activity,combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and rifaximin may be unnecessary.A pharmacist-driven protocol was piloted to reduce potentially overlapping therapy in critically ill patients with liver *** was hypothesized that withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy would be safe and reduce healthcare *** To determine the clinical,safety,and financial impact of discontinuing rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill liver *** This was a single-center,quasi-experimental,pre-post study based on a pilot pharmacist-driven *** in the protocol group were prospectively identified via the medical intensive care unit(ICU)(MICU)protocol to have rifaximin withheld during broad-spectrum antibiotic *** were compared to a historical cohort who received combination therapy with broadspectrum antibiotics and *** data were collected *** primary outcome was days alive and free of delirium and coma(DAFD)to 14 *** outcomes included MICU length of stay,48-h change in vasopressor dose,and ICU *** outcomes characterized rifaximin cost savings and protocol *** analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between group assignment and the primary outcome while controlling for potential confounding *** Each group included 32 *** median number of delirium-and coma-free days was similar in the control and protocol groups[3 interquartile range(IQR 0,8)vs 2(IQR 0,9.5),P=0.93].In multivariable analysis,group assignment was not associated with a reduced ratio of days alive and free of delirium or coma at 14 *** protocol res

关键词： Rifaximin hepatic encephalopathy Critical illness Antibiotics Liver disease Cirrhosis

Metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS) photoelectrodes: distance improves performance

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National Science Review 2021年第8期8卷 7-8页

作者： Joshua Jack Zhiyong jason Ren Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton University

hydrogen（h2） is a clean energy carrier with enormous potential to support deep decarbonization towards net-zero and a circular carbon economy. however, h2production itself can be carbon and energy intensive, as 96% of global h2synthesis is currently conducted via thermochemical processes such as steam reforming and coal gasification that rely on fossil fuels [1].

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Precision medicine in hearing loss

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第2期45卷 99-109页

作者： jason R.Rudman Christine Mei Sara E.Bressler Susan h.Blanton Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otoloryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of human Cenetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA John P. hussman Institute for human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA

Precision medicine（PM） proposes customized medical care based on a patient＇s unique genome, biomarkers, environment and behaviors. hearing loss（hL） is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is frequently caused by a single genetic mutation. With recent advances in PM tools such as genetic sequencing and data analysis, the field of hL is ideally positioned to adopt the strategies of ***, we review current and future applications of PM in hL as they relate to the four core qualities of PM（P4）： predictive, personalized, patient-centered, and participatory. We then introduce a strategy for effective incorporation of hL PM into the design of future research studies, electronic medical records,and clinical practice to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and, ultimately, individualized patient treatment. Finally, specific anticipated ethical and economic concerns in this growing era of genomics-based hL treatment are discussed. By integrating PM principles into translational hL research and clinical practice, hearing specialists are uniquely positioned to effectively treat the heterogeneous causes and manifestations of hL on an individualized basis.

关键词： Precision medicine Personalized medicine hearing loss Genetics

An overview of the American trauma system

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2018年第2期21卷 77-79页

作者： Jose M. Soto Yilu Zhang jason h. huang Dong-Xia Feng Department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott and White Medical Center Texas A&M University College of Medicine Temple. TX 76508 USA

美国损伤系统被设计提供组织回答给损害。它从象在城市的社区医院里开发的原则一样在第 20 世纪的战争从美洲参与接受的教训拉它的基础。尽管在本地、州的政府水平跑，它被国家社会指导并且成为了一个世界级例子。它当前也面对 ? 有衰... 详细信息

美国损伤系统被设计提供组织回答给损害。它从象在城市的社区医院里开发的原则一样在第 20 世纪的战争从美洲参与接受的教训拉它的基础。尽管在本地、州的政府水平跑，它被国家社会指导并且成为了一个世界级例子。它当前也面对 ? 有衰退偿还和提供的平等者的挑战存取喜欢所有美国人。职业社会和立法身体持续为这些问题的公平、公平的答案一起正在工作。

关键词：美国人系统损伤社会

Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 139-151页

作者： Ping Wang Liang Zhao jason Liu Michael D Weir Xuedong Zhou hockin h K Xu Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Mechanical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA

Tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate （CAP） biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. Three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review： nanostructured calcium phosphate cement （CPC）; nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. The interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/ morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen：（i） nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; （ii） the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; （iii） nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; （iv） combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and （v） cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. These understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.

关键词： CPC Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells stem