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Integrative Zoology 2011年第1期6卷 13-27页

作者： jason d.williams Alejandra GALLARdO Angela E.MURPHY department of Biology Hofstra UniversityHempsteadNYUSA

Parasitic isopods(family Bopyridae)and burrowing barnacles(family Trypetesidae)infesting hermit crabs were investigated from shallow subtidal collections made along the southeastern coast of Spain in 2009.A total of 713 specimens of Clibanarius erythropus(Latreille,1818)and 82 Calcinus tubularis(L.,1767)were *** shells and worm tubes inhabited by hermit crabs were collected by hand while snorkeling and were cracked to determine host species,size,sex and presence of *** species of bopyrid isopods were found on ***:the branchial parasite Bopyrissa fraiseii(Carayon,1943)and the abdominal parasite Parathelges cardonae Codreanu and Codreanu in Codreanu,*** all *** examined,Bopyrissa fraiseii was found on 0.6%of hermit crabs and *** was found on 0.3%.A redescription of *** is provided and the species is documented with light and scanning electron microscopy for the first *** Calcinus tubularis harbored parasitic isopods,but one specimen was parasitized by an unidentified rhizocephalan barnacle of the genus Septosaccus(1.2%).The burrowing barnacle Trypetesa lampas(Hancock,1849)was found associated with both hermit crab species and evidence of predation on host eggs by this barnacle is shown for the first *** lampas was found in 4.2%of the shells *** present study expands our knowledge of the parasite fauna of hermit crabs from the Mediterranean Sea and indicates that additional research is needed to determine the impact of trypetesid egg predators on hermit crab populations.

关键词： Bopyridae egg predator Isopoda parasitism Rhizocephala

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.williams department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009年第4期3卷 413-426页

作者： Pavan Kumar SOMA Patrick d.williams Y.Martin LO department of Nutrition and Food Science University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Conventionally used in the food industry as stabilizing,thickening,gelling,and suspending or dispersing agents,non-starch polysaccharides such as xanthan gum are known to improve the texture of certain frozen *** polysaccharide that has received significant attention in recent years is chitosan,a natural biopolymer derived from *** the wake of growing interest in finding ideal encapsulating agents for probiotics,non-starch polysaccharides have been *** research can be found on the effect of each individual polysaccharide,but there remains a void in the literature in terms of closely comparing the characteristics of nonstarch polysaccharides for these applications,especially when more than one biopolymer is employed.A good understanding of the tools capable of elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved is essential in ushering further development of their ***,it is this review’s intention to focus on the selection criteria of non-starch polysaccharides based on their rheological properties,resistance to harsh conditions,and ability to improve sensory quality.A variety of critical tools is also carefully examined with respect to the attainable information crucial to frozen food and microencapsulation applications.

关键词： microencapsulation xanthan galactomannan chitosan curdlan

How do molecular interactions affect fluorescence behavior of AIEgens in solution and aggregate states?

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第1期65卷 135-144页

作者： Ying Yu Hao Xing Zhicong Zhou Junkai Liu Herman H-YSung Ian d.williams Jonathan E.Halpert Zheng Zhao Ben Zhong Tang department of Chemistry the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionDepartment of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Studyand Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering School of Science and EngineeringChinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172China department of chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina AIE Institute Guangzhou Development DistrictHuangpuGuangzhou 510530China

Molecular interactions are crucial in diverse fields of protein folding,material science,nanotechnology,and life *** mounting experimental research controls luminescent behavior by adjusting molecular interactions in light-emitting materials,it remains elusive to correlate microscopic molecular interactions with macroscopic luminescent behavior ***,we synthesized three red luminogens with subtle structural variation and investigated the influence of molecular interactions on their luminescent behavior in solution and aggregate *** results indicate that strongπ-πand d-A interactions in both dilute solution(between luminogen and solvent molecules)and aggregate(between luminogens)states cause the redshift in emission,while weak interactions(e.g.,Van der Waals,C–H…π,and C–H…F interactions)enhance the quantum *** work provides a thoughtful investigation into the complicated influence of various molecular interactions on luminescent behavior.

关键词： molecular interactions fluorescence behaviors AIEgens aggregates

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Heterogeneous numerical modelling for the auto thermal reforming of crude glycerol in a fixed bed reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 261-268页

作者： jason williams Hussameldin Ibrahim Nima Karimi Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute Process Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada Environmental Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada

A mathematical model for the catalytic autothermal reforming(ATR)reaction of synthetic crude glycerol to hydrogen in a fixed bed tubular reactor(FBTR)and over an in-house developed metal oxide catalyst is presented in this *** heterogeneous model equations account for a two-phase system of solid catalyst and bulk feed ***,the ATR of crude glycerol reaction scheme and intrinsic kinetic rate model over an active,selective,and stable nickel-based catalyst were integrated in the developed ***,the model was validated using experimental data generated in our labs for the ATR of synthetic crude *** modelling results adequately described the detailed gas product composition and distribution,temperature profiles,and conversion propagation in the axial direction of the fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction temperature(773–923 K)and mass-time(12.71–158.23 g cat·min·(mol C)^(-1)).The crude glycerol conversion predicted with the model showing a close resemblance to those obtained experimentally with an average absolute deviation(AAd)of less than 8%.The maximum crude glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield were found to be 92%and 3 mol hydrogen/mol crude glycerol,***,the gas product concentration profile in the reactor was adequately described(90%)accuracy with a hydrogen concentration of 39%(volume).

关键词： Hydrogen crude glycerol Autothermal reforming Numerical analysis Fixed-bed reactor

β-Octafluorinated tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)porphyrin

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第5期26卷 529-533页

作者： Hua-Hua Wang Yi-Yu Jiang Mian HR Mahmood Hai-Yang Liu Herman H.Y.Sung Ian d.williams Chi K.Chang department of Chemistry South China University of Technology department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology department of Chemistry Michigan State University

Tetrakis（alkoxycarbonyl）porphyrin and its β-octafluoro-substituted derivatives were synthesized via Lindsey method and transformed to their zinc complexes. Single crystal X-ray structures of corresponding Zn（II） porphyrins revealed that β-octafluorination will give more compactness of porphyrin moieties in the crystal structure owing to the hydrogen bonding interactions involving β- fluorine atoms. An unusual six-coordinated Zn（II） was found via intramolecular coordination of oxygen atom of meso-substituents with central Zn（II）.

关键词： Tetraalkyl porphyrin Zinc Ethyl glyoxylate 3 4-difluoropyrrole

A Comparison of Bayesian and Flack Parameter Approaches for Organic Absolute Structure determination

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A Comparison of Bayesian and Flack Parameter Approaches for ...

Increased Light, Moderate, and Severe Clear-Air Turbulence in Response to Climate Change

中国晶体学会第四届全国会员代表大会暨学术会议

作者： Herman Ho-Yung Sung Ian d.williams department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Even careful data collection with copper radiation on a modern CCd diffractometer typically leads to indeterminacy of the Flack parameter for purely CHNO chiral organics.A new approach based on a Bayesian statistical treatment(*** et al.,***.2008,41,96)and available in the PLATON software package(***)has been tested for 100 natural products or derivatives of known chirality and correctly indicated the handedness in each case,whilst the Flack parameter was indicative but indeterminate with esd>*** effect of *** set quality, temperature,Friedel pair coverage and possible extension to molybdenum data sets will be *** two approaches will also be compared for several structure determination case studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine natural products.

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第5期34卷 576-586页

作者： Paul d. williams department of Meteorology University of Reading Reading RG6 6BB United Kingdom

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to strengthen the vertical wind shears at aircraft cruising altitudes within the atmospheric jet streams. Such a strengthening would increase the prevalence of the shear instabilities that generate clear-air turbulence. Climate modelling studies have indicated that the amount of moderate-or-greater clear-air turbulence on transatlantic flight routes in winter will increase significantly in future as the climate changes. However,the individual responses of light,moderate,and severe clear-air turbulence have not previously been studied,despite their importance for aircraft operations. Here,we use climate model simulations to analyse the transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence response to climate change in five aviation-relevant turbulence strength categories. We find that the probability distributions for an ensemble of 21 clear-air turbulence diagnostics generally gain probability in their right-hand tails when the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is doubled. By converting the diagnostics into eddy dissipation rates,we find that the ensembleaverage airspace volume containing light clear-air turbulence increases by 59%(with an intra-ensemble range of 43%–68%),light-to-moderate by 75%(39%–96%),moderate by 94%(37%–118%),moderate-to-severe by 127%(30%–170%),and severe by 149%(36%–188%). These results suggest that the prevalence of transatlantic wintertime clear-air turbulence will increase significantly in all aviation-relevant strength categories as the climate changes.

关键词： turbulence climate change aviation jet stream

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Q-矩阵问题(下)

铁道科学与工程学报 1983年第2期 71-85页

作者： d.williams department of Mathematics University Swansea Great Britain

(a)本文的目的之一是证明一个([20] 中所提出的)定理。它解决了当所有状态都是瞬时态时,“马氏链的Q-矩际问题。此时,问题的解答简单得出奇。简单固然很好,但如果说本文尚有一点价值的话,那是由于以下原因。定理“必要性”部分的证明涉... 详细信息

(a)本文的目的之一是证明一个([20] 中所提出的)定理。它解决了当所有状态都是瞬时态时,“马氏链的Q-矩际问题。此时,问题的解答简单得出奇。简单固然很好,但如果说本文尚有一点价值的话,那是由于以下原因。定理“必要性”部分的证明涉及了Ray 紧化,因此有其新颖之处。相反,“充分性”部分的证明是用的“往日的”那种“空手精神”(这被很多人所采用过):不用技巧而仅凭概率直观。这

关键词：矩阵问题马氏链状态空间