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Glucose metabolic phenotype of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3471-3485页

作者： Anthony kC chan jason IE Bruce Ajith k Siriwardena Regional Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Unit Manchester Royal Infirmary Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester

AIM: To construct a global "metabolic phenotype" of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) reflecting tumour-related metabolic enzyme ***: A systematic review of the literature was performed using Ovid SP and Pub Med databases using keywords "pancreatic cancer" and individual glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(MOP) enzymes. Both human and animal studies investigating the oncological effect of enzyme expression changes and inhibitors in both an in vitro and in vivo setting were included in the review. Data reporting changes in enzyme expression and the effects on PDAC cells, such as survival and metastatic potential, were extracted to construct a metabolic phenotype. RESULTS: Seven hundred and ten papers were initially retrieved, and were screened to meet the review inclusion criteria. 107 unique articles were identified as reporting data involving glycolytic enzymes, and 28 articles involving MOP enzymes in PDAC. Data extraction followed a pre-defined protocol. There is consistent over-expression of glycolytic enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase in keeping with the Warburg effect to facilitate rapid adenosine-triphosphate production from glycolysis. Certain isoforms of these enzymes were over-expressed specifically in PDAC. Altering expression levels of Hk, PGI, FBA, enolase, Pk-M2 and LDA-A with metabolic inhibitors have shown a favourable effect on PDAC, thus identifying these as potential therapeutic targets. However, the Warburg effect on MOP enzymes is less clear, with different expression levels at different points in the krebs cycle resulting in a fundamental change of metabolite levels, suggesting that other essential anabolic pathways are being stimulated. CONCLUSION: Further characterisation of the PDAC metabolic phenotype is necessary as currently there are few clinical studies and no successful clinical trials targeting metabolic enzymes.

关键词： Metabolism Pancreatic cancer Warburg effect Metabolic inhibitor Glycolysis krebs cycle

Ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19: experience from Hong kong Eye Hospital

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第6期13卷 851-859页

作者： Stephanie S.L.Cheung Cherie y.k.Wong jason C.k.chan Carmen k.M.chan N.M.Lam Hunter k.L.yuen Victoria W.y.Wong Chi Wai Tsang Clement C.y.Tham Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Hong kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong SARChina

AIM:To review international guidelines and to share our infection control experience during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic at a tertiary eye centre in Hong ***:Infection control guidelines and recommendations from international ophthalmological bodies are reviewed and *** measures at our hospital were drawn up as per international and local health authorities’guidelines and implemented with the collaboration of doctors,nurses and administrative ***:The aims of our infection control measures are to 1)minimize cross-infection within the hospital;2)protect and support hospital staff;3)ensure environmental *** minimize the risk of cross-infection,outpatient attendance and elective surgery have been reduced by 40%,and general anesthesia procedures were reduced by 90%.Patients entering the hospital are screened for fever,travel history,contact and cluster history,and COVID-19 related *** protect and support hospital staff,we ensure provision of adequate personal protective equipment(PPE)and provide clear guidelines on the level of PPE needed,depending on the clinical *** protective measures include provision of work uniforms,easy access to alcohol-based hand rub,opening new lunch areas,implementation of self-monitoring and self-reporting systems,and communication via online education and ***,environmental control is achieved by ensuring regular disinfection of the hospital premise,enhancing ventilation,and usage of disposable ophthalmic ***:Our multi-pronged approach to infection control is,so far,successful in minimizing infection risks,while allowing the maintenance of essential ophthalmic services.

关键词： COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ophthalmology infection control Hong kong

NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITy:A DRAMA THEORETIC APPROACH

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 437-460页

作者： jason k. LEVy Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University

While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to nuclear proliferation and disarmament issues, traditional decision analysis assumes that decision makers, options, and preferences are fixed. A drama theoretic approach is used to overcome these limiting assumptions： Drama Theory （DT） II allows global leaders and national security policy makers to engage in a rational-emotional process of re-defining international security negotiations （and their ＂positions＂ in them） Until agreement on a satisfactory nuclear non-proliferation resolution is reached. The 2009 nuclear energy negotiations between Iran and world powers are modeled with DT II and the Confrontation ManagerTM Decision Support System. By adjusting strategy and deriving transformative security policy, it is shown how international security can be achieved by promoting nuclear non-proliferation and resolving strategic conflict.

关键词： Nuclear non-proliferation strategic conflict drama theory international security

A CASE FOR SUSTAINABLE SECURITy SySTEMS ENGINEERING:INTEGRATING NATIONAL,HUMAN,ENERGy AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITy

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 385-402页

作者： jason k. LEVy L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University

In the wake of the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, there is a growing sense of insecurity felt by many citizens around the world. Sustainable security, with roots in the sustainable development and human security literature, seeks positive transformations for the co-evolving and mutually dependent human-environmental condition by integrating （and subsuming） national, human, environmental, and energy security concems and capitalizing on opportunities provided by human creativity, diplomatic openings, modernization and environmental change. The field of Sustainable Security Systems Engineering is proposed for protecting, restoring, designing, and implementing a set of integrated natural and man-made processes that equitably and responsibly meet the biophysical needs of human communities, while maintaining long-term security, respecting financial constraints, meeting ecological limits, and improving institutional arrangements for transparent and effective governance. Scenario planning is shown to help promote sustainable security by identifying the preconditions of instability and helping to proactively address them in an increasingly complex and uncertain world. The six papers published in this featured collection cross policy domains, geographic, political, and sectoral boundaries and were discussed at forums sponsored by the Systems Engineering and Global Policy group. Collectively, they demonstrate the quality, breadth and depth of systems engineering methodologies that are used to promote sustainable security.

关键词： Sustainable security systems engineering national security human security environment and energy scenario planning

ADVANCES IN SUSTAINABLE SECURITy SySTEMS ENGINEERING WITH DRAMA THEORy (DT) Ⅱ

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 403-422页

作者： jason k. LEVy Nigel HOWARD Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University Sheffield Hallam University

We put forth Drama Theory II （DT II） as a formal multiple participant decision making framework that can be used to systematically model complex security challenges, and advance the field of Sustainable Security Systems Engineering. DT II is defined as a theory of ＂large world＂ pre-game communication and equilibrium selection. While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to resolve environmental conflicts and promote global security, traditional game theory assumes that decision makers, options, and preferences are fixed. A mathematical treatment of key drama theoretic concepts （i.e. positions, intentions, doubts and dilemmas） is provided. The dynamics of the drama theoretic process are discussed and the expected equilibrium set is derived. The fundamental theorem of drama theory is proven and all theoretical results are applied to promote sustainable security solutions. It is emphasized that DT II represents a flexible systems engineering technique to address time-sensitive, multi-faceted, and complex multiple participant negotiations.

关键词： Drama Theory II sustainable security systems engineering game theory

Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 64-74页

作者： Fang yao Tang Erica O.chan Zihan Sun Raymond Wong Jerry Lok Simon Szeto jason C.chan Alexander Lam Clement C.Tham Danny S.Ng Carol y.Cheung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina Hong kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina CUHk Eye Centre Hong Kong Eye Hospital147K Argyle StreetKlnKowloonHong KongChina

Background:To test clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative artifact-free deep capillary plexus(DCP)metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:563 eligible eyes(221 with no diabetic retinopathy[DR],135 with mild DR,130 with moderate DR,and 77 with severe DR)from 334 subjects underwent optical coherence tomography-angiography(OCT-A)with a swept-source OCT(Triton DRI-OCT,Topcon,Inc.,Tokyo,Japan).Strict criteria were applied to exclude from analysis those DCP images with artifacts and of poor quality,including projection artifacts,motion artifacts,blurriness,signal loss,B-scan segmentation error,or low-quality score.A customized MATLAB program was then used to quantify DCP morphology from the artifact-free DCP images by calculating three metrics:foveal avascular zone(FAZ),vessel density(VD),and fractal dimension(FD).Results:166(29.5%)eyes were excluded after quality control,leaving in the analysis 397 eyes(170 with no DR,101 with mild DR,90 with moderate DR,36 with severe DR)from 250 *** the multiple regression models,larger FAZ area was associated with more severe DR(β=0.687;p=0.037),shorter axial length(AL)(β=−0.171;p=0.003),thinner subfoveal choroid thickness(β=−0.122;p=0.031),and lower body mass index(BMI)(β=−0.090;p=0.047).Lower VD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.842;p=0.001),shorter AL(β=0.107;p=0.039),and poorer visual acuity(VA)(β=−0.133;p=0.021).Lower FD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.891;py,AL,subfoveal choroidal thickness,age,and BMI in diabetic *** effects of ocular and systemic factors should be considered for meaningful interpretations of DCP changes in DM patients.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Diabetic retinopathy Deep capillary plexus Visual acuity

The Impact of Agricultural Practices in China on Land-Atmosphere Interactions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第4期28卷 821-831页

作者：徐兴奎 jason k.LEVy State key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Science L.Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond

Human-induced land use changes and the resulting alterations in vegetation features are major but poorly recognized drivers of regional climatic *** order to investigate the impacts of anthropogenically-induced seasonal vegetation cover changes on regional climate in China,harmonic analysis is applied to 1982-2000 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration（NOAA） Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer（AVVHRR）-derived normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） time series（ten day interval data）.For two climatic divisions of South China,it is shown that the first harmonic term is in phase with air temperature,while the second and third harmonics are in phase with agricultural *** Penman-Monteith Equation and the Complementary Relationship Areal Evapotranspiration（CRAE） model suggest that monthly mean evapotranspiration is out of phase with temperature and precipitation in regions with signiffcant second or third ***,seasonal vegetation cover changes associated with agricultural cultivation are identiffed：for cropped areas,the temperature and precipitation time series have a single maximum value,while the monthly evapotranspiration time series has a bimodal *** is hypothesized that multi-cropping causes the land surface albedo to sharply increase during harvesting,thereby altering the energy distribution ratio and contributing to observed seasonal vegetation cover changes.

关键词： NDVI land surface cover phenologies multi-crop latent heat discrete Fourier transform

Approaches to improve quality of care in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9281-9285页

作者： Rajesh Shah jason k Hou Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston VA HSR&D Center of Excellence Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Studies across medical disciplines have shown gaps in the care recommended in evidence based guidelines and the care actually delivered. Quality improvement projects using systematic audit and feedback interventions such as quality measures, will become increasingly important tools to address these gaps in care. These gaps are also apparent in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Multiple organizations, including the American Gastroenterology Association and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, have developed programs designed to implement quality measures to improve the care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Early results show promise of improving quality, but numerous barriers remain. Gastroenterologists need to be aware of these processes to provide the highest care possible to patients with IBD. We review the existing literature on approaches to quality improvement and their potential application and barriers when applied to IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Quality

The Influence of Land Surface changes on Regional Climate in Northwest China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第3期24卷 527-537页

作者：徐兴奎张凤 jason k.LEVy International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Western Washington University Department of Environmental Studies Huxley College of the Environment516 High StreetBellinghamWA98225

Land surface changes effect the regional climate due to the complex coupling of land-atmosphere interactions. From 1995 to 2000, a decrease in the vegetation density and an increase in ground-level thermodynamic activity has been documented by multiple data sources in Northwest China, including meteorological, reanalysis from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration＇s （NOAA） Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） and TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder （TOVS） satellite remote sensing data. As the ground-level thermodynamic activity increases, humid air from the surrounding regions converge toward desert （and semi-desert） regions, causing areas with high vegetation cover to become gradually more arid. Furthermore, land surface changes in Northwest China are responsible for a decrease in total cloud cover, a decline in the fraction of low and middle clouds, an increase in high cloud cover （due to thermodynamic activity） and other regional climatic adaptations. It is proposed that, beginning in 1995, these cloud cover changes contributed to a ＂green- house＂ effect, leading to the rapid air temperature increases and other regional climate impacts that have been observed over Northwest China.

关键词： land surface features climatic effect Northwest China TOVS NOAA-AVHRR