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AN APPROACH TOWARDS HOLISM IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第3期19卷 285-305页

作者： jason SHERWIN Department of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

This paper posits the desirability of a shift towards a holistic approach over reductionist approaches in the understanding of complex phenomena encountered in science and engineering. An argument based on set theory is used to analyze three examples that illustrate the shortcomings of the reductionist approach. Using these cases as motivational points, a holistic approach to understand complex phenomena is proposed, whereby the human brain acts as a template to do so. Recognizing the need to maintain the transparency of the analysis provided by reductionism, a promising computational approach is offered by which the brain is used as a template for understanding complex phenomena. Some of the details of implementing this approach are also addressed.

关键词： Reductionism holism agent-based modeling linearizations multi-disciplinary optimization complex phenomena understanding Markov-chain vector space hierarchical temporal memories neuroscience-influenced computing

NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITy:A DRAMA THEORETIC APPROACH

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第4期18卷 437-460页

作者： jason K. LEVy Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University

While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to nuclear proliferation and disarmament issues, traditional decision analysis assumes that decision makers, options, and preferences are fixed. A drama theoretic approach is used to overcome these limiting assumptions： Drama Theory （DT） II allows global leaders and national security policy makers to engage in a rational-emotional process of re-defining international security negotiations （and their ＂positions＂ in them） Until agreement on a satisfactory nuclear non-proliferation resolution is reached. The 2009 nuclear energy negotiations between Iran and world powers are modeled with DT II and the Confrontation ManagerTM Decision Support System. By adjusting strategy and deriving transformative security policy, it is shown how international security can be achieved by promoting nuclear non-proliferation and resolving strategic conflict.

关键词： Nuclear non-proliferation strategic conflict drama theory international security

Review on applications of metastatic lymph node based radiomic assessment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2023年第1期9卷 328-341页

作者： Po Ling Chan Wan Shun Leung Varut Vardhanabhuti Shara W.y.Lee jason y.K.Chan Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Diagnostic Radiology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)has a distinct geographical prevalence in Southern China and Southeast Asia with a high overall survival rate(>90%)in the early stage of the ***,almost 85%of patients suffer from the locally advanced disease with nodal metastasis at *** overall survival rate would drastically drop to 63%.In addition to the generic tumor,nodal,and metastasis(TNM)staging,radiomic studies focusing on primary nasopharyngeal tumors have gained attention in precision medicine with artificial *** the heterogeneous presentation of cervical lymphadenopathy in locally advanced NPC is regarded as the same clinical stage under TNM criteria,radiomic analysis provides more insights into risk stratification,treatment differentiation,and survival *** appears to be a lack of a review that consolidates radiomics-related studies on lymph node metastasis in *** aim of this paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of radiomics for lymph node analysis in NPC,including its potential use in prognostic prediction,treatment response,and overall survival for this cohort of patients.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiomics deep learning NPC nodal metastasis artificial intelligence review head and neck oncology cervical lymphadenopathy

The SKI proto-oncogene restrains the resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+) T cell response in viral clearance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第10期18卷 2410-2421页

作者： Bing Wu Ge Zhang Zengli Guo Gang Wang Xiaojiang Xu Jian-liang Li jason K.Whitmire Junnian Zheng yisong y.Wan Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Immunology College of Basic Medical ScienceDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoning 116044China Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu221002China Integrative Bioinformatics National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkChapel HillNC 27709USA Department of Genetics School of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA

Acute viral infection causes illness and *** addition,an infection often results in increased susceptibility to a secondary infection,but the mechanisms behind this susceptibility are poorly *** its initial identification as a marker for resident memory CD8^(+)T cells in barrier tissues,the function and regulation of CD103 integrin(encoded by ITGAE gene)have been extensively ***,the function and regulation of the resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cell response to acute viral infection remain *** TGFβsignaling is essential for CD103 expression,the precise molecular mechanism behind this regulation is ***,we reveal a TGFβ–SKI–Smad4 pathway that critically and specifically directs resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cell generation for protective immunity against primary and secondary viral *** found that resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cells are abundant in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues from uninfected ***103 acts as a costimulation signal to produce an optimal antigenic CD8^(+)T cell response to acute viral *** is a reduction in resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cells following primary infection that results in increased susceptibility of the host to secondary ***,CD103 expression inversely and specifically correlates with SKI proto-oncogene(SKI)expression but not R-Smad2/3 *** expression of SKI restricts CD103 expression in CD8^(+)T cells in vitro and in vivo to hamper viral ***,SKI is recruited to the Itgae loci to directly suppress CD103 transcription by regulating histone acetylation in a Smad4-dependent *** study therefore reveals that resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cells dictate protective immunity during primary and secondary *** with SKI function may amplify the resident CD103^(+)CD8^(+)T cell response to promote protective immunity.

关键词： CD103 TGFβ SKI Smad4 LCMV infection Histone acetylation

Challenging Nanopores with Analyte Scope and Environment

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第1期3卷 61-79页

作者： Buddini I.Karawdeniya y.M.Nuwan D.y.Bandara Jonathan W.Nichols Robert B.Chevalier James T.Hagan jason R.Dwyer Department of Chemistry University of Rhode IslandRichard E.Beaupre Center for Chemical and Forensic Sciences140 Flagg Rd.KingstonRI 02881USA Present Address:Department of Mechanical Engineering Lyle School of EngineeringSouthern Methodist UniversityDallasTX 75275USA Present Address:Nova Biomedical 200 Prospect StreetWalthamMA 02454-9141USA

Nanopores are nanofluidic channels formed through thin membranes that can deliver standout single-molecule and single-particle sensing *** targets include small molecules and nanoparticles,and the DNA,protein,and glycan biopolymers underpinning genomics,proteomics,and ***-notably even in the simplest implementation,resistive-pulse sensing-does not inherently require sample labeling and,thus,offers the potential for general sensing util-ity combined with the prospective benefits of reduced sample processing requirements.A key pursuit for biopolymer sens-ing is the characterization of monomer *** review article will provide an overview of the use of nanopores for general chemical sensing and-omics-related applications,*** broad analyte scope provides fertile ground for a discussion of principles governing nanopore sensing and considerations useful for guiding nanopore *** nanopores to be effective in the face of broad analyte scope,stringent requirements on analytical performance must be met within the particular analyte class without sacrificing the operational flexibility necessary to be responsive across classes presenting very different physical and chemical *** sample-driven challenges provide a unifying framework for discussing aspects of nanopore fabrication,properties,and integration;sensing paradigms,performance,and prospects;fundamental electrokinetic and interfacial phenomena;and practical challenges facing the use and further development of nanopore devices.

关键词： Nanopore Single-molecule sensing Nanofluidics Point-of-care Silicon nitride Resistive pulse Wearable sensors Quality assurance

The Thermogel Chronicle——From Rational Design of Thermogelling Copolymers to Advanced Thermogel Applications

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第10期2卷 881-894页

作者： Qianyu Lin Cally Owh jason y.C.Lim Pei Lin Chee Michelle P.y.yew Eilis T.y.Hor Xian Jun Loh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)138634Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore(NUS)119077Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore(NUS)117576Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore

CONSPECTUS:Temperature responsive supramolecular hydrogels,also known as thermogels,are produced by the self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers in solution following temperature *** are a class of high caliber novel materials possessing highly attractive properties such as injectability,ability to undergo temperature controlled reversible sol−gel phase transitions,high biocompatibility,and tunable *** research vigor has been dedicated to designing advanced amphiphilic copolymers and investigating their molecular interactions in order to enhance the properties of the thermogelling systems and expand the scope of their *** such,thermogelling systems have since become well established in the field of sustained localized drug or protein delivery and have also been demonstrated as high potential materials for niche applications such as threedimensional cell culture,wound healing patches,and vitreous *** developments saw the advent of thermogelling systems with advanced biomedical applications ranging from enhanced cancer therapy to radiology imaging to tissue engineering,and these are usually achieved by the conjugating of biologically relevant molecules such as drugs and peptides to the thermogel copolymer or by incorporating nanoparticles into the thermogel *** developments in this field see a shift away from employing traditional synthetic polymers such as polypropylene glycol(PPG)and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)to utilizing more advanced nature-derived bioactive molecules and also introducing chiral moieties in the thermogelling copolymer backbone.

关键词： Copolymer backbone utilizing

Simulation modelling of potato virus y spread in relation to initial inoculum and vector activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 376-388页

作者： Andrew GALIMBERTI Andrei ALyOKHIN Hongchun QU jason ROSE School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOronoME 04469USA Eastern New york Commercial Horticulture Program Cornell Cooperative ExtensionPlattsburghNY 12901USA College of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing 400065P.R.China

Potato virus y(PVy)is a non-persistent virus that is transmitted by many aphid species and causes significant damage to potato *** constructed a spatially-explicit model simulating PVy spread in a potato field and used it to investigate possible effects of transmission efficiency,initial inoculum levels,vector behavior,vector abundance,and timing of peak vector activity on PVy incidence at the end of a simulated growing *** PVy incidence in planted seed resulted in lower virus infection at the end of the ***,when populations of efficient PVy vectors were high,significant PVy spread occurred even when initial virus inoculum was ***-colonizing aphids were more important for PVy spread compared to colonizing aphids,particularly at high *** early-season peak in the numbers of noncolonizing aphids resulted in the highest number of infected plants in the end of the season,while mid-and late-season peaks caused relatively little virus *** results highlight the importance of integrating different techniques to prevent the number of PVy-infected plants from exceeding economically acceptable levels instead of trying to control aphids within potato *** management plans should be implemented very early in a growing season.

关键词： potato virus y spatially-explicit modelling aphids virus spread integrated pest management

Ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19: experience from Hong Kong Eye Hospital

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第6期13卷 851-859页

作者： Stephanie S.L.Cheung Cherie y.K.Wong jason C.K.Chan Carmen K.M.Chan N.M.Lam Hunter K.L.yuen Victoria W.y.Wong Chi Wai Tsang Clement C.y.Tham Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong SARChina

AIM:To review international guidelines and to share our infection control experience during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic at a tertiary eye centre in Hong ***:Infection control guidelines and recommendations from international ophthalmological bodies are reviewed and *** measures at our hospital were drawn up as per international and local health authorities’guidelines and implemented with the collaboration of doctors,nurses and administrative ***:The aims of our infection control measures are to 1)minimize cross-infection within the hospital;2)protect and support hospital staff;3)ensure environmental *** minimize the risk of cross-infection,outpatient attendance and elective surgery have been reduced by 40%,and general anesthesia procedures were reduced by 90%.Patients entering the hospital are screened for fever,travel history,contact and cluster history,and COVID-19 related *** protect and support hospital staff,we ensure provision of adequate personal protective equipment(PPE)and provide clear guidelines on the level of PPE needed,depending on the clinical *** protective measures include provision of work uniforms,easy access to alcohol-based hand rub,opening new lunch areas,implementation of self-monitoring and self-reporting systems,and communication via online education and ***,environmental control is achieved by ensuring regular disinfection of the hospital premise,enhancing ventilation,and usage of disposable ophthalmic ***:Our multi-pronged approach to infection control is,so far,successful in minimizing infection risks,while allowing the maintenance of essential ophthalmic services.

关键词： COVID-19 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ophthalmology infection control Hong Kong

基于氨基酸取代的噻咯分子的超分子组装结构的构筑

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功能高分子学报 2019年第6期32卷 705-710页

作者：夏庆袁勤 jason C y NG 唐本忠李冰石深圳大学化学与环境工程学院深圳518600 香港科技大学化学系中国香港九龙

以原子力显微镜和朗格缪尔(LB)膜技术为主要手段,研究了带有氨基酸取代基的聚集诱导发光分子噻咯(silole,SI)在液/固界面和气/液界面的超分子组装行为。SI分子在甲苯/云母的液/固的界面、表面进行超分子组装成超螺旋纤维结构,在低表面... 详细信息

以原子力显微镜和朗格缪尔(LB)膜技术为主要手段,研究了带有氨基酸取代基的聚集诱导发光分子噻咯(silole,SI)在液/固界面和气/液界面的超分子组装行为。SI分子在甲苯/云母的液/固的界面、表面进行超分子组装成超螺旋纤维结构,在低表面压下分子在气/液界面则形成取向条带结构,在高表面压下,条带结构表面吸附的纳米纤维具有类似的取向,纤维彼此交错形成60°角,与云母基底的晶格结构一致。分子的氨基酸取代基诱导SI分子骨架产生螺旋构象,并在超分子组装结构中被进一步放大,分子间通过非共价键聚合成超分子螺旋纤维,而在气/液界面上分子间氢键被破坏,分子难以组装成超螺旋结构,表明多级超分子组装结构不仅与分子的化学结构相关,还受到表/界面因素的影响。

关键词：超分子自组装手性表/界面取向螺旋纤维