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The significance of midsummer movements of Autographa gamma： Implications for a mechanistic understanding of orientation behavior in a migrant moth

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 360-370页

作者： jason w. chapman Ka S. LIM Don R. REYNOLDS Department ofAgroEcology Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Kent ME4 4TB UK

The silver Y moth Autographa gamma undertakes w.ndbome spring and fall migrations betw.en w.nter breeding re- gions around the Mediterranean and summer breeding regions in northern Europe. Flight behaviors facilitating these migrations include：（i） selection of seasonally-favorable tailw.nds; （ii） flying at the altitude of the fastest w.nds; （iii） adopting flight headings that partially counteract crossw.nd drift; and （iv） seasonal reversal of preferred directions betw.en spring and fall. In the UK, ra- dar measurements indicate that migratory activity is pronounced during the spring and fall, but is usually very low.during mid- summer （July）. How.ver, an atypically intense period of high-altitude flight w.s recorded during July 2006, and in this study w. compare the flight behavior of A. gamma during these midsummer movements w.th the more typical spring and fall migrations. During July 2006, activity w.s most intense at significantly low.r altitudes than occurred in spring or fall, and w.s not associated w.th the height of the fastest w.nds; consequently displacement speeds w.re significantly slow.r. The most striking difference w.s an absence of tailw.nd selectivity in July w.th w.ndborne movements occurring on almost every night of the month and on tailw.nds from all directions. Finally, orientation behavior w.s quantitatively different during July, w.th significantly greater dis- persion of flight headings and displacements than observed in spring and fall. w. discuss mechanisms w.ich could have caused these differences, and conclude that a lack of appropriate photopcriod cues during development of the summer generation resulted in randomly-oriented ＇dispersive＇ movements that w.re strikingly different from typical seasonal migrations .

关键词： Long-range migration Dispersal High-altitude flight Photoperiod Entomological radar Noctuid moths

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Male nutritional status does not impact the reproductive potential of female Cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths under conditions of nutrient shortage

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 467-477页

作者： Jia-w.n Guo Yu Cui Pei-Jiong Lin Bao-Ping Zhai Zhong-Xian Lu jason w.chapman Gao Hu State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021 China Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095 China Centre for Ecology and Conservation and Environment and Sustainability InstituteUniversity of ExeterCornwallPenrynTR109FE UK

In addition to sperm,some accessory substances transferred to females during copulation act as nuptial gifts by passing on valuable nutrients in many insect *** nutritional status of the males can thus have a great effect on the mating behavior,fecundity and even the longevity of ***,little is know. about the effect of male nutritional status on the female reproductive traits in migratory insect species,particularly w.en females experience nutrient shortage and have to choose betw.en reproduction and ***,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,a migratory rice pest in Asia,w.s studied to explore this *** results show.d that in male moths fed w.th honey solution,their gonads had higher energy content than gonads of starved males,resulting in increased energy content of the bursa copulatrix of females after mating w.th fed *** females show.d increased mating frequency,fecundity and longevity compared to females mating w.th starved males,indicating that male moths deliver nuptial gifts to females and improve their reproductive ***,w.en females w.re starved,only about 45%mated,w.th just a single copulation,regardless of male nutritional *** females show.d low.r fecundity,and a longer pre-oviposition period(indicating a greater propensity to migrate),compared to fed ***,copulation still significantly extended their *** results suggest that starved females invest in migration to escape deteriorating habitats,rather than investing the nuptial gift to increased *** results further our understanding of the reproductive adaptability of migratory insects under conditions of food stress.

关键词： bursa copulatrix Cnaphalocrocis medinalis insect migration nuptial gifts spermatophore

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Health-promoting and disease-preventive potential of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.(Gadabani)--An Indian medicinal and dietary plant

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第2期14卷 84-99页

作者： jason Yamaki Kalyan C.Nagulapalli Venkata Animesh Mandal Piyali Bhattacharyya Anupam Bishayee Department of Pharmacy Practice School of PharmacyChapman UniversityIrvineCA 92618USA Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian Newport BeachCA 92663USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyLarkin Health Sciences InstituteMiamiFL 33169USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH 44272USA School of Health Sciences University of TuraboGuraboPR 00778USA

It is estimated that 80% of the w.rld population depends on traditional medicine for primary healthcare need. Trianthema portulacastrum Linn.（family： Aizoaceae） is a small perennial w.ed found in the Americas, Africa, India, and other regions of the w.rld. This plant is used extensively in Indian traditional medicines and is also consumed as a vegetable throughout Asia for its perceived health benefits. Phytochemical analysis of T. portulacastrum reveals the presence of alkaloids, fl avonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. Emerging studies demonstrate that crude extracts as w.ll as bioactive phytoconstituents of T. portulacastrum exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-infective, analgesic, and anti-infl ammatory activities. A grow.ng number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate various biological and pharmacological activities, including prevention and amelioration of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, infectious diseases and cancer. This review.aims to present and analyze available literature to understand the full potential of T. portulacastrum in health promotion and disease prevention. Current limitations and future directions of research on this medicinal and dietary plant are also critically discussed.

关键词： Trianthema portulacastrum phytochemistry pharmacology health benefits review.herbal medicine

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斯坦福大学露西尔帕卡德儿童医院

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当代建筑 2020年第3期 52-61页

作者：无 Rob Goodw.n Robin Guenther jason Allen Gerry Del Priore Nash Hurley Dutch Osborne Bay chapman Breeze Glazer Peter Syrett Cheryl w.o Annelise Chikhale Megan Koehler Chris Sw.gert Tom Silva Hyeuk Rhee Vanna Conyers Suzanne Drake Tim Hernaez Angelene Hoffert Donna Sanderson Michael Tam Andy Tsay-Jacobs Kristian Fosholt Haji Ishikaw. Vittoria Zupicich(摄) Emily Hagopian(摄) Steve Babuljak(摄) Tim Griffith(摄) 帕金斯威尔建筑设计事务所不详

既有的斯坦福大学露西尔帕卡德儿童医院建成于1990年,因标志性的设计和醒目的中央庭院而深受人们的喜爱。随着时间的推移,如今这座医院的承载容量已经无法满足不断增长的患者规模和当前复杂医疗运营模式的需要。半私密性病房再也无法达... 详细信息

既有的斯坦福大学露西尔帕卡德儿童医院建成于1990年,因标志性的设计和醒目的中央庭院而深受人们的喜爱。随着时间的推移,如今这座医院的承载容量已经无法满足不断增长的患者规模和当前复杂医疗运营模式的需要。半私密性病房再也无法达到预期的私密程度,也未能充分利用场地周边生机勃勃的自然资源环境,尤其是斯坦福植物园及远处连绵起伏的丘陵山貌。

关键词：儿童医院私密性自然资源环境斯坦福大学运营模式帕卡德连绵起伏中央庭院

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