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review and synthesis of the effects of climate change on amphibians

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 145-161页

作者： Yiming LI Jeremy M.COHEN jason r.rOHr Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Integrative Biology University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the responses of amphibians to climate change,with successful research carried out on climate change-associated shifts in amphibian phenology,elevational distributions and amphibian-parasite *** review and synthesize the literature on this topic,emphasizing acutely lethal,sublethal,indirect and positive effects of climate change on amphibians,and major research *** instance,evidence is lacking on poleward shifts in amphibian distributions and on changes in body sizes and morphologies of amphibians in response to climate *** have limited information on amphibian thermal tolerances,thermal preferences,dehydration breaths,opportunity costs of water conserving behaviors and actual temperature and moisture ranges amphibians *** when much of this information is available,there remains little evidence that climate change is acutely lethal to *** suggests that if climate change is contributing to declines,it might be through effects that are not acutely lethal,indirect,or both,but evidence in support of this suggestion is *** fact,evidence that climate change is directly contributing to amphibian declines is weak,partly because researchers have not often ruled out alternative hypotheses,such as chytrid fungus or climate-fungus ***,we recommend that amphibian-climate research shift from primarily inductive,correlational approach as to studies that evaluate alternative hypotheses for *** additional rigor will require interdisciplinary collaborations,estimates of costs and benefits of climate change to amphibian fitness and populations,and the integration of correlative field studies,experiments on‘model’amphibian species,and mathematical and functional,physiological models.

关键词： amphibian decline Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis breeding date climate-linked epidemic hypothesis global warming

APPLYING PrOJECT BASED LEArNING IN AN UNDErGrADUATE DESIGN AND CONSTrUCTION PrOGrAM AT APPALACHIAN STATE UNIVErSITY

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第4期13卷 147-165页

作者： James A russell Chelsea r Helms r Chadwick Everhart D jason Miller Associate Professor of Building Science Department of Sustainable Technology and the Built Environment(STBE)Appalachian State University397 Rivers StreetBooneNC28608 Practitioner in residence Department of Sustainable Technology and the Built Environment(STBE)Appalachian State University397 Rivers StreetBooneNC28608 Principal Chad Everhart ArchitectPAWilliamsburgKY40769 Associate Professor Department of Sustainable Technology and the Built Environment(STBE)Appalachian State University397 Rivers StreetBooneNC28608.

INTrODUCTION Project based learning(PBL)fully engages students in the subject area,promotes teamwork,transdisciplinary collaboration,allows student teams to engage and solve community design problems and can ultimately lead to broader student ***,however,presents significant curricular challenges,including project definition and meaningful student *** authors began the process of exploring PBL through a National Science Foundation Transformation Undergraduate Education in Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics(TUES)*** program was piloted for two semesters under the TUES award and has now completed its eighth semester overall operating as a special curricular track in parallel with an existing,traditional curricular program in Building *** four years of dedicated PBL program experience to inform their efforts,the authors are currently reworking the existing Building Science program curriculum to fully integrate a PBL capstone during the senior year while establishing a clear curricular path,creating a sound base of projects,and maintaining resource limits that include,but are not limited to,facilities,materials and *** this paper,the authors discuss their successes and difficulties with imple-menting PBL in an undergraduate design and construction program by reviewing twelve years of both spontaneous and planned project based PBL experiences in an undergraduate design and construction program.

关键词： project based learning curriculum reform integrated design design-build

A pathophysiology-based approach to the management ot early priapism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 20-26页

作者： jason r Kovac Siu K Mak Maurice M Garcia Tom FLue Scott Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Surgery Prince of Wales HosPital Hong Kong China Department of Urology University of California San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Priapism is a rare condition that involves persistent penile erection for greater than 4 h. Distinct variants exist, each with unique characteristics. Ischemic priapism is a painful medical emergency that may occur as a result of veno-occlusion leading to hypoxia and tissue death. recurrent bouts of ischemic priapism, or stuttering priapism, require treatment for individual attacks as well as long-term prevention. Non-ischemic priapism is associated with trauma and may be managed conservatively. recent advances into the pathophysiology of priapism have allowed the development of treatment algorithms that specifically target the mechanisms involved. In this review, we outline the basics of smooth muscle contraction and describe how derangement of these pathways results in priapism. A pathophysiological approach to the treatment of priapism is proposed with duration-based algorithms presented to assist in management.

关键词： algorithm ischemic management priapism T-shunt tunneling

Single-atom spintronics

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2006年第B01期16卷 146-153页

作者： Susan Z.HUA Matthew r.SULL IVAN jason N.ArMSTrONG Materials Program Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA

recent work on magnetic quantum point contacts (QPCs) was discussed. Complete magnetoresistance loops across Co QPCs as small as a single atom was measured. The remarkable feature of these QPCs is the rapid oscillatory decay in magnetoresistance with the increase of contact size. In addition, stepwise or quantum magnetoresistance loops are observed, resulting from varying transmission probability of the available discrete conductance channels because the sample is cycled between the ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) aligned states. Quantized conductance combined with spin dependent transmission of electron waves gives rise to a multi-channel system with a quantum domain wall acting as a valve, i.e., a quantum spin-valve. Behavior of a few-atom QPC is built on the behavior of a single-atom QPC and hence the summarization of results as ‘single-atom spintronics’. An evolutionary trace of spin-dependent electron transmission from a single atom to bulk is provided, the requisite hallmarks of artefact-free magnetoresistance is established across a QPC – stepwise or quantum magnetoresistance loops and size dependent oscillatory magnetoresistance.

关键词：单原子自旋电子学量子点接触电子波导振荡磁阻

Assessment of scapulohumeral rhythm for scapular plane shoulder elevation using a modified digital inclinometer

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第6期3卷 87-94页

作者： jason S Scibek Christopher r Carcia Department of Athletic Training School of Health Sciences Duquesne UniversityJohn G Rangos Sr.Pittsburgh PA 15282 United States Department of Physical Therapy School of Health Sciences Duquesne UniversityJohn G Rangos Sr.Pittsburgh PA 15282 United States

AIM: To develop a better understanding of scapulohumeral rhythm during scapular plane shoulder ***: Thirteen healthy, college-aged subjects participated in this study. Subjects were free from any upper extremity, neck or back pathology. A modified digital inclinometer was utilized to measure scapular upward rotation of the subject's dominant shoulder. Upward rotation was measured statically as subjects performed clinically relevant amounts of shoulder elevation in the scapular plane. Testing order was randomized by arm position. Scapular upward rotation was assessed over the entire arc of motion and over a series of increments. The percent contributions to shoulder elevation for the scapula and glenohumeral joint were calculated. Scapulohumeral rhythm was assessed and represented the ratio of glenohumeral motion to scapulothoracic motion(glenohumeral elevation: scapular upward rotation). A one-way ANOVA wasused to compare scapular upward rotation between elevation ***: Scapulohumeral rhythm for the entire arc of shoulder elevation was equal to a ratio of 2.34 :1 and ranged from 40.01:1 to 0.90:1 when assessed across the different increments of humeral elevation. Total scapular motion increased over the arc of shoulder elevation. The scapula contributed 2.53% of total motion for the first 30 degrees of shoulder elevation, between 20.87% and 37.53% for 30o-90 o of shoulder elevation, and 52.73% for 90o-120 o of shoulder elevation. Statistically significant differences in scapular upward rotation were identified across the shoulder elevation increments [F(3,48) = 12.63, P = 0.0001].CONCLUSION: Clinically, we must recognize the usefulness of the inclinometer in documenting the variable nature of scapulohumeral rhythm in healthy and injured shoulders.

关键词： Biomechanics Kinematics Scapula Shoulder

Temperature and mass scaling affect cutaneous and pulmonary respiratory performance in a diving frog

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 712-728页

作者： ryan B.MCWHINNIE jason P.SCKrABULIS Thomas r.rAFFEL Department of Biological Sciences Oakland UniversityRochesterMichiganUSA

Global climate change is altering patterns of temperature variation,with unpredictable consequences for species and *** Metabolic Theory of Ecology(MTE)provides a powerful framework for predicting climate change impacts on ectotherm metabolic *** postulates that physiological and ecological processes are limited by organism metabolic rates,which scale predictably with body mass and *** purpose of this study was to determine if different metabolic proxies generate different empirical estimates of key MTE model parameters for the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis when allowed to exhibit normal diving *** used a novel methodological approach in combining a flow-through respirometry setup with the open-source Arduino platform to measure mass and temperature effects on 4 different proxies for whole-body metabolism(total O_(2) consumption,cutaneous O_(2) consumption,pulmonary O_(2) consumption,and ventilation frequency),following thermal acclimation to one of 3 temperatures(8℃,17℃,or 26℃).Different metabolic proxies generated different mass-scaling exponents(b)and activation energy(EA)estimates,highlighting the importance of metabolic proxy selection when parameterizing MTE-derived *** acclimated to 17℃ had higher O_(2) consumption across all temperatures,but thermal acclimation did not influence estimates of key MTE parameters EA and *** respiration generated lower MTE parameters than pulmonary respiration,consistent with temperature and mass constraints on dissolved oxygen availability,SA:V ratios,and diffusion distances across *** results show that the choice of metabolic proxy can have a big impact on empirical estimates for key MTE model parameters.

关键词： African clawed frog amphibian pneumotachography thermal biology

Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan

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National Science review 2018年第6期5卷 863-869页

作者： Jianni Liu rudy Lerosey-Aubril Michael Steiner jason A. Dunlop Degan Shu John r. Paterson Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment The Key Laboratory of Continental DynamicsDepartment of Geology Northwest University Palaeoscience research Centre School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New England Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften 4. Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science

The rapid rise of arthropods during the Cambrian quickly established some clades, such as the euarthropod stem-group called radiodonta, as the dominant and most diverse predators in marine ecosystems. recent discoveries have shown that the size and dietary ecology of radiodontans are far more diverse than previously thought, but little is known about the feeding habits of juveniles. Here, we document a very small(～18-mm-long), near-complete specimen of the radiodontan Lyrarapax unguispinus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota of China. This specimen is the smallest radiodontan individual known,representing a juvenile instar. Its adult-like morphology—especially the fully developed spinose frontal appendages and tetraradial oral cone—indicates that L. unguispinus was a well-equipped predator at an early developmental stage, similar to modern raptorial euarthropods, such as mantises, mantis shrimps and arachnids. This evidence, coupled with the basal phylogenetic position of radiodontans, confirms that raptorial feeding habits in juvenile euarthropods appeared early in the evolutionary history of the group.

关键词： Lyrarapax radiodonta Arthropoda Cambrian predation feeding ecology

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Too SHY 2 repress

Molecular Plant 2024年第10期17卷 1496-1497页

作者： jason W.reed Bastiaan O.r.Bargmann The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil Department of BiologyChapel HillNC27599USA l2Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University School of Plant and EnvironmentalSciences.BlacksburgVA24061USA

The hormone auxin regulates many aspects of plant development,in part by regulating transcription(Powers and Strader,2020).Two types of proteins control canonical auxin-regulated transcription:class A auxin response transcription factors(ArFs)bind to and activate promoters of auxin-responsive genes and Aux/IAA proteins interact with ArFs to repress gene *** angiosperms,multiple paralogous genes encode both ArF and Aux/IAA *** in expression patterns or biochemical properties among these paralogs likely underlie diverse auxin response characteristics in different cellular *** a recent issue of Molecular Plant,Cho et al.(2024)showed that a single amino acid difference between two Aux/IAA proteins confers strikingly divergent effects on auxinregulated root hair growth(Cho et al.,2024).In particular,whereas the Aux/IAA protein AXr2/IAA7 always represses auxin response and root hair growth,SHY2/IAA3 can act bimodally to either activate or repress the auxin response,depending on its level relative to other Aux/IAA proteins.

关键词： Aux/IAA striking auxin

Microparticles with tunable,cell-like properties for quantitative acoustic mechanophenotyping

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第4期9卷 129-141页

作者： ryan Dubay Eric MDarling jason Fiering Center for Biomedical Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Biological Microsystems DraperCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Orthopaedics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

Mechanical properties of biological cells have been shown to correlate with their biomolecular state and function,and therefore methods to measure these properties at scale are of *** microfluidic technologies can measure the mechanical properties of cells at rates over 20,000 cells/s,which is more than four orders of magnitude faster than conventional ***,precise and repeatable means to calibrate and test these new tools remain lacking,since cells themselves are by nature ***,microfluidic tools use rigid polymer microspheres for calibration because they are widely available in cell-similar sizes,but conventional microspheres do not fully capture the physiological range of other mechanical properties that are equally important to device function(e.g.,elastic modulus and density).Here,we present for the first time development of monodisperse polyacrylamide microparticles with both tunable elasticity and tunable *** these size,elasticity,and density tunable particles,we characterized a custom acoustic microfluidic device that makes single-cell measurements of mechanical *** then applied the approach to measure the distribution of the acoustic properties within samples of human leukocytes and showed that the system successfully discriminates lymphocytes from other *** initial demonstration shows how the tunable microparticles with properties within the physiologically relevant range can be used in conjunction with microfluidic devices for efficient high-throughput measurements of mechanical properties at single-cell resolution.

关键词： tunable elasticity function