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Leveraging Hazard,Exposure,and Social Vulnerability Data to Assess Flood Risk to Indigenous Communities in Canada

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 821-838页

作者： Liton Chakraborty jason Thistlethwaite Andrea Minano Daniel Henstra Daniel Scott Public Safety Canada.Ottawa.ON K1A OPS.Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management.Faculty of En\imnmcnt.University of Waleiioo Waicrloo.ON N2A 0E9.Canada School of En\imnmcnt.Enterprise and De\elopmont.Faculty of Environment University of WaterlooWaterloo.ON N2L 3GICanada Department of Political Science University of Waterloo.Waterloo.ON N2L 3GL Canada

This study integrates novel data on 100-year flood hazard extents,exposure of residential properties,and place-based social vulnerability to comprehensively assess and compare flood risk between Indigenous communities living on 985 reserve lands and other Canadian communities across 3701 census ***-scale exposure of residential properties to fluvial,pluvial,and coastal flooding was estimated at the 100-year return period.A social vulnerability index(SVI)was developed and included 49 variables from the national census that represent demographic,social,economic,cultural,and infrastructure/community indicators of *** information system-based bivariate choropleth mapping of the composite SVI scores and of flood exposure of residential properties and population was completed to assess the spatial variation of flood *** found that about 81%of the 985 Indigenous land reserves had some flood exposure that impacted either population or residential *** analysis indicates that residential property-level flood exposure is similar between non-Indigenous and Indigenous communities,but socioeconomic vulnerability is higher on reserve lands,which confirms that the overall risk of Indigenous communities is *** suggest the need for more local verification of flood risk in Indigenous communities to address uncertainty in national scale analysis.

关键词： Canada Flood risk assessment Indigenous communities Social vulnerability

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Degradable Plastics Are Vulnerable to Cracks

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Engineering 2021年第5期7卷 624-629页

作者： Xuxu Yang jason Steck Jiawei Yang Yecheng Wang Zhigang Suo John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and TechnologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Engineering Mechanics&Center for X-MechanicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

A plastic may degrade in response to a *** kinetics of degradation have long been characterized by the loss of weight and strength over *** methods of gross characterization,however,are misleading when plastic degrades ***,we study heterogeneous degradation in an extreme form:the growth of a crack under the combined action of chemistry and *** applied load opens the crack,exposes the crack front to chemical attack,and causes the crack to outrun gross *** studied the crack growth in polylactic acid(PLA),a polyester in which ester bonds break by *** cut a crack in a PLA film using scissors,tore it using an apparatus,and recorded the crack growth using a camera through a *** our testing range,the crack velocity was insensitive to load but was sensitive to humidity and *** findings will aid the development of degradable plastics for healthcare and sustainability.

关键词： Degradation Plastics Hydrolysis pH Cracking

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Schizophrenic Border and Viral Optics in Raymond Williams's Border Country

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外国语言与文化(英文) 2023年第1期7卷 114-128页

作者： Jiayan Mi jason Toncic The College of New Jersey Glen Rock Public Schools and Montclair State University

This essay examines Raymond Williams's autobiographical novel Border Country,the first novel of his ambitious"Welsh Trilogy."The aim of the essay is ***,it analyzes the unsettling issue of how a bio-regional place(native place)shapes polyvalent identities in a historically changing environment and how the boundary that crisscrosses the passages of life is redrawn through narrative re-circumscription and optical ***,the essay calls this trope of internalizing"border-crossing"into question in the context of global diaspora and critically problematizes Williams's identity politics as schizophrenic split from British post-colonial empire.

关键词： Raymond Williams Border country identity politics optical semiotics landscape and power post-colonial Schizophrenia

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A high-quality factor hybrid plasmonic nanocavity based on distributed Bragg reflectors

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第9期25卷 507-510页

作者：屠林林张弛黄忠 jason Yau 詹鹏王振林 School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Nanjing University School of Physics University of Western Australia Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures

Herein,we propose a high-quality（Q） factor hybrid plasmonic nanocavity based on distributed Bragg reflectors（DBRs） with low propagation loss and extremely strong mode *** hybrid plasmonic nanocavity is composed of a high-index cylindrical nanowire separated from a metal surface possessing shallow DBRs gratings by a sufficiently thin low-index dielectric *** hybrid plasmonic nanocavity possesses advantages such as a high Purcell factor（Fp） of up to nearly 20000 and a gain threshold approaching 266 cm^（-1）at 1550 nm,promising a greater potential in deep sub-wavelength lasing applications.

关键词： plasmonic nanocavity photonic crystal nanowire

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and inflammation in depression:Pathogenic partners in crime?

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 77-97页

作者： Grace A Porter jason C O’Connor Department of Pharmacology UT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229United States Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229United States Audie L.Murphy VA Hospital South Texas Veterans Health SystemSan AntonioTX 78229United States

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each ***-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk factors in the pathogenesis of depression that have received considerable *** clinical and animal studies have highlighted associations between low levels of BDNF or high levels of inflammatory markers and the development of behavioral symptoms of ***,less is known about potential interaction between BDNF and inflammation,particularly within the central nervous *** evidence suggests that there is bidirectional regulation between these factors with important implications for the development of depressive symptoms and antidepressant *** levels of inflammatory mediators have been shown to reduce expression of BDNF,and BDNF may play an important negative regulatory role on inflammation within the *** this interaction more fully within the context of neuropsychiatric disease is important for both developing a fuller understanding of biological pathogenesis of depression and for identifying novel therapeutic *** we review these two prominent risk factors for depression with a particular focus on pathogenic implications of their interaction.

关键词： Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Microglia Neuroinflammation Growth factors Depression

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Blood pressure management in acute stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第2期1卷 72-82页

作者： jason P Appleton Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke Trials Unit Division of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Blood pressure(BP)is elevated in 75%or more of patients with acute stroke and is associated with poor *** to modulate BP in acute stroke has long been *** the loss of normal cerebral autoregulation,theoretical concerns are twofold:high BP can lead to cerebral oedema,haematoma expansion or haemorrhagic transformation;and low BP can lead to increased cerebral infarction or perihaematomal *** evidence from multiple large,high-quality,randomised trials is increasing our understanding of this challenging area,such that BP lowering is recommended in acute intracerebral haemorrhage and is safe in ischaemic *** we review the evidence for BP modulation in acute stroke,discuss the issues raised and look to on-going and future research to identify patient subgroups who are most likely to benefit.

关键词： Blood acute cerebral

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Sex differences in cognition and their relationship to male mate choice

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 285-293页

作者： jason KEAGY Ross MINTER Robin M.TINGHITEELLA Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA

Male cognition has gained recognition as an important potential player in sexual selection. A number of studies have found positive correlations between male sexual signals and cognitive performance an d/or female pref ere nces for males with better cog nitive performance, although other studies have not fou nd these relati on ships. Sex roles can differ dramatically, and sex differen ces in selection on cog nition likely follow from the different tasks associated with these sex roles. Here, using threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a species with clearly diverge nt sex roles and mutual mate choice, we focus on the cognitive trait inhibitory control because males must differentially respond to reproductive females versus other sticklebacks while defending territories and refrain from eating eggs and fry while performing paternal care. We presented fish with a detour task four times over a period of 7 days, allowing us to assess initial inhibitory control and improvement over time. We ask 1) whether there are sex differences in inhibitory control and 2) whether male mate choice is associated with female inhibitory control. Although males outperformed females on three different measures of detour task performance across four trials, these differences were largely explained by males being less neophobic than females. Females took more trials to successfully solve the detour task, even after accounting for sex differences in neophobia. Female cognitive abilities, however, were unrelated to the vigor with which males courted them. The equivocal results regarding sex differences in cognitive ability suggest further study given the very different selection pressures each sex experiences.

关键词： cognition detour task mutual mate choice sexual selection threespine stickleback

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Geographic patterns of plant-herbivore interactions are driven by soil fertility

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第4期12卷 653-661页

作者： Joshua S.Lynn jason D.Fridley Department of Biology Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Department of Biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Aims Geographic patterns of the intensity of plant herbivory in relation to climate factors have garnered little general support and appear to be species ***,plant-herbivore interactions are also driven by resource availability,such as soil nutrient content,and it remains unclear whether broad-scale variation in soil factors is reflected in herbivore consumption rates across species’***,we know little of how intraspecific variation in tissue quality associates with edaphic and climatic factors,and how this variation controls herbivore *** resource availability hypothesis(RAH)predicts that plant individuals growing in low-resource environments will have lower leaf nutritional quality and more constitutive defenses,which will result in lower rates of leaf *** We collected leaves from the old-field dominant species,Solidago altissima L.,from 20 sites across 10 degrees of latitude in the Eastern USA to determine the percentage leaf area consumed by insect *** obtained soil and climate data for each site,as well as plant functional and defensive traits,including specific leaf area(SLA),leaf carbon:nitrogen(C:N),and trichome *** Findings Although we found no significant latitudinal trend of leaf consump-tion rate,there was strong evidence that leaf herbivory decreased with leaf C:N and trichome density,which themselves decreased with soil N,supporting our hypothesis that the RAH applies for intraspecific variation across spatial ***,high precipitation seasonality and soil nitrogen predicted decreased *** results suggest that spatial variation in herbivory can be driven by factors other than herbivore communities and climatic gradients,and that bottom-up processes,where plant traits and soil fertility control leaf consumption,must be incorporated into spatial predictions of herbivory.

关键词： biogeography bottom-up controls old fields plant-insect interactions plant functional and defense traits

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Ecology and management of rodents in no-till agriculture in Washington, USA

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 154-164页

作者： Gary WITMER Rodney SAYLER David HUGGINS jason CAPELLI US Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA Washington State University PullmanWashingtonUSA

No-till farming is an important approach to sustainable agriculture because it can conserve soil and water ***, rodent populations can thrive under no-till conditions because burrow systems are not disrupted byannual plowing and plant residues build-up on the surface, providing cover and insulation. This can result in substantialcrop damage. We assessed rodent populations, habitat use, food habits, and crop damage in a no-till croppingsystem in Washington, USA. We also conducted preliminary trials of methods to reduce rodent populationsand crop damage. In the fall, many more rodents were captured in fields with unharvested crops than in fieldscontaining only plant stubble, suggesting that rodents leave fields after crop harvest, providing that suitable habitatsare nearby, even when adequate cover is still available in harvested crop fields. By spring, the number of volescaptured was much lower relative to fall. Despite this, capture rates were much higher in surrounding permanentgrass areas than in crop (barley, wheat, pea) fields, suggesting that these grassy areas serve as refugia for ***, the permanent grass cover type was the landscape variable most associated with rodent capture *** three winter pea fields, rodents removed 5–15% of the pea plants over winter. Examination of stomach contentsrevealed that voles mainly fed on grain plants in spring, but that their diet was more diversified in fall. Deer micefed heavily on grain plants in both spring and fall, but also used insects as food. Metal barrier exclosures (9 m × 9m), extending above and below ground, did not prevent access by rodents. Rodent populations in areas treated withzinc phosphide on grain were comparable to untreated areas 1 year after application of the rodenticide, perhaps becauseof immigration and recruitment, suggesting that baiting does not provide a long-term solution to rodent damagein no-till agricultural fields.

关键词： agriculture damage deer mouse feeding ecology Microtus Peromyscus rodent vole

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Crustacean parasites associated with hermit crabs from the western Mediterranean Sea,with first documentation of egg predation by the burrowing barnacle Trypetesa lampas(Cirripedia:Acrothoracica:Trypetesidae)

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第1期6卷 13-27页

作者： jason D.WILLIAMS Alejandra GALLARDO Angela E.MURPHY Department of Biology Hofstra UniversityHempsteadNYUSA

Parasitic isopods(family Bopyridae)and burrowing barnacles(family Trypetesidae)infesting hermit crabs were investigated from shallow subtidal collections made along the southeastern coast of Spain in 2009.A total of 713 specimens of Clibanarius erythropus(Latreille,1818)and 82 Calcinus tubularis(L.,1767)were *** shells and worm tubes inhabited by hermit crabs were collected by hand while snorkeling and were cracked to determine host species,size,sex and presence of *** species of bopyrid isopods were found on ***:the branchial parasite Bopyrissa fraiseii(Carayon,1943)and the abdominal parasite Parathelges cardonae Codreanu and Codreanu in Codreanu,*** all *** examined,Bopyrissa fraiseii was found on 0.6%of hermit crabs and *** was found on 0.3%.A redescription of *** is provided and the species is documented with light and scanning electron microscopy for the first *** Calcinus tubularis harbored parasitic isopods,but one specimen was parasitized by an unidentified rhizocephalan barnacle of the genus Septosaccus(1.2%).The burrowing barnacle Trypetesa lampas(Hancock,1849)was found associated with both hermit crab species and evidence of predation on host eggs by this barnacle is shown for the first *** lampas was found in 4.2%of the shells *** present study expands our knowledge of the parasite fauna of hermit crabs from the Mediterranean Sea and indicates that additional research is needed to determine the impact of trypetesid egg predators on hermit crab populations.

关键词： Bopyridae egg predator Isopoda parasitism Rhizocephala

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