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英国征收糖税实现最佳获益一年内含糖软饮料的消费量下降

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英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第9期24卷 481-482页

作者： jason H Y Wu kent Buse 解夕黎(译) The George Institute for Global Health UNSWSydneyAustralia The George Institute for Global Health Imperial CollegeLondonUK 中国医科大学公共卫生学院

过量摄入游离糖是导致膳食相关疾病(包括蛀牙、2型糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病)的主要因素1。含糖饮料(sugar sweetened beverages)是全球膳食中游离糖摄入的重要来源,但并无任何营养价值,这使其成为公共卫生干预措施的理想目标2-4。世界... 详细信息

过量摄入游离糖是导致膳食相关疾病(包括蛀牙、2型糖尿病、肥胖和心血管疾病)的主要因素1。含糖饮料(sugar sweetened beverages)是全球膳食中游离糖摄入的重要来源,但并无任何营养价值,这使其成为公共卫生干预措施的理想目标2-4。世界卫生组织建议各国政府对含糖饮料征税,并将其作为综合应对政策的一部分5,目前全球约有50个司法管辖区采取相应措施6。

关键词：游离糖含糖饮料软饮料心血管疾病营养价值过量摄入综合应对

The significance of midsummer movements of Autographa gamma： Implications for a mechanistic understanding of orientation behavior in a migrant moth

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 360-370页

作者： jason W. CHAPMAN Ka S. LIM Don R. REYNOLDS Department ofAgroEcology Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Kent ME4 4TB UK

The silver Y moth Autographa gamma undertakes windbome spring and fall migrations between winter breeding re- gions around the Mediterranean and summer breeding regions in northern Europe. Flight behaviors facilitating these migrations include：（i） selection of seasonally-favorable tailwinds; （ii） flying at the altitude of the fastest winds; （iii） adopting flight headings that partially counteract crosswind drift; and （iv） seasonal reversal of preferred directions between spring and fall. In the UK, ra- dar measurements indicate that migratory activity is pronounced during the spring and fall, but is usually very low during mid- summer （July）. However, an atypically intense period of high-altitude flight was recorded during July 2006, and in this study we compare the flight behavior of A. gamma during these midsummer movements with the more typical spring and fall migrations. During July 2006, activity was most intense at significantly lower altitudes than occurred in spring or fall, and was not associated with the height of the fastest winds; consequently displacement speeds were significantly slower. The most striking difference was an absence of tailwind selectivity in July with windborne movements occurring on almost every night of the month and on tailwinds from all directions. Finally, orientation behavior was quantitatively different during July, with significantly greater dis- persion of flight headings and displacements than observed in spring and fall. We discuss mechanisms which could have caused these differences, and conclude that a lack of appropriate photopcriod cues during development of the summer generation resulted in randomly-oriented ＇dispersive＇ movements that were strikingly different from typical seasonal migrations .

关键词： Long-range migration Dispersal High-altitude flight Photoperiod Entomological radar Noctuid moths

An exploration of violence, mental health and substance abuse in post-conflict Guatemala

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Health 2013年第5期5卷 825-833页

作者： Charles C. Branas Andrew R. Dinardo Victor D. Puac Polanco Michael J. Harvey jason L. Vassy kent Bream Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Family Medicine & Community Health University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Internal Medicine & Global Health Equities University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Hospitalito Atitlan Santiago Atitlan Guatemala School of Medicine Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Section of General Internal Medicine VA Boston Healthcare System Boston USA

Guatemala’s 36-year civil war officially ended in December 1996 after some 200,000 deaths and one million refugees. Despite the ceasefire, Guatemala continues to be a violent country with one of the highest homicide rates in the world. We investigated potential associations between violence, mental health, and substance abuse in post-conflictGuatemalausing a community-based survey of 86 respondents living in urban and ruralGuatemala. Overall, 17.4% of our respondents had at least one, direct violent experience during the civil war. In the post-conflict period, 90.7% of respondents reported being afraid that they might be hurt by violence, 40.7% screened positive for depression, 50.0% screened positive for PTSD, and 23.3% screened positive for alcohol dependence. Potential associations between prior violent experiences during the war and indicators of PTSD and aspects of alcohol dependence were found in regression-adjusted models (p < 0.05). Certain associations between prior civil war experiences, aspects of PTSD and alcohol dependence in this cohort are remarkable, raising concerns for the health and safety of the largely indigenous populations we studied. Higher than expected rates of depression, PTSD, and substance abuse in our cohort may be related to the ongoing violence, injury and fear that have persisted since the end of the civil war. These, in turn, have implications for the growing medical and surgical resources needed to address the continuing traumatic and post-traumatic complications in the post-conflict era. Limitations of the current study are discussed. These findings are useful in beginning to understand the downstream effects of the Guatemalan civil war, although a much larger, randomly sampled survey is now needed.

关键词： Violence Trauma Civil Conflict Latin America

Cyber risk at the edge:current and future trends on cyber risk analytics and artificial intelligence in the industrial internet of things and industry 4.0 supply chains

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 767-787页

作者： Petar Radanliev David De Roure Kevin Page jason R.C.Nurse Rafael Mantilla Montalvo Omar Santos La’Treall Maddox Pete Burnap Oxford e-Research Centre Engineering Sciences DepartmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordEngland School of Computing University of KentKentEnglandUK Cisco Research Centre Research Triangle ParkDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff UniversityCardiffWalesUK

Digital technologies have changed the way supply chain operations are *** this article,we conduct systematic syntheses of literature on the impact of new technologies on supply chains and the related cyber risks.A taxonomic/cladistic approach is used for the evaluations of progress in the area of supply chain integration in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0,with a specific focus on the mitigation of cyber *** analytical framework is presented,based on a critical assessment with respect to issues related to new types of cyber risk and the integration of supply chains with new *** paper identifies a dynamic and self-adapting supply chain system supported with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning(AI/ML)and real-time intelligence for predictive cyber risk *** system is integrated into a cognition engine that enables predictive cyber risk analytics with real-time intelligence from IoT networks at the *** enhances capacities and assist in the creation of a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and threats that arise when edge computing nodes are deployed,and when AI/ML technologies are migrated to the periphery of IoT networks.

关键词： Industry 4.0 Supply chain design Transformational design roadmap IIoT supply chain model Decision support for information management artificial intelligence and machine learning(AI/ML) dynamic self-adapting system cognition engine predictive cyber risk analytics

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Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 drives glucose oxidation to regulate macrophage inflammatory responses

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Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 drives glucose oxidat...