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Spatiotemporal vegetation cover variations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under global climate change

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第6期53卷 915-922页

作者： XU XingKui CHEN Hong jason K LEVY Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Westem Washington University Huxley College of the Environment Department of Environmental Studies 516 High Street Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis and the related Principal Components (PC) analysis are used to extract valuable vegetation cover derived information from the National Oceanic and Atmos- pheric Administration (NOAA-AVHRR)'s Leaf Area Index (LAI) satellite images. Results suggest that from 1982 to 2000 global climate change has contributed to an increase in vegetation cover in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The correlation between rainfall and LAI EOF PC1 and PC2 indicates that rainfall is the major climatic factor influencing interannual variations of average vegetation cover throughout the entire Plateau. However, annual mean vegetation cover trends in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly out of phase with air temperature increasing, which is primarily responsible for nonsynchro- nous changes of vegetation cover. In the southern ridge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, recent warming trends contribute to humid weather and favorable conditions for vegetation growth. By contrast, higher temperatures have led to arid conditions and insufficient rainfall in the northern part of the Plateau, leading to drought and other climatic conditions which are not conducive to increased vegetation cover.

关键词：青藏高原气候变化植被覆盖率时空变化经验正交函数

Implementation of an Open Science Instruction Program for Undergraduates

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 150-161页

作者： Sharon Hanna jason Pither Mathew Vis-Dunbar University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada

The scientific,social,and economic advantages that accrue from Open Science(OS)practices-ways of doing research that emphasize reproducibility,transparency,and accessibility at all stages of the research cycle-are now widely recognized in nations around the world and by international bodies such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and ***,program wide or coordinated instruction of undergraduate students in OS practices remains *** the University of British Columbia in Canada,we have started to develop a comprehensive undergraduate OS program that can be adapted to and woven into diverse subject *** report on the context and planning of the pilot module of the program,“Open Science 101”,its implementation in first-year Biology in Fall 2019,and qualitative results of an attitudinal survey of students following their course.

关键词： Undergraduate education Science education Open Science Post-Secondary science education Canada

A regression approach to ROC surface,with applications to Alzheimer's disease

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第8期55卷 1583-1595页

作者： LI JiaLiang ZHOU XiaoHua FINE jason P Department of Statistics and Applied Probability National University of Singapore 6 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117546 Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute 11 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168751 Singapore Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biostatisties and Department of Statistics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NO 27599 USA

We consider the estimation of three-dimensional ROC surfaces for continuous tests given *** way ROC analysis is important in our motivating example where patients with Alzheimer's disease are usually classified into three categories and should receive different category-specific medical *** has been no discussion on how covariates affect the three way ROC *** propose a regression framework induced from the relationship between test results and *** consider several practical cases and the corresponding inference *** are conducted to validate our *** application on the motivating example illustrates clearly the age and sex effects on the accuracy for Mini-Mental State Examination of Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： receiver operating characteristic surface volume under ROC surface rank regression transfor-mation model maximum likelihood estimation bootstrap

Parallel intelligence： toward lifelong and eternal developmental AI and learning in cyber-physical-social spaces

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第3期12卷 401-405页

作者： Fei-Yue WANG Jun jason ZHANG Xiao WANG The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Electrical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries Qingdao 266109 China

Dear editor, Fundamentally, there are only two main approaches so far in artificial intelligence （AI）： reasoning-oriented formal logic approach and function-oriented computational intelligence approach, so called Neats vs. Scuruffies, which is a reflection of the historical fight between two schools of thought for formalism and empiricism respectively in the field of AI that is continuing even today.

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Androgen deprivation therapy-associated vasomotor symptoms

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 193-197页

作者： jason M Jones Manish Kohli Charles L Loprinzi Department of Medical Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

Androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） is widely used as standard therapy in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. While efficacious, ADT is associated with multiple side effects, including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, diabetes, loss of muscle tone and altered body composition, osteoporosis, lipid changes, memory loss, gynecomastia and hot flashes. The breadth of literature for the treatment of hot flashes is much smaller in men than that in women. While hormonal therapy of hot flashes has been shown to be effective, multiple non-hormonal medications and treatment methods have also been developed. This article reviews current options for the treatment of hot flashes in patients taking ADT.

关键词： androgen deprivation therapy hot flashes vasomotor symptoms

Factors Influencing Post-disaster Reconstruction Project Management for Housing Provision in the Gaza Strip, Occupied Palestinian Territories

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第4期8卷 402-414页

作者： Adnan Enshassi Tarik Chatat jason von Meding Giuseppe Forino Civil Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Ringgold Standard Institution UNDP Gaza of the United Nations Development Programme School of Architecture and Built Environment University of Newcastle

In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the Gaza Strip has suffered regular cycles of reconstruction due to systematic destruction during Israeli military operations, as in 2006, 2008–2009, 2012, and 2014. In this context of ongoing conflict this article aims to identify, rank, and discuss the most important factors influencing post-disaster reconstruction project management(PDRPM) for housing in the Gaza Strip. A set of key factors that influence PDRPM were assembled as a result of a global literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the obtained data were analyzed using a relative importance index for each PDRPM factor. Findings are presented in six groups: housing approaches, organizational behavior, project funding, supply chain and logistics, communication and coordination, and PDRPM context. Findings indicate that the most significant factors that influence PDRPM for housing provision in the Gaza Strip are related to issues associated with financial resources. It is critical that sufficient funding should be available in order to allow organizations to undertake housing projects in an effective and efficient way. Joint efforts are required from international donors and local organizations in order to effectively manage financial resources with the ultimate goal of improving PDRPM for housing provision.

关键词： Gaza strip Israel–Palestine conflict Post-disaster housing Post-disaster project management Post-disaster reconstruction

POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES FROM SUPERCRITICAL CO_2 MICROEMULSION POLYMERIZATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第1期24卷 95-101页

作者： Wei-jun Ye jason S. Keiper Joseph M. DeSimone NSF Science and Technology Center for Environmentally Responsible Solvents and Processes Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB# 3290 Venable Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599-3290 USA Department of Chemical Engineering North Carolina State University P. O. Box 7905 Raleigh NC 27695-7905 USA

Herein, we reported the microemulsion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide. With the aid of an anionic phosphate fluorosurfactant （bis-[2-（F-hexyl）ethyl]phosphate sodium）, water-soluble/CO2-insoluble acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride monomer and N,N＇-methylene-bisacrylamide cross-linker were solubilized into CO2 continuous phase via the formation of water-in-CO2 （w/c） microemulsion water pools. Initiated by a CO2-soluble initiator, 2,2＇-azo-bisisobutyronitrile （AIBN）, cross-linked poly（acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride） particles were produced and stabilized in these w/c internal water pools. Nano-sized particles with sizes less than 20 nm in diameter and narrow particle size distributions were obtained.

关键词： Supercritical carbon dioxide Nanoparticles Microemulsion polymerization.

A critical examination of robustness and generalizability of machine learning prediction of materials properties

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1787-1795页

作者： Kangming Li Brian DeCost Kamal Choudhary Michael Greenwood jason Hattrick-Simpers Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto27 King’s College CirTorontoONCanada Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMDUSA Theiss Research La JollaCA 92037USA Canmet MATERIALS Natural Resources Canada183 Longwood Road southHamiltonONCanada

Recent advances in machine learning(ML)have led to substantial performance improvement in material database benchmarks,but an excellent benchmark score may not imply good generalization *** we show that ML models trained on Materials Project 2018 can have severely degraded performance on new compounds in Materials Project 2021 due to the distribution *** discuss how to foresee the issue with a few simple ***,the uniform manifold approximation and projection(UMAP)can be used to investigate the relation between the training and test data within the feature ***,the disagreement between multiple ML models on the test data can illuminate out-of-distribution *** demonstrate that the UMAP-guided and query by committee acquisition strategies can greatly improve prediction accuracy by adding only 1%of the test *** believe this work provides valuable insights for building databases and models that enable better robustness and generalizability.

关键词： prediction adding critical

Brain differences in ecologically differentiatec sticklebacks

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 243-250页

作者： jason KEAGY Victoria A. BRAITHWAITE Janette W. BOUGHMAN Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Populations that have recently diverged offer a powerful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. We might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, we test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have well-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits corre- lating with ecological differences. We use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. We found a tight correlation between ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes with intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, which rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared with benthic fish, which utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared with limnetic fish. These differences were erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake where anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.

关键词： brain evolution divergent selection magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb optic tectum threespinestickleback.