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Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第5期65卷 1204-1225页

作者： Guojin Zhang Yi Hu Ming-Zhong Huang Wei-Chang Huang Ding-Kun Liu Diyang Zhang Haihua Hu jason L.downing Zhong-Jian Liu Hong Ma Department of Biology 510 Mueller LaboratoryHuck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden SongjiangShanghai 201602China State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral GablesFlorida 33156USA

Orchidaceae(with>28,000 orchid species)are one of the two largest plant families,with economically and ecologically important species,and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in *** orchids,70%grow on other plants as epiphytes;epiphytes contribute up to~50%of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes,thereby contributing to the health of these *** account for over two-thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of *** phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have;been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages,although some uncertainties *** example,in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids,relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial,hampering evolutionary analyses of *** we obtained 1,450 low-copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species,including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes,and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and *** also provide generally wellsupported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic *** clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at~132 million years ago(Ma)and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 *** reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism;one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of~95%of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern *** occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K-Pg boundary,contributing to~80%of the Orchidaceae *** study provides a robust and the largest family-wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and

关键词： convergence epiphytes evolution orchids parallel rainforest phylogenomics transcriptome

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In-Vitro Micropropagation and Acclimatization of an Endangered Native Orchid Using Organic Supplements

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 380-393页

作者： Douglas De Stefano Bárbara Nogueira Souza Costa jason downing Esmaeil Fallahi Amir Ali Khoddamzadeh Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami FL USA Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Coral Gables FL USA Parma Research and Extension Center Department of Plant Sciences University of Idaho Parma ID USA

In-vitro propagation is a technique that provides a vital solution for the conservation of endangered orchid species. The media used in tissue culture can be modified through the addition of inexpensive organic materials as an alternative to expensive synthetic additives. Some organic sources, such as coconut water and fruit juice, contain significant amounts of vitamins, amino acids, and organic compounds which can act as growth regulators, making these organic sources excellent additives for in-vitro cultivation. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for in-vitro micropropagation and acclimatization of Epidendrum nocturnum using organic supplements in the growth media and various substrates at the acclimatization stage. Banana powder, coconut water, and potato dextrose were added to a basal seed sowing media and evaluated for seed germination percentage and plantlet growth. In addition, various substrates such as coconut coir, horticultural charcoal, sphagnum moss, and wood bark were evaluated for height, number of leaves, and number of shoots in the acclimatization portion of this study. The culture medium with coconut water showed a greater germination percentage (71.00% and 76.75%) compared with the control (37.50% and 45.50%) at 60 and 90 days after seed sowing, respectively. Media with organic supplements showed greater values of plant length and number of roots compared with the control. The combination of coconut coir and horticultural charcoal was shown to be more efficient than the combination of sphagnum moss, horticultural charcoal, and wood bark, as results showed greater values of plant height and number of leaves at 30, 90, and 120 days after transplantation in acclimatization of E. nocturnum.

关键词： Tissue Culture Native Orchid Plant Growth Hormones Climate Change Epidendrum nocturnum

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美国橄榄球拉拉队

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南方人物周刊 2011年第42期 20-23页

作者： jason Reed Larry downing

在美国橄榄球大联盟NFL赛场上,拉拉队女郎的表演必不可少。青春靓丽的拉拉队女郎大多性感美艳,身材曼妙,她们用肢体语言调动场内外观众情绪,为自己的主队加油打气。巴尔的摩乌鸦队每年3月左右开始选拔拉拉队员,数以千计的应征者要经历... 详细信息

在美国橄榄球大联盟NFL赛场上,拉拉队女郎的表演必不可少。青春靓丽的拉拉队女郎大多性感美艳,身材曼妙,她们用肢体语言调动场内外观众情绪,为自己的主队加油打气。巴尔的摩乌鸦队每年3月左右开始选拔拉拉队员,数以千计的应征者要经历激烈的竞争和残酷的淘汰。除了外表,球队对应征者的身体柔软度和舞蹈能力都有严格要求

关键词：橄榄球拉拉队

来源：博看期刊

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