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Spatial and Temporal Patterns of In Situ Sea Surface Temperatures within the Gulf of Mexico from 1901-2010

American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 314-343页

作者： jason allard.john v. clarke iii Barry D. Keim Department of Physics Astronomy & Geosciences Valdosta State University Valdosta GA USA Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

This work examines the spatial and temporal patterns of seasonal sea surface temperatures (SSTs) across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for the period 1901-2010. The Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, v.rsion 4 (ERSST.v.), dataset was selected for this study ov.r other reconstructions because of its 2° × 2° grid cell spatial resolution, its recent update to adjust for known biases in SST observ.tions, and its ability to be compared to other in situ studies of GoM SSTs. The monthly ERSST.v. data were av.raged seasonally for each year and grid cell in the GoM. Seasonal SST trends were then calculated for each grid cell with v.rying start dates (e.g., 1901-2010, 1911- 2010) to account for nonlinear SST changes ov.r the study period. Results indicate that the GoM SSTs closely resemble those of global annual temperature trends: SSTs warmed from 1901 to ~1940, followed by a period with little trend or a slight cooling until the mid-1970s, and then a warming afterwards through 2010. The spatial patterns and magnitudes of SST changes, howev.r, v.ried by season and location within the GoM. The spatial patterns inv.lv.d gradients with latitudinal and/or longitudinal components: a southwest-northeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in winter, an east-west (warmer-cooler) gradient in spring and fall, and a northwest-southeast (warmer-cooler) gradient in summer. The magnitude of SST changes tended to be largest in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. The long-term (1901-2010) SST trends were significant throughout the GoM in summer and fall, but only significant towards the southwestern GoM in winter and spring. These results hav. implications in discussion of climate change and its impacts on tropical activ.ty in the GoM Basin.

关键词： Sea Surface Temperature Gulf of Mexico Temperature Reconstructions Temperature v.riability

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