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Non-conventional modeling of extreme significant wave height through random sets

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第7期33卷 125-130页

作者： ZHANG Yi LAM jasmine Siu lee Division of Infrastructure Systems and Maritime Studies School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringN1-B1a-25 Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Division of Infrastructure Systems and Maritime Studies School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringN1-01b-43 Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

The analysis and design of offshore structures necessitates the consideration of wave loads. Realistic modeling of wave loads is particularly important to ensure reliable performance of these structures. Among the available methods for the modeling of the extreme significant wave height on a statistical basis, the peak over threshold method has attracted most attention. This method employs Poisson process to character- ize time-varying properties in the parameters of an extreme value distribution. In this paper, the peak over threshold method is reviewed and extended to account for subjectivity in the modeling. The freedom in selecting the threshold and the time span to separate extremes from the original time series data is incorpo- rated as imprecision in the model. This leads to an extension from random variables to random sets in the probabilistic model for the extreme significant wave height. The extended model is also applied to different periods of the sampled data to evaluate the significance of the climatic conditions on the uncertainties of the parameters.

关键词： offshore engineering extreme value distribution wave height peak over threshold randomset Pareto distribution

Saline and Heparinised Flush in Maintaining Patency ofArterial Catheters in Adult PatientsmA SystematicReview

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Journal of Health Science 2014年第12期2卷 571-583页

作者： jasmine lee Phillip Della National Heart Centre Singapore Singapore 169609 Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth 6845 Western Australia

This paper compares the effectiveness of normal saline and heparinised saline as a flushing solution in maintaining patencyof arterial catheters. Use of heparin as a flushing solution in maintaining patency of intra- arterial catheters has been a recognizedpractice. Due to its anticoagulation properties, heparin can cause side effects like heparin-induced thromhocytopenia in hypersensitivepatients. The alternative, normal saline solution increases the accuracy of patients＇ coagulation status and enhances safer clinicalpractice. A systematic search was conducted at Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, OVID and Joanna Briggs Institute. Reviewperiod covered from 1990 to 2011. Methodological validity of included studies was evaluated using SIGN grading checklists fromScottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. There is inconsistent evidence and sample sizes were too small to allow statisticalsignificance to be achieved. Meta-analysis was performed for 2 studies; results revealed that heparinised saline offers no addedadvantage over normal saline. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of heparinised saline for flushing arterial catheters. Arigorous research design is needed to determine variables known to influence patency of arterial catheters. Sound clinical judgementmust be exercised in situations that require the need of heparinised saline.

关键词： Heparinised saline, normal saline, arterial catheters, patency, nursing.

Pre-stroke DNA immunization against neurite growth inhibitors is beneficial to the recovery from focal cerebral ischemia in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第9期2卷 513-518页

作者： Xingbao Zhu jasmine lee Jill Wong Wan Loo Tan Zhongtang Feng Tinghua Wang Zhicheng Xiao Ivan Ng Department of Neurosurgery Kunming General Hospital of Chinese PLA Kunming 650032 Yunnan Province China Brain Injury Research Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery National Neuroscience Institute Singapore 408433 Institute of Neuroscience Kunming Medical College Kunming 650031 Yunnan Province China Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Singapore 117608 Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Department of Clinical Research Singapore General Hospital Singapore 169608

BACKGROUND： Inhibitory signals, i.e. neurite growth inhibitors （NGIs）, presenting on central nervous system （CNS） myelin have been shown to play a crucial role in inhibiting lesioned axonal sprouting and leading to less functional recovery. Vaccines targeting NGIs may provide multifactorial protection against brain insults by overcoming the inhibitory effects of these NGIs and boosting the immune repair mechanisms of body. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of pre-stroke DNA immunization against NGIs on the rehabilitation for sensorimotor function of rat models of focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN： A completely randomized design, and controlled experiment. SETTING： Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. MATERIALS： Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 45 to 120 days and in body mass from 180 to 250 g were provided by the Animal Center of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore. pcDNA3.1（＋）-neurite growth inhibitors （pcDNA-NGIs） a gift was provided by Dr. Xiao from the Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. METHODS： The experiment was carried out at Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore from August 2003 to April 2005. ① The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： model group （group A）, pcDNA3.1（＋） group （group B） and pcDNA-NGIs group （group C）, with 20 rats in each group. Left focal cerebral ischemia was permanently induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion with the assistance of an operating microscope. Successful middle cerebral artery occlusion was determined by a 20% decrease to baseline in the ipsilateral cerebral blood flow. 100 μg of pcDNA-NGIs eluted in phosphate-buffered saline （PBS） was intramuscularly injected into the tibial muscle once a week before middle cerebral artery occlusion for 6 weeks in group C. As control, pcD

关键词： stroke growth inhibitors cerebral ischemia

Poststroke DNA immunization against neurite growth inhibitors is beneficial to the recovery from local cerebral ischemia in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第2期2卷 65-69页

BACKGROUND： Inhibitory signals, i.e. neurite growth inhibitors （NGIs）, presenting on central nervous system （CNS） myelin have been shown to play a crucial role in inhibiting lesioned axonal sprouting and leading to less functional recovery. Vaccines targeting NGIs may provide multifactorial protection against brain insults by overcoming the inhibitory effects of these NGIs and boosting the body＇s immune repair mechanisms. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of poststroke DNA immunization against NGIs on the rehabilitation for sensorimotor function of rat models of local cerebral ischemia. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design, and controlled experiment. SETTING： Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. MATERIALS： Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 45 to 120 days and in weight from 180 to 250 grams were provided by Animal Center of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore. pcDNA3.1（＋）-neurite growth inhibitors （pcDNA-NGIs） a gift was provided by Dr. Xiao from Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. METHODS： The experiment was carried out at Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore from August 2003 to April 2005. （1）The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： pcDNA-NGIs group （group A）, pcDNA3.1 （＋） group （group B） and model group （group C）, with 20 rats in each group. Left focal cerebral ischemia （FCI） was permanently induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） with the assistance of an operating microscope. Successful MCAO was determined by a 20% decrease to baseline in the ipsilateral cerebral blood flow. 100 μg of pcDNA-NGIs eluted in phosphate-buffered saline （PBS） was intramuscularly injected into the tibial muscle once a week after MCAO for 6 weeks in group A. As control, pcDNA3.1 （＋） was also administrated in the sam

关键词： stroke(TCM) growth inhibitors, cerebral ischemia

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纯电动车仍非最佳选择

消费者报道 2014年第8期 64-65页

作者： jasmine lee

纯电动车或许符合国家发展方向,但无论从使用成本还是从养护方面,目前纯电动车均不是消费者的首选。国家正在加大对新能源汽车的推广力度。在对新能源汽车进行补贴之后,又于今年7月9日决定免征三类新能源汽车购置税。虽然国家对纯电动...

纯电动车或许符合国家发展方向,但无论从使用成本还是从养护方面,目前纯电动车均不是消费者的首选。国家正在加大对新能源汽车的推广力度。在对新能源汽车进行补贴之后,又于今年7月9日决定免征三类新能源汽车购置税。虽然国家对纯电动汽车给出了各种各样的补助,但它依旧不是消费者的最佳选择。纯电动车迎来春天?

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亚洲廉航公司抢滩香港

商业周刊（中文版） 2014年第4期 28-29页

作者： jasmine Wang Simon lee 一毫(译)

廉价航空公司已订购1500架飞机，国泰航空正想方设法封锁香港市场随着廉航进驻，“国泰航空终于坐不住了”

关键词：航空公司香港市场亚洲国泰航空

轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫促进脑缺血后神经功能恢复

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昆明医学院学报 2008年第1期29卷 52-55页

作者：朱兴宝 jasmine lee Jill WONG 肖志成范泉水 Ivan NG 解放军昆明总医院神经外科云南昆明650032 国立神经科学学院神经外科脑损伤研究实验室新加坡408433 分子和细胞生物学研究所成都军区疾病预防控制中心云南昆明650032

目的为进一步证实突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫对局部脑缺血后神经功能恢复的促进作用.方法采用永久性阻断SD大鼠大脑中动脉的方法制备左侧局部脑缺血模型;在中风前或中风后经腓肠肌注射轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫动物,每周1次,共6周;... 详细信息

目的为进一步证实突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫对局部脑缺血后神经功能恢复的促进作用.方法采用永久性阻断SD大鼠大脑中动脉的方法制备左侧局部脑缺血模型;在中风前或中风后经腓肠肌注射轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫动物,每周1次,共6周;分别采用改良神经病严重程度记分、被动逃避试验和悬臂迷宫试验评价中风后运动功能、认知行为和焦虑样情感的恢复.结果中风前或中风后进行轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫,局部脑缺血后都出现明显的运动恢复.认知行为和焦虑样情感障碍则没有明显改善.结论中风前或中风后给予轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗免疫可促进脑缺血后的运动功能恢复.

关键词：轴突生长抑制因子 DNA疫苗局部脑缺血行为

轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗对大鼠中枢神经系统的影响(英文)

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中华神经外科疾病研究杂志 2007年第3期6卷 214-218页

作者：朱兴宝 jasmine lee Jill Wong Wan Loo Tan 冯忠堂肖志成 Ivan Ng 解放军昆明总医院神经外科云南昆明650031 国立神经科学研究所神经外科急性脑损伤研究室新加坡408433 昆明医学院神经科学研究所云南昆明650031 新加坡国立大学医学部解剖学系

目的探讨轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗(pcDNA-NGIs)免疫是否会对中枢神经系统造成损害。方法以pcDNA-NGIs免疫成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠,免疫期间进行实验性自动免疫性脑髓鞘炎评分,同时观察实验动物的感觉运动功能和认知行为。结果以pcDNA-N... 详细信息

目的探讨轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗(pcDNA-NGIs)免疫是否会对中枢神经系统造成损害。方法以pcDNA-NGIs免疫成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠,免疫期间进行实验性自动免疫性脑髓鞘炎评分,同时观察实验动物的感觉运动功能和认知行为。结果以pcDNA-NGIs免疫的大鼠未出现实验性自动免疫性脑髓鞘炎症状。复合神经病学评分、粘附纸条清除试验和开放场地试验表明,pcDNA-NGIs免疫不会损害实验动物的感觉运动功能。另外,被动回避试验和主动回避试验证明,pcDNA-NGIs免疫不会引起学习和记忆障碍。结论pcDNA-NGIs免疫不会损害实验大鼠中枢神经系统。

关键词： DNA疫苗轴突生长抑制因子实验性自动免疫性脑髓鞘炎感觉运动功能缺陷认知行为

中风后抗轴突生长抑制因子DNA免疫促进局部脑缺血后神经再生(英文)

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中华神经外科疾病研究杂志 2008年第5期7卷 406-410页

作者：朱兴宝 jasmine lee Jill Wong Wan Loo Tan 王廷华冯忠堂肖志成 Ivan Ng 成都军区昆明总医院神经外科云南昆明650032 新加坡国家神经科学学院神经外科急性脑损伤实验室新加坡408433 昆明医学院神经科学研究所云南昆明650031 国立分子和细胞生物学研究所新加坡117608 新加坡国立大学医学院解剖系新加坡119074 新加坡总医院临床研究所神经生物学实验室新加坡169608

目的评价中风后给予轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗对局部脑缺血后神经再生的促进作用。方法采用阻断大脑中动脉血流成功诱导左侧局部脑缺血后,经腓肠肌注射轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗。立体定向注射生物素葡聚糖胺追踪皮质红核投射的新生轴突... 详细信息

目的评价中风后给予轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗对局部脑缺血后神经再生的促进作用。方法采用阻断大脑中动脉血流成功诱导左侧局部脑缺血后,经腓肠肌注射轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗。立体定向注射生物素葡聚糖胺追踪皮质红核投射的新生轴突。结果中风后给予轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗可增加跨过中线终止于对侧红核相应区域的生物素葡聚糖胺标记阳性交叉纤维(P<0.05)。结论中风后给予轴突生长抑制因子DNA疫苗可促进局部脑缺血后的轴突再生。

关键词：轴突生长抑制因子 DNA疫苗局部脑缺血神经再生