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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)n-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Campos-González Máximo lópez-lópez Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInn layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInn was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on si(111)substrates using Aln as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band ***-doped AlInn layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** varied the Al composition in the EBl from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using sIlVACO *** results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInn layers through *** simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInn DUV-lED EBl simulation

simultaneous removal of critical rare earth elements and chalcogen oxyanions by anaerobic granular sludge

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4595-4611页

作者： Chiara Belloni Mohanakrishnan logan stefano Papirio Piet n.l.lens University of Galway Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico II

Conventional mining of economically and strategically important critical rare earth elements(REEs)(such as neodymium, lanthanum and dysprosium), and chalcogens(such as selenium and tellurium) are associated with a huge economic and environmental cost. Therefore,the need to recover REEs as well as chalcogens from different waste streams including wastewaters is becoming urgent. Batch assays on synthetic chalcogen/REE-laden wastewater showed that the presence of REEs significantly improved the tellurite removal rate(> 80%) and enhanced selenate removal by 66% ± 10%. Three 3.9 l continuous upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed(UAsB) reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h and30 °C. selenate reduction was achieved with a removal efficiency of ～ 98% with an influent p H of 4.0 for more than 28 days. The effect of REEs on tellurite removal in the UAsB bioreactor could not be clearly established since a soluble tellurium removal efficiency of more than 98%was observed already before the addition of REEs at elevated tellurite concentrations. The complete REE removal in both batch assays and UAsB reactors at higher pH (7.0 ± 0.5) was attributed to precipitation, whereas chalcogen oxyanions removal was due to microbial reduction. However, at acidic p H, biosorption was responsible for REE's removal, and the se-enriched sludge exhibited a superior REE's removal efficiency than the non-enriched and Te-enriched sludge.

关键词： Adsorption Bioreduction Rare earth elements selenium Tellurium

Direct microwave leaching conditions of rare earth elements in fluorescent wastes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1165-1174,I0007页

作者： A.Bilen B.Birol M.n.saridede s.s.Kaplan M.s.sonmez Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials science Stevens Institute of TechnologyNew JereyUSA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The luminescent phosphor powder in the fluorescent lamp constitutes 2%of the lamp’s *** can be mentioned that fluorescent wastes are a crucial raw material to produce rare earth *** the present study,microwave leaching process was conducted to dissolve rare earth elements yttrium(Y),europium(Eu),and remaining rare earth elements(REEs)present in the phosphor powder of the fluorescent *** the yields were *** the microwave leaching process,the effects of the temperature(80-160℃),acid type(hydrochloric acid(HCl),nitric acid(HnO_(3)),sulphuric acid(H_(2)sO_(4))),acid concentration(0.5-6 mol/l),solid to liquid ratio(0.1:10-0.5:10)and reaction time(5-90 min)parameters on leaching efficiencies of varying rare earth elements and calcium were *** highest yield was obtained in the direct microwave leaching of fluorescent waste with the experimental conditions of 6 mol/l HCl,160℃,0.1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio(s:l),and 90 *** energy calculations were made,and kinetic models of the reactions were obtained,and it is observed that Y and Eu dissolution is diffusion-controlled,on the other hand,lanthanum(la),cerium(Ce),and terbium(Tb)were examined to be chemical reaction ***,calcium(Ca)and gadolinium(Gd)seem coherent with the mixed ***,mathematical models of all experimental studies are created with the response surface Box-Behnken method and the correlation coefficients of all the models are over 90%.

关键词： Rare earth elements(REEs) Direct microwave leaching Fluorescent waste Kinetic models Response surface method

Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated l-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KRUPIn M.R.nURGAlIEV A.R.nEMETs I.A.ZEMTsOV s.D.sUnTsOV T.B.MYAlTOn D.s.sERGEEV n.A.sOlOVEV D.V.sARYCHEV D.V.RYJAKOV s.n.TUGARInOV n.n.nAUMEnKO national Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow state Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JsC“sOlAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field side to the low-field side by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak l-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

Experimental implementation of phase triplicator gratings in a spatial light modulator

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Chinese Optics letters 2024年第2期22卷 64-69页

作者：高尚 María del Mar sánchez-lópez Ignacio Moreno Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Física Aplicada Universidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales Óptica y Tec.Electr´onicaUniversidad Miguel HernándezElche 03202Spain

In this work,we compare different methods for implementing a triplicator,a phase grating that generates three equiintense diffraction *** design with optimal efficiency features a continuous phase profile,which cannot be easily reproduced,and is typically affected by *** compare its performance with binary and sinusoidal phase *** also analyze the effect of quantizing the phase ***,a random approach is adopted to eliminate the additional harmonic *** all cases,a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator is employed to experimentally verify and compare the different approaches.

关键词： diffraction gratings phase modulation triplicator spatial light modulators

Ferroelectricity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Rhombohedral ZrO_(2) Thin Films

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 229-237页

作者： Veniero lenzi José P.B.silva Břetislav Šmíd Vladimir Matoín Cosmin M.Istrate Corneliu Ghica Judith l.MacManus-Driscoll luís Marques Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities(CF-UM-UP) University of MinhoCampus de Gualtar 4710-057Braga Portugal laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of Minho4710-057Braga Portugal Department of surface and Plasma science Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityV Holešovičkách 218000Prague 8 Czech Republic national Institute of Materials Physics 105 bis Atomistilor 077125Magurele Romania Department of Materials science and Metallurgy 27 Charles Babbage Rd.Cambridge CB3 OFSUK

Rhombohedral phase Hf_(x)Zr_(1.x)O_(2)(HZO,x from 0 to 1)films are promising for achieving robust ferroelectric polarization without the need for an initial wake-up pre-cycling,as is normally the case for the more commonly studied orthorhombic ***,a large spontaneous polarization observed in rhombohedral films is not fully understood,and there are also large discrepancies between experimental and theoretical *** this work,in rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films,we show that oxygen vacancies are not only a key factor for stabilizing the phase,but they are also a source of ferroelectric polarization in the *** is shown experimentally through the investigation of the structural properties,chemical composition and the ferroelectric properties of the films before and after an annealing at moderate temperature(400℃)in an oxygen environment to reduce the V_(o)concentration *** experimental work is supported by density functional theory(DFT)calculations which show that the rhombohedral phase is the most stable one in highly oxygen defective ZrO_(2)*** DFT calculations also show that V_(o)contribute to the ferroelectric *** findings reveal the importance of V_(o)for stabilizing rhombohedral ZrO_(2)thin films with superior ferroelectric properties.

关键词： charged defects ferroelectric polarization rhombohedral phase stability zirconia

A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos santos P.J.Dijkstra C.Mota J.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui l.Reis n.neves s.Camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker l.Moroni Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ICVs/3B’s-PT Government Associate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal POlYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBAsQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell *** of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface ***,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(PCl5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight PCl75k at different *** porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight PCl *** a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMsCs)was *** two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMP receptor II(BMPRII)on films with the conjugated *** addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface *** together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material ***,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending surface functionalization surface density Click chemistry Human

Empirical model for fusion cross sections of Ca-induced reactions

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Rani.l n.sowmya K.n sridhar H C.Manjunatha M.M.Armstrong Arasu Department of Physics St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A new empirical formula for the astrophysical s-factor has been suggested as a function of the Coulomb interaction parameter,center of mass energy,and barrier *** 22 fusion reactions with ^(40,48)Ca as projectiles were considered for different targets,leading to compound nuclei with atomic and mass numbers varying between 40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 and 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,*** fusion cross-sections have been estimated using the geometric factor,the Gamow-sommerfield factor,and the empirical formula for the *** study's findings showed better agreement with those of available experiments when compared to Wong's *** present work leads to a smaller standard deviation value than Wong's formula when used to correlate the experimental data of calcium-induced fusion ***'s formula provides a good approximation of fusion cross-sections when the center of mass energy is below the fusion barrier when compared to above the fusion barrier.

关键词： fusion cross-sections Wong formula Gamow-sommerfield-factor Geometric-factor s-factor

Comprehensive analysis of uncertainty quantification for the^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 170-175页

作者： Mahesh Choudhary Aman sharma namrata singh Mahima Upadhyay Punit Dubey A.Gandhi Akash Hingu G Mishra sukanya De l.s.Danu Ajay Kumar R.G.Thomas saurav sood sajin Prasad s.Mukherjee I.n.Ruskov Yu.n.Kopatch A.Kumar Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei national Institute of Physics and nuclear Engineering-IFIn-HH Bucharest 077125Romania Department of Physics The Maharaja Sayajirao University of BarodaVadodara 390002India nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Electrical Power Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno 61600Czech Republic Institute for nuclear Research and nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia 1784Bulgaria Joint Institute for nuclear Research(JInR) Dubna 141980Russia

In this study,we measured the^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section with neutron energies of 1.06,1.86,and 2.85 *** cross section was measured using neutron activation techniques andγ-ray spectroscopy,and it was compared with cross section data available in the ***,we calculated the covariance matrix of the measured cross section for the aforementioned nuclear *** uncertainties of the theoretical calculation for^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section were calculated via Monte Carlo *** this study,we used uncertainties in the optical model and level density parameters to calculate uncertainties in the theoretical cross *** theoretical calculations were performed by using *** this study,we aim to analyze the effect of uncertainties of the nuclear model input as well as different experimental variables used to obtain the values of reaction cross section.

关键词： ^(58)ni(n p)^(58)Co reaction γ-ray spectroscopy uncertainty quantification of cross section covariance analysis