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On the importance of concomitant conditions: Light and conspecific presence modulate prey response to predation cue

Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 354-359页

作者： Łukasz Jermacz jarostaw kobak Nicolaus Copernicus University Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Ecology and BiogeographyLwowska 187-100 TorunPoland Nicolaus Copernicus University Faculty of Biological and Veterinary SciencesDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology and ParasitologyLwowska187-100 TorunPoland

Assessment of individual costs of the anti-predator defence translating into changes in population parameters is *** is because prey responses are likely to be modulated by additional factors,commonly present in the environment,but often neglected in experimental *** evaluate the effect of external factors on prey behavior and physiology,we exposed amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to the predation cue of Perca fluviatilis in different densities and light *** of both species exposed to the predation cue in light modified their oxygen consumption(***:reduction,***:increase)compared to their respiration in predator-free ***,in the presence of conspecifics or in darkness,their respiration became insensitive to the predation *** the other hand,the swimming activity of prey was reduced in the presence of the predation cue irrespective of prey density and light conditions,but singletons were consistently more active than ***,external factors,such as conspecifics and darkness,constantly or periodically occurring in the field,may reduce the costs of predator non-consumptive effects compared to the costs measured under laboratory conditions(in light or absence of conspecifics).Moreover,we showed that behavioral and physiological parameters of prey may change differently in response to predation ***,conclusions drawn on the basis of single defence mechanisms and/or results obtained in artificial conditions,not reflecting the environmental complexity,strongly depend on the experimental design and endpoint selection and therefore should be treated with care.

关键词： anti-predator response fear effects non-lethal effects predator-prey interactions predation risk trait-mediated effects

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Differences in predator-avoidance behavior between two invasive gobies and their native competitors

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 727-737页

作者： Mateusz Augustyniak Kalina Kotacka jarostaw kobak Piotr Hliwa Piotr Ktosinski Matgorzata Poznanska-Kakareko tukasz Jermacz Tomasz Kakareko Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 187-100TorunPoland Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunLwowska 187-100TorunPoland Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture University of Warmia and MazuryOczapowskiego 510-719OlsztynPoland

Globally,fish are frequently introduced beyond their native ***,like Ponto-Caspian gobies,are becoming invasive,achieving high colo-nization rates and constituting frequent prey for native ***,little is known about the effectiveness of antipredator behaviors of the invaders,which may shape their role in the invaded community and contribute to the invasion *** compared antipredator behaviors of invasive gobies and native fish species after their detection by the predator,when the danger becomes *** studied 2 fish pairs,each consisting of an invasive and native species co-occurring in the environment and belonging to the same prey guild:(1)the racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus versus European bulhead Cottus gobio,(2)the monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis versus gudgeon Gobio gobio,facing a naive predator(the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis).We analyzed behaviors of single prey individuals(escaping,staying in shelter,and activity)and sin-gle predators(activity,searching,following,capturing,and latency to prey consumption).In the predator presence,the bullhead was less active and more often managed to escape after capture than the racer *** gudgeon escaped before the capture more often than the monkey *** predator succeeded later with the bullhead compared to racer goby,whereas no differences in ingestion time occurred between the gudgeon and monkey *** results suggest that,in terms of hunting effort of native predators,the invasive gobies are equivalent to or more profitable prey than their native analogs,which can facilitate the integration of the gobies into local food webs.

关键词： antipredator behavior fish behavior invasive prey native predator predator-prey interactions

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