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REAL CODED GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR sTOCHAsTIC HYDROTHERMAL GENERATION sCHEDULING

Journal of systems science and systems Engineering 2011年第1期20卷 87-109页

作者： jarnail s.dhillon J.s.dhillon D.P.KOTHARI G.Z.s.College of Engineering and Technology sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Vindhya Institute of Technology and science

The intent of this paper is to schedule short-term hydrothermal system probabilistically considering stochastic operating cost curves for thermal power generation units and uncertainties in load demand and reservoir water inflows. Therefore, the stochastic multi-objective hydrothermal generation scheduling problem is formulated with explicit recognition of uncertainties in the system production cost coefficients and system load, which are treated as random variable. Fuzzy methodology has been exploited for solving a decision making problem involving multiplicity of objectives and selection criterion for best compromised solution. A real-coded genetic algorithm with arithmetic-average-bound-blend crossover and wavelet mutation operator is applied to solve short-term variable-head hydrothermal scheduling problem. Initial feasible solution has been obtained by implementing the random heuristic search. The search is performed within the operating generation limits. Equality constraints that satisfy the demand during each time interval are considered by introducing a slack thermal generating unit for each time interval. Whereas the equality constraint which satisfies the consumption of available water to its full extent for the whole scheduling period is considered by introducing slack hydro generating unit for a particular time interval. Operating limit violation by slack hydro and slack thermal generating unit is taken care using exterior penalty method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on two sample systems.

关键词： stochastic multi-objective optimization real-coded genetic algorithm fuzzy set economicload dispatch

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Low Prevalence of Campylobacteriosis in the Northern Region of India

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第3期5卷 155-165页

作者： Chetana Vaishnavi Meenakshi singh jarnail singh Thakur Babu Ram Thapa Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India Department of Community Medicine (school of Public Health) Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India

Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial enteropathogens of food borne origin in industrialized countries with C. jejuni being the most common species followed by C. coli. The prevalence of Campylobacters in and around Chandigarh, India was studied by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Fecal samples from 1145 diarrheal patients and 102 healthy subjects from hospital and community were cultured on Campylobacter media and identified by Gram stain, biochemical investigations and serotyping. Molecular identification of Campylobacter isolates was done using specific primers to unique regions of 16s rRNA, Campylobacter jejuni (hipO), Campylobacter coli (aspK), Campylobacter lari (glyA) and Campylobacter upsaliensis (lpxA) genes. Identification of specific genes to look for resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin and streptomycin was also done. Campylobacters were isolated from 2.6% of patients with diarrhea. Campylobacteriosis was more prevalent in children ≤5 years old and during summer season. The most frequent serotypes were s:27, B:2, Z5:52 and V:32. All the Campylobacters isolated by culture were confirmed genotypically by identification of 16s rRNA, hipO and aspK genes. Of the 30 isolates, 27 were C. jejuni and 3 were C. coli. No C. lari or C. upsaliensis were detected. Antibiotic resistance was 40% for nalidixic acid, 23.3% for ciprofloxacin, 50% for tetracyclin and 20% for streptomycin. Campylobacter prevalence is low in the region with C. jejuni being the most common species. A high degree of resistance was found for nalidixic acid and tetracyclin but moderate for ciprofloxacin and streptomycin.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Campylobacter Diarrheas Molecular Investigation Phenotypes serotyping

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