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Language of plants: Where is the word?

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 343-349页

作者： Maja impraga Junji Takabayashi jarmo k.holopainen Botanical Garden Faculty of Science Ghent University Department of Environmental Science University of Eastern Finland Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University

Plants emit biogenic volatile organic compounds（BVOCs） causing transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral responses in receiver organisms. Volatiles involved in such responses are often called ＂plant language＂. Arthropods having sensitive chemoreceptors can recognize language released by plants. Insect herbivores, pollinators and natural enemies respond to composition of volatiles from plants with specialized receptors responding to different types of compounds. In contrast, the mechanism of how plants＂hear＂ volatiles has remained obscured. In a plant-plant communication, several individually emitted compounds are known to prime defense response in receiver plants with a specific manner according to the chemical structure of each volatile compound. Further, composition and ratio of volatile compounds in the plant-released plume is important in plantinsect and plant-plant interactions mediated by plant volatiles. Studies on volatile-mediated plant-plant signaling indicate that the signaling distances are rather short, usually not longer than one meter. Volatile communication from plants to insects such as pollinators could be across distances of hundreds of meters. As many of the herbivore induced VOCs have rather short atmospheric life times, we suggest that in long-distant communications with plant volatiles,reaction products in the original emitted compounds may have additional information value of the distance to emission source together with the original plant-emitted compounds.

关键词： Green leaf volatiles plant-insect communication plant language semiochemicals volatiles

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Effects of Rising Temperature on Secondary Compounds of Yeheb (<i>Cordeauxia edulis</i>Hemsley)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 517-527页

作者： Meseret C. Egigu Mohamed A. Ibrahim Johanna Riikonen Asha Yahya Toini holopainen Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto jarmo k. holopainen Department of Biology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Biology University of Eastern Finland Joen-suu Finland Department of Crop Production Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Uppsala Sweden Department of Environmental Science University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Campus Kuopio Finland The Finnish Forest Research Institute Suonenjoki Finland

The effects of temperature on net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, emission of foliar volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and phenolics were investigated after exposing Cordeauxia edulis seedlings to control (27/19°C) and three levels of elevated (32/23, 37/27, or 42/31°C) day/night temperature regimes in controlled growth chambers. Emissions of foliar VOC were measured on 7th and 14th day (d) of exposures, whereas net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured on the 8th and 15th d. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not significantly affected by elevated temperatures. Emission rate of isoprene increased by 4-fold with 10°C rise from the control on 7th d of exposure. Emission rates of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and total isoprenoids increased to 2-5-fold higher than that of control plants with 5°C rise. Foliar isoprene emission peaked at daytime maximum of 37°C and the mono- and sesquiterpenes at 32°C. Few individual foliar phenolics, and total foliar phenolics showed significant concentration differences between treatments. Although high VOC emissions under warming appeared to help plants to sustain abiotic stresses, arid/semi-arid species might substantially release highly reactive compounds that affect atmospheric chemistry. Hence, more studies are required on plant species of arid/semi-arid ecosystems of Africa to estimate the emission patterns and their role in atmospheric chemistry under the predicted future atmospheric warming.

关键词： Cordeauxia edulis Climatic Warming Elevated Temperature Gas Exchange Isoprenoids Phenolics

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