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Environmental Health Graduates’ Work Skills Competencies: Perspectives from the Employers and the Graduates

Health 2019年第2期11卷 182-194页

作者： Hellen Jepngetich kipkulei japheth Caleb Nyamwange Joyce Baliddawa Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Behavioural Sciences and Ethics School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Introduction: Environmental health is a rapidly evolving field, and professionals working in this field have to deal with increasingly complex environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, their skill development is a key component in ascertaining their abilities to match work requirements to the satisfaction of their employers. Training and education of these professionals requires involvement of the relevant stakeholders to apt their technical skills in preparation of the role to be undertaken. Thus, the universities and other institutions of higher learning, in their efforts to improve graduate output should understand the labor market. Additionally, due to constant transformation and reorganization of strategies and plans by practitioner organizations, employers’ perspective in assessing graduates’ abilities and performance is necessary. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the employers’ perspectives on the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design involving employers and graduates of environmental health program of Moi University using mixed methods was carried out. Pretested semi structured paper questionnaires were administered to 45 employers, while online survey was carried out on 227 sampled graduates. In-depth interviews were further subjected to the graduates to corroborate issues raised. Quantitative data analysis was done using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 20 where the data was summarized using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Results: The overall employer assessment of the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands was satisfactory with 18 (46.1% 7 of the employers rating them as good). On self-assessment, 116 (61.7%) of the graduates reported not to have faced any skills competency challenge at their work place and only 57 (30.3%) reported adequacy in skills acquired during undergraduate training. From the in-

关键词： Environmental Health Graduates Employer Perspectives & Work Demands

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Evaluation of the Completeness in the Filling of Laboratory Request Forms Submitted to the Haematology Laboratory at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

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Health 2019年第7期11卷 862-868页

作者： japheth C. kipkulei Teresa C. Lotodo Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background information: The laboratory request form is a communication link between the clinicians and the laboratory staff. It contains demographic details of the patient including full names, age and gender;the test required;location of the patient;date and time of request among other details. Incomplete and inaccurate filling of the request forms may cause errors which can impact on the quality of the patient care. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross sectional where 289 laboratory request forms submitted consecutively to the haematology laboratory during the month of January 2018 were evaluated. Data was collected using a data collection form and analyzed by use of frequency table. Ethical clearance was sought from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: Of all the 289 forms evaluated, only 1% (3/289) had all the required information. The parameters with the most information were patient’s name (100%), hospital number (100%), sex (99.7%), age (98.3%), investigation requested (97.6%), the location of the patient (96.9%), clinician’s name (96.9%) and signature (96.5%). The least information was recorded for clinical history (14.7%) and address of the patient (4.8%). Conclusion: The study showed that there were inadequacies in the recording of the required information in the laboratory request form. The parameters which were completely filled were the patient’s name and the hospital number, whereas the address and the clinical history had the least completion rates.

关键词： Laboratory Request Forms Required Information Completion

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Demographic and Clinical Profiles of Blood Transfusion Recipients at a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 30-40页

作者： japheth C. kipkulei Nathan Buziba Simeon Mining Hellen Jepngetich Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Immunology School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It is required universally to manage various medical, surgical and obstetric conditions. Establishing the profiles of blood recipients would help in predicting the long term needs of blood transfusion as changing patterns of populations, diseases and health care will result in changing demands for blood and blood components. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of blood use in terms of demographic and clinical profiles of the recipients. Methods: A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used;data were collected using a structured data collection form and was analyzed using frequency tables. Results: The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 0 to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients, of which 57.7% were in the reproductive age group (15 - 49 years). The majority of the recipients (60%) were from surgical and medical wards. The main indication of the transfusion was anaemia (62.8%) and most of the transfused patients were being treated for neoplasms (23.2%), pregnancy and childbirth related conditions (11.7%), injuries (11.5%) and infections (11.4%). Conclusion: Majority of the transfused patients were relatively young and were females. Anemia was the main indication of the transfusion and most of the transfused recipients presented with neoplasms, pregnancy and childbirth related conditions, infections and injuries.

关键词： Blood Transfusion Blood Use Presenting Condition International Classification of Disease (ICD)

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Assessment Methods Used during Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education at Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya

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Health 2022年第3期14卷 296-305页

作者： japheth kipkulei Simon Kangethe Frankline Boibanda Hellen Jepngetich Teresa Lotodo Joel Kirinyet Department of Pathology Thematic Section of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Community Health Family Medicine and Medical Education School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve teaching and learning. It ensures quality in training programmes, motivates, and directs students’ learning. Assessment is also used for verification of achievement of objectives of training, feedback to students, licencing, certification, and screening of students for advanced training. It is guided by several principles, including the aims of the assessment (why assess), who to assess, timing (when to assess), what to assess, methods (how to assess), and the criteria for determining the usefulness of the assessment. Objective: To describe the assessment methods used during clinical years of the undergraduate programme at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM) and determine the student’s perspectives concerning the comprehensiveness, relevance, objectivity of various assessment methods and challenges faced. Methodology: The study was carried out at MUSOM and a cross-sectional study design was employed. Ten study participants were studied using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide and was analyzed using content analysis. An informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Results: The methods used during clinical years at MUSOM for assessing knowledge and its applications include multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short answer questions (SAQ), modified essay questions (MEQ), long essay questions (LEQ), and oral exam. Whereas the methods for assessing clinical competence include long case, short cases, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and logbook. Students felt that MCQs were comprehensive, objective, and relevant to the curriculum content. They reported that feedback was not provided after assessments. Conclusion: The assessment methods used at MUSOM during clinical years include MCQ, SAQ, MEQ, LEQ, Short cases, long cases, and OSCE. Students reported varied perceptions of the

关键词： Medical Education Assessment Methods Clinical Years Undergraduate

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Bone Marrow Aspirate and Trephine Biopsy Procedure in a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 124-132页

作者： Teresa Lotodo Beatrice Melly Christopher M. Wanjiku Caroline Kilachi Austin Omondi japheth kipkulei Moi University Eldoret Kenya Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Eldoret Kenya AMPATH Oncology Eldoret Kenya Duke University Hospital Durham North Carolina

Introduction: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsies are carried out principally to permit cytological assessment of marrow. The procedure is also indicated for immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular and other specialized investigations. The skill to perform bone marrow aspirate and biopsy is usually acquired by the medical personnel through apprenticeship during their training. The training includes performing the procedure, indications, contraindications, and associated hazards. Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) being a specialized Hospital in Western Kenya has several staff trained on performing the procedure. Objective: To assess the performance of bone marrow procedure by clinicians at a teaching and referral hospital. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done involving 40 clinicians working in the hematology clinic and medical wards from June to December 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and data analysis was done using frequency tables. Approval to carry out the study was sought from the institutional IRB. Results: Patients attended to were predominantly adults 33 (83%). The superior posterior iliac crest was the commonest site for the procedure and disposable needles were routinely used in 33 (83%) of the patients. Pain and excessive bleeding 18 (45%) were the commonest complications associated with the procedure. Conclusion: Most of the clinicians involved doing the procedure were residents/registrars. Most of the patients attended to were adults (83%) and majority of the clinicians performed the procedure on the posterior iliac site (96%) using disposable needles (83%). Local anesthesia was commonly used during the procedure (88%). The common complications associated with the bone marrow procedure were pain and excessive bleeding (45%).

关键词： Bone Marrow Aspiration Bone Marrow Needles Complications of Bone Marrow Procedure Site for Bone Marrow Procedure Trephine Biopsy

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