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A Eulerian population balance/Monte Carlo approach for simulating laminar aluminum dust flames

Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 323-343页

作者： Fabian Sewerin jannis finke Emmy Noether Group for Dispersed Multiphase Flows Chair of Mechanical Process EngineeringOtto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106 MagdeburgGermany

Recently,metal powders have been conceptualized as carbon-free recyclable energy carriers that may form a cornerstone of a sustainable energy economy.The combustion of metal dusts in oxidizing atmospheres is exothermal and yields oxide particles that could,potentially,be retrieved and,subsequently,recharged by conversion to pure metals using green primary energy sources.As a step towards a predictive tool for designing metal dust combustors,we present a fully Eulerian modelling approach for laminar particle-laden reactive flows that is,conceptually,based on a population balance description of the dispersed particles and relies on a stochastic Eulerian solution strategy.While the population balance equation(PBE)is formulated for the number-weighted distribution of characteristic properties among all particles near a spatial location,it is kinetically informed by the rates at which mass,momentum and heat are exchanged between the carrier gas and the particulate phase on the single particle level.Within the scope of the Eulerian Monte Carlo solution scheme,the property distribution is discretely represented in terms of the total number density and a finite number of property samples and the computational work is channelled towards the Eulerian estimation of mean particle properties.For the case of reactive aluminum particles,we combine a kinetic description of the gas-particle heat and mass transfer with a transport-limited continuum formulation to obtain rate expressions that are valid across the entire particle size range from the free molecular through the continuum regime.Besides velocity,the particle properties include only the particle mass,temperature and oxide mass fraction.This set of thermochemical degrees of freedom is retained also as phase transitions due to melting occur,drawing on a smooth blend of the solid and liquid thermodynamic and material properties.The particle-level formulation encompasses aluminum evaporation,surface oxidation,scavenging of oxide smoke,oxide evaporation/dissociation and radi

关键词： Metal dust combustion Aluminum Population balance Eulerian Monte Carlo

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Metabolic regulation of immune responses to cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第11期19卷 1528-1542页

作者： jannis WiBfeld Anke Werner Xin Yan Nora ten Bosch Guoliang Cui Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology(HI-TRON) Mainz 55131Germany T Cell Metabolism Group(D192) German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany

The tumor microenvironment is an ecosystem composed of multiple types of cells, such as tumor cells, immune cells, and cancerassociated fibroblasts. Cancer cells grow faster than non-cancerous cells and consume larger amounts of nutrients. The rapid growth characteristic of cancer cells fundamentally alters nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment and results in reprogramming of immune cell metabolic pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids, beyond being essential to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells, also regulates a broad spectrum of cellular signal transduction, and influences immune cell survival, differentiation, and anti-tumor effector function. The cancer immunometabolism research field is rapidly evolving, and exciting new discoveries are reported in high-profile journals nearly weekly. Therefore, all new findings in this field cannot be summarized within this short review. Instead, this review is intended to provide a brief introduction to this rapidly developing research field, with a focus on the metabolism of two classes of important nutrients-lipids and amino acids-in immune cells. We highlight recent research on the roles of lipids and amino acids in regulating the metabolic fitness and immunological functions of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of “editing” metabolic pathways in immune cells to act synergistically with currently available immunotherapies in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses.

关键词： Lipids amino acids cancer anti-tumor immunity T cells NK cells metabolism immunometabolism

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Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibitors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Potential therapeutic implications

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 437-438页

作者： Stergios A Polyzos jannis Kountouras Athanasios D Anastasilakis Evangelos Terpos First Laboratory of Pharmacology Medical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiMacedoniaGreece Second Medical Clinic Aristotle University of ThessalonikiIppokration HospitalThessalonikiMacedoniaGreece Department of Endocrinology 424 General Military HospitalThessalonikiMacedoniaGreece Department of Clinical Therapeutics School of MedicineNational and Kapodestrian University of AthensAthensGreece

To the Editor:We read with considerable interest the paper of Shree Harini and Ezhilarasan,summarizing the possible pathophysiological connections between the modulators of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)[1].The au-thors supported with evidence that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to hepatic homeostasis by regulating hepatic development,regeneration and metabolism.They also supported that dysregula-tion of modulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not only impli-cated in the development of NAFLD,but also in its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),hepatic fibrosis and hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC).

关键词： hepatic NAFLD nonalcoholic

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EndoN treatment allows neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards a lesion within the prefrontal cortex of rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1740-1747页

作者： jannis Gundelach Michael Koch Department of Neuropharmacology Center for Cognitive Sciences University of Bremen

The binding properties of neural cell adhesion molecule are modulated by a polysialic acid moiety. This plays an important role in the migration of adult born neuroblasts from their area of origin, the subventricular zone, towards the olfactory bulb. Polysialisation increases the migration speed of the cells and helps to prevent the neuroblasts from leaving their migration route, the rostral migratory stream. Here, we evaluated the potential of intraventricular application of endoneuraminidase-N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule, in a rat model for structural prefrontal cortex damage. As expected, endoneuraminidase-N caused the rostral migratory stream to become wider, with a less uniform cellular orientation. Furthermore, endoneuraminidase-N treatment caused the neuroblasts to leave the rostral migratory stream and migrate towards the lesioned tissue. Despite the neuroblasts not being differentiated into neurons after a survival time of three weeks, this technique provides a solid animal model for future work on the migration and differentiation of relocated neuroblasts and might provide a basis for a future endogenous stem cell-based therapy for structural brain damage. The experiments were approved by the local animal care committee(522-27-11/02-00, 115;Senatorin für Wissenschaft, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz, Bremen, Germany) on February 10, 2016.

关键词： endogenous stem cells endoneuraminidase neural cell adhesion molecule neuroblast migration olfactory bulb polisialic acid structural brain damage subventricular zone

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3D U-Net Segmentation Improves Root System Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 598-611页

作者： Tobias Selzner jannis Horn Magdalena Landl Andreas Pohlmeier Dirk Helmrich Katrin Huber Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken Sven Behnke Andrea Schnepf Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Agrosphere(IBG-3)JuelichGermany Autonomous Intelligence Systems Group University of BonnBonnGermany Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH Juelich Supercomputing CenterJuelichGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used to image root systems grown in opaque soil.However,reconstruction of root system architecture(RSA)from 3-dimensional(3D)MRI images is challenging.Low resolution and poor contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs)hinder automated reconstruction.Hence,manual reconstruction is still widely used.Here,we evaluate a novel 2-step work flow for automated RSA reconstruction.In the first step,a 3D U-Net segments MRI images into root and soil in super-resolution.In the second step,an automated tracing algorithm reconstructs the root systems from the segmented images.We evaluated the merits of both steps for an MRI dataset of 8 lupine root systems,by comparing the automated reconstructions to manual reconstructions of unaltered and segmented MRI images derived with a novel virtual reality system.We found that the U-Net segmentation offers profound benefits in manual reconstruction:reconstruction speed was doubled(+97%)for images with low CNR and increased by 27%for images with high CNR.Reconstructed root lengths were increased by 20%and 3%,respectively.Therefore,we propose to use U-Net segmentation as a principal image preprocessing step in manual work flows.The root length derived by the tracing algorithm was lower than in both manual reconstruction methods,but segmentation allowed automated processing of otherwise not readily usable MRI images.Nonetheless,model-based functional root traits revealed similar hydraulic behavior of automated and manual reconstructions.Future studies will aim to establish a hybrid work flow that utilizes automated reconstructions as scaffolds that can be manually corrected.

关键词： Root utilize otherwise

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Helicobacter pylori,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer relationship:Unrolling the tangle

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第5期14卷 959-972页

作者： Christos Liatsos Apostolis Papaefthymiou Nikolaos Kyriakos Michail Galanopoulos Michael Doulberis Marios Giakoumis Evangelia Petridou Christos Mavrogiannis Theodore Rokkas jannis Kountouras Department of Gastroenterology 401 General Military Hospital of AthensAthens 11525Greece Gastroenterology University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41336Greece Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical University DepartmentKantonsspital AarauAarau 1234Switzerland Department of Microbiology “Agia Sofia”Paediatric HospitalGoudiAthens 11527Greece Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit Faculty of NursingKifissia General and Oncology HospitalKaliftakiN.Kifisia 14564Greece Gastroenterological Clinic Henry Dunant HospitalAthens 11525Greece Department of Internal Medicine Second Medical ClinicIppokration HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 41336MacedoniaGreece

Helicobacter pylori infection(Hp-I)represents a typical microbial agent intervening in the complex mechanisms of gastric homeostasis by disturbing the balance between the host gastric microbiota and mucosa-related factors,leading to inflammatory changes,dysbiosis and eventually gastric cancer.The normal gastric microbiota shows diversity,with Proteobacteria[Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)belongs to this family],Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Bacteroides and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla.Most studies indicate that H.pylori has inhibitory effects on the colonization of other bacteria,harboring a lower diversity of them in the stomach.When comparing the healthy with the diseased stomach,there is a change in the composition of the gastric microbiome with increasing abundance of H.pylori(where present)in the gastritis stage,while as the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progresses to gastric cancer,the oral and intestinal-type pathogenic microbial strains predominate.Hp-I creates a premalignant environment of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and the subsequent alteration in gastric microbiota seems to play a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis itself.Successful H.pylori eradication is suggested to restore gastric microbiota,at least in primary stages.It is more than clear that Hp-I,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer constitute a challenging tangle and the strong interaction between them makes it difficult to unroll.Future studies are considered of crucial importance to test the complex interaction on the modulation of the gastric microbiota by H.pylori as well as on the relationships between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Gastric microbiota Gastric cancer Oncogenesis Dysbiosis Helicobacter pylori eradication

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Comment on “Effect of biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori on the efflux-mediated resistance to commonly used antibiotics”

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6194-6196页

作者： Evangelos I Kazakos Nick Dorrell Stergios A Polyzos Georgia Deretzi jannis Kountouras Department of Medicine the Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of ThessalonikiIppokration Hospital Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology Faculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Neurology Multiple Sclerosis UnitPapageorgiou General Hospital

Attaran et al[1] have recently shown that decreased susceptibility of established Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) biofilms to specific antibiotics,was associated with the overtly enhanced transcription of two efflux pump genes,hp1165 and hef A,involved in specific resistance to tetracycline and multiple antibiotics,respectively. Apart from antibiotic exposure,secretion of multiple antimicrobial peptides,such as human β-defensins(hβDs),by the gastric epithelium upon Hp challenge,may act as early triggering events that positively impact biofilm formation and thus,antibiotic resistance. In this regard,we undertook genomic transcriptional studies using Hp 26695 strain following exposure to sublethal,similar to those present in the gastric niche,concentrations of hβDs in an attempt to provide preliminary data regarding possible mechanisms of immune evasion and selective sensitivity of Hp. Our preliminary results indicate that hβD exposure ignites a rapid response that is largely due to the activation of several,possibly interconnected transcriptional regulatory networks – origons-that ultimately coordinate cellular processes needed to maintain homeostasis and successful adaptation of the bacterium in the gastric environment. In addition,we have shown that both antibiotic and hβD resistance are mediated by dedicated periplasmic transporters,including the aforementioned efflux pump genes hp1165 and hef A,involved in active export of antibiotics from the cell membrane and/or,as recently suggested,substrate sensing and signalling. Furthermore,itappears that sublethal doses of hβDs may enhance biofilm formation by the sustained expression of,mainly,quorum sensing-related genes. In conclusion,we provide additional data regarding the role of specific innate immune molecules in antibiotic cross-resistance mechanisms that may deepen our understanding in the context of the development of novel eradication regimens.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Human β-defensins Biofilm Antimicrobial resistance

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Dissociating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from hepatocellular carcinoma in obesity

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 73-76页

作者： Stergios A.Polyzos jannis Kountouras Antonis Goulas Eleni Papakonstantinou Paraskevi Papaioannidou First Laboratory of Pharmacology School of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece Second Medical Clinic School of MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece

Introduction The prevalence of obesity has increased over the last decades reaching epidemic proportions:39%of adults were overweight or obese in 2016 worldwide,according to World Health Association(https://www.***.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight).Moreover,obesity is linked to metabolic syndrome(MetS)and related comorbidities,including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular disease(CVD)and malignancies,thus resulting in higher mortality for obese individuals(1).

关键词： obesity mortality nonalcoholic

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Wireless capsule endoscopy in detecting small-intestinal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6075-6079页

作者： Panagiotis Katsinelos jannis Kountouras Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis Kostas Fasoulas George Paroutoglou Departmentof Endoscopy and Motility Unit Central HospitalThessalonikiGreece Second Departmentof Internal Medicine Aristotle University of ThessalonikiHippokration Hospital

AIM:To detect the prevalence of small bowel polyps by wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP).METHODS:We examined prospectively 14 patients with FAP to assess the location,size and number of small-intestinal polyps.Patients'age,sex,years of observation after surgery,type of surgery,duodenal polyps and colorectal cancer at surgery were analyzed.RESULTS:During WCE,polyps were detected in 9/14(64.3%)patients.Duodenal adenomatous polyps were found in nine(64.3%)patients,and jejunal and ileal polyps in seven(50%)and eight(57.1%),respectively.The Spigelman stage of duodenal polyposis was associated with the presence of jejunal and ileal polyps.Identification of the ampulla of Vater was not achieved with WCE.Importantly,the findings of WCE had no immediate impact on the further clinical management of FAP patients.No procedure-related complications were observed in the patients.CONCLUSION:WCE is a promising noninvasive new method for the detection of small-intestinal polyps.Further investigation is required to determine which phenotype of FAP is needed for surveillance with WCE.

关键词：小肠检测家族内镜胶囊无线肉性腺

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