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Comparative utility of vestibular function tests in patients with peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction

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j.urnal of Otology 2024年第1期19卷 5-9页

作者： Cameron B.Fattahi Christopher Zaro janice j.Chung Richard F.Lewis Divya A.Chari Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery UMASS Memorial Medical CenterUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA j.nks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and EarBostonMAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and EarHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Neurology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background: Bithermal caloric irrigation, video head impulse test(vHIT), and rotational testing are commonly used to assess peripheral vestibular function, but the relative clinical utility of each test in differentiating patients with peripheral vestibulopathy is ***: To determine whether(1) the combination of two or more vestibular tests enhances diagnostic utility over a single test;(2) abnormal test results on vestibular tests correlate with one ***: Retrospective analysis of data collected from multidisciplinary vestibular clinics at two academic medical centers from 2016 to ***: 150 patients(54.10 ± 15.09 years, 88 females) were included. No individual test was significantly better at predicting the presence of peripheral vestibular damage(p > 0.05). vHIT test results improved significantly when combined with either the caloric test(p = 0.007) or rotary chair test(p = 0.039). Caloric and rotational testing had high sensitivity(74.65% and 76.06%, respectively) and specificity(83.54% and 78.48%, respectively). vHIT demonstrated excellent specificity(89.87%) but poor sensitivity(47.89%). Caloric, vHIT, and rotary chair tests results did not correlate with one another(p > 0.05).Conclusions: Vestibular function tests have comparable diagnostic utility, yet each offers unique advantages. Caloric and rotational testing may be best suited for screening peripheral damage and vHIT may function ideally as a confirmatory test.

关键词： vestibular patients specificity

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Number matters:control of mammalian mitochondrial DNA copy number

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j.urnal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第3期36卷 125-131页

作者： Laura L.Clay Montier janice j.Deng Department of Cellular and Structural Biology The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for proper cellular functioning. Mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） depletion and the resulting mitochondrial malfunction have been implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, aging, and many other human diseases. Although it is known that the dynamics of the mammalian mitochondrial genome are not linked with that of the nuclear genome, very little is known about the mechanism of mtDNA propagation. Nevertheless, our understanding of the mode of mtDNA replication has ad- vanced in recent years, though not without some controversies. This review summarizes our current knowledge of mtDNA copy number control in mammalian cells, while focusing on both mtDNA replication and turnover. Although mtDNA copy number is seemingly in excess, we reason that mtDNA copy number control is an important aspect of mitochondrial genetics and biogenesis and is essential for normal cellular function.

关键词： mitochondria DNA copy number DNA turnover replication

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Divergence in the ovipositional behavior of the Papilio glaucus group

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 361-367页

作者： Rodrigo j. Mercader j. Mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI48824 USA

This study contrasts the ovipositional profiles of four members of the Papilio glaucus group, P. glaucus, P. multicaudatus, P. canadensis, and P. rutulus. We used seven choice oviposition bioassays containing leaves from hosts in seven plant families utilized by members of the P. glaucus group. Specifically, we contrast the overall ovipositional profiles of these species and their acceptance of a host in a novel plant family （Populus tremuloides： Salicaceae） and a host in a putatively ancestral host plant family （Liriodendron tulipifera： Magnoliaceae）. Significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. glaucus and P. multicaudatus relative to each other and to P. canadensis and P. rutulus. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the ovipositional profiles of P. canadensis and P. rutulus, which were also the only species that accepted P. tremuloides. Unlike the acceptance of P. tremuloides, the acceptance of L. tulipifera was present throughout the group despite the inability of the larvae of most species in the group to utilize this host. These results support the prediction of the ＂hierarchical threshold model＂ that ancestral host plants are likely to be retained in the ovipositional hierarchy while novel hosts should only be accepted by derived populations.

关键词： host preference insect-plant interactions Lepidoptera Papilionidae

Provision,transport and deposition of debris in urban waterways

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2015年第2期30卷 142-149页

作者： Deonie Allen Scott Arthur Nicolas Wallerstien janice Blanc Heather Haynes Heriot-Watt University

The transport of woody debris from urban surfaces,through local urban waterways,to constriction and blockage risk locations is not well *** trials have identified debris and watercourse dimensions as influential factors on debris movement,and large woody debris movement has been traced in the natural rural environment using time series photography,active transponders,and field *** novel passive transponder technology,small woody debris has been traced through an urban case study watercourse to establish key influential factors on urban debris *** incorporating urban debris transport detail into the source and deposition process,a complete picture of urban debris transport can be created,supporting effective culvert and trash screen design,watercourse maintenance and blockage risk *** case study highlights that factors beyond watercourse depth and velocity are influential in debris movement within an urban *** dimension and source location upstream are shown to significantly affect the potential for debris to reach a downstream constriction,illustrating a possible distance limitation in nuisance flow debris blockage risk.

关键词： Urban debris transport Flood risk Blockage Urban gross pollutants Passive integrated transponder technology

Uranium isotopes of aeolian dust deposited in northern Tibetan Plateau glaciers:Implications for tracing aeolian dust provenance

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Fundamental Research 2022年第5期2卷 716-726页

作者： Xiaoyu j.ao Zhiwen Dong janice Brahney Eric j.R.Parteli Fangzhou Li Marcelli Augusto Ting Wei State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Watershed Sciences Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA Faculty of Physics University of Duisburg-EssenDuisburg 47057Germany School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China CNR-Istituto Struttura della Materia and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste Basovizza Area Science ParkTrieste 34149Italy

Asian dust comprises a large portion of the northern hemisphere atmospheric dust load,thereby exerting substantial influence on the Earth’s climate,global biogeochemistry and hydrological cycle through accelerated snow and ice *** deposited on alpine glaciers encodes information on broad scale atmospheric-environmental ***(^(234)U/^(238)U)values of dust fine particulates can reflect the comminuting time and intermediate processes;thus,it provides a new method for the provenance of aeolian dust in the glacial snowpack/*** we present results from a comprehensive survey of uranium isotopic concentrations in dust collected from cryoconites on the glaciers of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).These results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the(^(234)U/^(238)U)values associated with snowpack/cryoconite dust over a broad range of glaciers in the northern *** values of the(^(234)U/^(238)U)ratio in the glaciers of western Qilian Mountains(Qiyi Glacier,Shiyi Glacier,Laohugou Glacier No.12)were the highest,followed by the Tanggula(Dunkemadi Glacier)and Kunlun Mountains(Yuzhufeng Glacier),whereas these values were the lowest in the eastern Qilian Mountains(j.ngyangling Snowpack,Dabanshan Snowpack,Lenglongling Glacier).By including the analysis of Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,we find the spatial isotopic distribution reflects a combination of local dust,which is associated with short comminuting times,and dust transported over long *** data indicate that the dust production in the west and north TP,Alxa arid lands and Gobi Deserts,may have a significant impact on the TP ***,U-Sr-Nd isotopic composition and end-member mixing models(EMMA)were used in our study to find out the relative contribution of distinct Asian dust sources to the dust budget in the TP *** results reveal that snowpack/cryoconite dust is derived from both local sources(low comminution signatures)as well as other dust sources in th

关键词： Uranium isotopes Aeolian dust provenance (^(234)U/^(238)U)values Dust budget Tibetan Plateau glaciers

Trauma Patient Unplanned Hospital Re-Admissions

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Surgical Science 2012年第8期3卷 381-388页

作者： Thomas j. Esposito Evelyn Clark-Kula Melissa Crowe Linda Galambos Loubna Salameh janice Gillespie Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA

Introduction: Performance monitoring and performance improvement (PI) are increasingly important. Little is known regarding unplanned re-admission (UPR) in trauma patients. This study characterizes UPRs at one institution. Methods: Retrospective descriptive review of UPR to a Level I Trauma Center Information was obtained on: initial trauma diagnoses, diagnosis precipitating UPR, discharge interval, treatment rendered and length of stay (LOS) during both encounters, and PI committee j.dgments. Characteristics of UPR patients were determined and compared to those of all discharged patients. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Over 2.5 years there were 2827 discharges and 58 UPR(2%). The maj.rity of original diagnoses were related to blunt trauma and head inj.ries. UPR occurred at a median of 3 days, with 54% re-admitted to the trauma service. Operative rate for UPR patients during the initial admission was 48% with 28%requiring operation on the UPR. Headache and wound issues were responsible for 42% of UPR. Diagnosis precipitating UPR was primarily related to post-operative complications in 26% of all UPR and 57% of those undergoing operation on the initial admission. Median LOS for UPR was 3days with ICU care being required by 13%. Of all UPRs,33% were attributable to opportunities for improved care (OFI) during the first admission. Identified OFIs were related to errors in technique (53%), errors in j.dgment (27%), and system issues (20%). Of UPR without OFI, 87% were related to disease and13% systems issues. Conclusion: UPR at a Level I trauma center is rare, occurs shortly after discharge, is brief in duration and usually related to postoperative wound issues or headache. Post operative patients seem at greater risk for UPR. While most UPR are considered non-preventable, attention to discharge instructions,patient education, resident education and supervisionand outpatient support, may obviate a number of preventable UPRs.

关键词： Trauma Patients Unplanned Hospital Readmissions Preventable Complications Performance Improvement

Mitigating osteonecrosis of the j.w(ONj. through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 14-25页

作者： j.son TWan Douglas MSheeley Martha j.omerman janice SLee National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

It is well established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the j.w(ONj. was preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the j.w, ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow phosphorus from matches in the early 20 th century saw a parallel decline in "phossy j.w" until the early 2000 s, when similar reports of unusual j.w bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing j.w necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONj.associated with medications that block osteoclast activity(antiresorptive) is well known, though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONj. and the use of drugs with anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. While recognizing that ONj.is a rare occurrence and ONj.associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can lower the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONj. the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.

关键词： drugs metabolism alterations

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Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver inj.ry

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World j.urnal of Hepatology 2014年第6期6卷 426-434页

作者： Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth j.Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie Department of Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG4 0BAUnited Kingdom Scottish Liver Transplant Unit Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SAUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4SBUnited Kingdom Gastrointestinal Unit Royal Cornwall Hospitaland European Centre for the Environment and Human HealthUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolTruroTR1 3HDUnited Kingdom Department of Life Sciences School of Health and Life SciencesGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG40BAUnited Kingdom

AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver inj.ry severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant ***: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver inj.ry in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver inj.ry attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver inj.ry was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain ***: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver inj.ry and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver inj.ry. The fourth patient

关键词： Virology Infection Acute liver inj.ry Hepatitis E virus

The Effects of Low Intensity Endurance Activity on Various Physiological Parameters and Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress in Dogs

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Open j.urnal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第7期4卷 134-144页

作者： janice L. Huntingford Corri B. Levine Debbie j. Mustacich Devin Corrigan Robert L. Downey j.seph j. Wakshlag Annamaet Petfood Company Sellersville PA USA Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Essex Animal Hospital Essex Canada Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA

The study of canine athlete physiology has focused on endurance sled dog racing and high intensity short duration Greyhound racing, yet the number of dogs competing in low intensity endurance activities is rising due to the increased numbers of hunting and companion dog activities. There is little information on the physiological effect of longer duration low intensity endurance activities. We set out to evaluate the serum biochemistry, oxidative stress, and cortisol response before and after two consecutive days of exercise in ten healthy unconditioned male dogs. Exercise sessions consisted of 120 minutes on an exercise wheel at 11 km/hour on 2 consecutive days. Blood was collected at four time points: 24 hours pre-exercise (sample 1, Day 0, resting);2 min post-exercise on days 1 and 2, (samples 2 and 3, respectively);and 20 hours post-exercise, collected on day 3(sample 4). Hematocrit, blood gases, serum chemistry, uric acid, cortisol, and F2-isoprostanes were determined. Serum biochemistry and hematocrit suggested hemoconcentration, mild muscle damage and respiratory alkalosis during exercise, which was expected in the unconditioned canine athlete. In addition, plasma indices of oxidative damage (F2-isoprostanes) increased, as did plasma uric acid (an endogenous antioxidant). Importantly, similar to human studies, plasma F2-isoprostanes decreased 24 hours after exercise suggesting a protective effect of exercise. Serum cortisol concentrations were also markedly elevated at the end of exercise on both days suggesting that timing of sampling may play a role in interpreting cortisol results when looking at previous field studies.

关键词： Exercise Cortisol Isoprostane Dehydration Uric Acid