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Brain differences in ecologically differentiatec sticklebacks

Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 243-250页

作者： Jason KEAGY Victoria A. BRAITHw.ITE janette w. boughman Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Populations that have recently diverged offer a pow.rful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. w. might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, w. test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have w.ll-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits corre- lating w.th ecological differences. w. use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. w. found a tight correlation betw.en ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes w.th intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, w.ich rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared w.th benthic fish, w.ich utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared w.th limnetic fish. These differences w.re erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake w.ere anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.

关键词： brain evolution divergent selection magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb optic tectum threespinestickleback.

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Loss of sexual isolation in a hybridizing stickleback species pair

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 591-603页

作者： Alycia C. R. LACKEY janette w.nrick boughman Department of Zoology Ecology Evolutionary Biology & Behavior and BEACON Michigan State University East Lansing MIUSA

One approach to understand the importance of reproductive barriers to the speciation process is to study the break- dow. of barriers betw.en formerly distinct species. One reproductive barrier, sexual isolation, reduces gene flow.betw.en species through differences in mate preferences and mating signals and is likely important for species formation and maintenance. w. measure sexual isolation in tw. limnetic-benthic threespine stickleback species pairs （Gasterosteus spp.）. One species pair main- tains strong reproductive isolation w.ile the other species pair has recently collapsed into a hybrid sw.rm. w. compare the strength of sexual isolation in the hybridizing pair to the currently isolated pair. w. provide the first evidence that sexual isolation has been lost in the hybridizing pair and show.furthermore that preferences females have for conspecific mates and the traits they use to distinguish conspecific and heterospecific males contribute to this loss. This w.rk highlights the fragility of reproductive isolation betw.en young species pairs and considers the role of sexual isolation in speciation [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 591-603, 2013].

关键词： Sexual isolation Speciation Hybridization Female preferences Male mating traits Stickleback species pair

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