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New insights into the pathophysiology of achalasia and implications for future treatment

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 7892-7907页

作者： janette furuzawa-carballeda Samuel Torres-Landa Miguel ángel Valdovinos Enrique Coss-Adame Luis A Martín del Campo Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos Department of Immunology and Rheumatology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Department of Experimental Surgery Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

Idiopathic achalasia is an archetype esophageal motor disorder, causing significant impairment of eating ability and reducing quality of life. The pathophysiological underpinnings of this condition are loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter(LES). The clinical manifestations include dysphagia for both solids and liquids, regurgitation of esophageal contents, retrosternal chest pain, cough, aspiration, weight loss and heartburn. Even though idiopathic achalasia was first described more than 300 years ago, researchers are only now beginning to unravel its complex etiology and molecular pathology. The most recent findings indicate an autoimmune component, as suggested by the presence of circulating anti-myenteric plexus autoantibodies, and a genetic predisposition, as suggested by observed correlations with other well-defined genetic syndromes such as Allgrove syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B syndrome. Viral agents(herpes, varicella zoster) have also been proposed as causative and promoting factors. Unfortunately, the therapeutic approaches available today do not resolve the causes of the disease, and only target the consequential changes to the involved tissues, such as destruction of the LES, rather than restoring or modifying the underlying pathology. New therapies should aim to stop the disease at early stages, thereby preventing the consequential changes from developing and inhibiting permanent damage. This review focuses on the known characteristics of idiopathic achalasia that will help promote understanding its pathogenesis and improve therapeutic management to positively impact the patient's quality of life.

关键词： Achalasia Treatment Autoimmune disease Pathophysiology

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奥本海默

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初中生 2024年第18期 32-35页

作者： janette 不详

主题语境:人与社会——影视作品赏析。电影《奥本海默》以第二次世界大战为背景,讲述了美国物理学家罗伯特·奥本海默充满传奇色彩的一生。奥本海默因在量子物理领域取得的突出成绩,被招募进专门研究原子弹的曼哈顿计划。从满腔热血地... 详细信息

主题语境:人与社会——影视作品赏析。电影《奥本海默》以第二次世界大战为背景,讲述了美国物理学家罗伯特·奥本海默充满传奇色彩的一生。奥本海默因在量子物理领域取得的突出成绩,被招募进专门研究原子弹的曼哈顿计划。从满腔热血地搭建基地、召集科研人员,到成功制造出世界上第一颗原子弹,再到这项武器真正被投入战场使用,这位“原子弹之父”被赋予掌控全人类命运的重大使命,承担着常人难以承受的重任。

关键词：科研人员奥本海默美国物理学家曼哈顿计划量子物理满腔热血原子弹主题语境

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Ecological speciation： Selection and the origin of species

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 1-7页

作者： janette W. Boughmant Guest Editor Michigan State Univ BEACON Ctr Evolut Act Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Be E Lansing MI 48824 USA

The past 20 years have study of speciation. At the seen a renaissance in the core of this research en- deavor is the study of ecological speciation, and sub- stantial evidence has been marshaled revealing that much of the world＇s biodiversity arises through this process （Seehausen, 2006; Schluter, 2009）. Ecological speciation comes about when selection that differs be- tween contrasting environments causes the evolution of reproductive isolation. One of the surprises has been the realization that reproductive isolation can evolve very rapidly, even within tens or hundreds of generations （Hendry et al. 2007）. Another key finding is that eco- logical speciation often proceeds only partway, creating partially isolated species （Nosil et al. 2009）.

关键词：生态形态物种起源生殖隔离生物多样性孤立

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Meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes in a Young Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report with Literature Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 213-219页

作者： janette Alejandra Gamiño Gutierrez Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Valdez Arleth Anahí Montaño Gómez Jorge Morales Rojas Graciela Gaddy Robles Martinez Anahi Herrera Ruelas Alin Kaori Ferreyra Gudiño Jocelin Celeste Jurado Cardona Jimena Jexabeth Ibáñez Núñez Anahí Fierros Ramos Departmento de Neurocirugia Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde Guadalajara México Departamento de Medicina Interna ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP Tepic México

Meningoencephalitis secondary to Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) mainly affects newborns, the elderly and immunocompromised people;there are extremely rare cases in which said infection occurs in immunocompetent individuals. We present the case of a young adult patient without immunocompromise, who developed meningoencephalitis due to L. monocytogenes;This case is exceptional, since it occurred in an individual outside the classic age group, in addition to not having risk factors, which is why it should be considered an atypical causal agent.

关键词： Meningitis Encephalitis Rhombencephalitis Listeria monocytogenes Immunocompetent

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Uremic Bleeding in 2 Patients with Dieulafoy’s Lesion: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 167-173页

作者： Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Valdez Diana Estefanía Ibarra García Juan Antonio Contreras Escamilla janette Alejandra Gamiño Gutierrez Francisco Manuel Tonatiuh Carrillo Beltran Ulises Solis Gomez Jocelyn Nataly Quintero Meléndez Ivan Alejandro Medina Jimenez Marco Antonio González Villar Jorge Rojas Morales Department of Internal Medicine ISSSTE APP General Hospital of Tepic Tepic Nayarit Mexico Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde Guadalajara Jalisco M&#233xico

Dieulafoy’s lesions are rare vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. A Dieulafoy’s lesion is an aberrant vessel that does not reduce in caliber when it extends from the submucosa to the mucosa. Damage to this artery can cause severe and intermittent arterial bleeding from small vascular stumps that are difficult to visualize. Furthermore, these catastrophic bleeding episodes frequently result in hemodynamic instability and the need for transfusion of multiple blood products. Recently, uremic syndrome has been identified as a risk factor for gastric mucosal lesions. We present two clinical cases of acute digestive bleeding due to Dielafoy lesion with chronic kidney disease as the main cause, where two different therapies were performed endoscopically. We concluded with the results of our patients that the best therapy was the application of the hemostatic hemoclip on the injury vs the injection with adrenaline on the wound site. Uremia is identified as a risk factor for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with pre-existing Dieulafoy’s lesion, as well as a higher incidence of new bleeding.

关键词： Dieulafoy’s Lesion Gastrointestinal Bleeding Endoscopy Endoscopy Hemostatic Clips Kidney Disease Adrenaline Thermal Coagulation Dieulafoy

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Loss of sexual isolation in a hybridizing stickleback species pair

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 591-603页

作者： Alycia C. R. LACKEY janette Wenrick BOUGHMAN Department of Zoology Ecology Evolutionary Biology & Behavior and BEACON Michigan State University East Lansing MIUSA

One approach to understand the importance of reproductive barriers to the speciation process is to study the break- down of barriers between formerly distinct species. One reproductive barrier, sexual isolation, reduces gene flow between species through differences in mate preferences and mating signals and is likely important for species formation and maintenance. We measure sexual isolation in two limnetic-benthic threespine stickleback species pairs （Gasterosteus spp.）. One species pair main- tains strong reproductive isolation while the other species pair has recently collapsed into a hybrid swarm. We compare the strength of sexual isolation in the hybridizing pair to the currently isolated pair. We provide the first evidence that sexual isolation has been lost in the hybridizing pair and show furthermore that preferences females have for conspecific mates and the traits they use to distinguish conspecific and heterospecific males contribute to this loss. This work highlights the fragility of reproductive isolation between young species pairs and considers the role of sexual isolation in speciation [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 591-603, 2013].

关键词： Sexual isolation Speciation Hybridization Female preferences Male mating traits Stickleback species pair

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Brain differences in ecologically differentiatec sticklebacks

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 243-250页

作者： Jason KEAGY Victoria A. BRAITHWAITE janette W. BOUGHMAN Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Populations that have recently diverged offer a powerful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. We might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, we test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have well-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits corre- lating with ecological differences. We use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. We found a tight correlation between ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes with intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, which rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared with benthic fish, which utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared with limnetic fish. These differences were erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake where anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.

关键词： brain evolution divergent selection magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb optic tectum threespinestickleback.

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Stakeholder analysis of the governance framework of a national SDI dataset-whose needs are met in the buildings and address register of the Netherlands?

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第3期13卷 355-373页

作者： Serena Coetzee Martijn Odijk Bastiaan van Loenen janette Storm Jantien Stoter Centre for Geoinformation Science Department of GeographyGeoinformatics and MeteorologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties Den Haagthe Netherlands Knowledge Centre Open Data OTB Research for the Built EnvironmentFaculty of Architecture and the Built EnvironmentDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Kadaster Apeldoornthe Netherlands Department of Urbanism Delft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands

National spatial data infrastructures are key to achieving the Digital Earth *** many cases,national datasets are integrated from local datasets created and maintained by *** are address,building and topographic *** of local datasets may result in a dataset satisfying the needs of users of national datasets,but is it productive for those who create and maintain the data?This article presents a stakeholder analysis of the Basisregistratie Adressen en Gebouwen(BAG),a collection of base information about addresses and buildings in the *** information is captured and maintained by municipalities and integrated into a national base register by Kadaster,the Cadastre,Land Registry and Mapping Agency of the *** stakeholder analysis identifies organisations involved in the BAG governance framework,describes their interests,rights,ownerships and responsibilities in the BAG,and maps the relationships between *** results indicate that Kadaster and the municipalities have the highest relative importance in the governance framework of the *** study reveals challenges of setting up a governance framework that maintains the delicate balance between the interests of all *** results provide guidance for SDI role players setting up governance frameworks for national or global datasets.

关键词： Address data data governance spatial data infrastructure SDI stakeholder analysis Netherlands

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Promising Effects of an Intervention: Young Children’s Literacy Gains and Changes in Their Home Literacy Activities from a Bilingual Family Literacy Program in Canada

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Frontiers of Education in China 2010年第3期5卷 409-429页

作者： Jing Zhang janette Pelletier Antoinette Doyle Department of Elementary Education and Reading Buffalo State College of State University of New YorkNY 14222USA Institute of Child Study Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of TorontoToronto M5R 2X2Canada Faculty of Education Memorial University of NewfoundlandNewfoundland A1B 3X8Canada

The goal of this paper was to examine promising effects of a bilingual family literacy program: to track the changes of families’ literacy activities through a bilingual family literacy intervention, and to examine the children literacy gains in both Chinese and English across socioeconomic sub-groups. The intervention was an eight-week, two hours per week, literacy program in three Chinese communities in Toronto. Parents, with their children, participated in the program. The extremely high attendance rate provided evidence that families enjoyed the family literacy intervention and felt that the sessions were worthwhile. For their families’ literacy activities, the three sites followed the same trend: reaching the peak of activity at week four, slightly dropping down at weeks five and six, and then increasing to a second peak at week seven or week eight. Results also showed that across the three groups, children of mothers with lower education levels made fewer gains in their English expressive vocabularies and their Chinese expressive vocabularies, than children whose mothers had a higher level of education.

关键词： family literacy bilingual literacy gains parenting

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Portal Venous Thrombosis and Splenic Hemangioma, Secondary to Acute Pancreatitis: Case Report

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期14卷 11-17页

作者： Gustavo Adolfo Hernández Valdez Harvey Yair Zamora Veliz Estefany Gilberty Mendoza Verdin Quitzia Mayanim Rentería Fonseca Itzel Velázquez Viniegra janette Alejandra Gamiño Gutierrez Diana Rita Velázquez Jimenez Florencio Favian Andrade Luis Fernando Baez Bustos Jorge Morales Rojas María Jacqueline Martínez Tejeda Graciela Gaddy Robles Martínez Juan Antonio Contreras Escamilla Departamento de Medicina Interna ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP Tepic Nayarit México General Surgery Department ISSSTE Tepic General Hospital APP Tepic Nayarit México Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde Guadalajara Jalisco México

We present an unusual case of portal vein thrombosis with a splanchnic hemangioma secondary to acute biliary pancreatitis. We report a 45-year-old patient, who has systemic arterial hypertension in treatment, was admitted for abdominal pain in the epigastrium, with irradiation to the right hypochondrium, accompanied by nausea and vomiting of 10 occasions of bile content, physical examination with pain in the right hypochondrium, Murphy positive. We have laboratory studies with a lipase of 788, so a diagnosis of pancreatitis is made with an etiology to be determined. The laboratories suggestive of acute biliary pancreatitis (lipase 788.71);an imaging study was subsequently performed (ultrasonography) with the result of stone in the common bile duct. A laparoscopy was performed with relative improvement, so he was discharged and returned 20 days after surgery due to abdominal pain of the same intensity in the left hypochondrium. Ending his hospitalization with a splenectomy for splenic hemangioma with portal vein thrombosis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Esplenic Hemangioma Esplenectomy Portal Vein Thrombosis Surgery

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