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morphological variation in the short-tailed fruit bat(Carollia)in Ecuador,with comments on the practical and philosophical aspects of boundaries among species

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第3期5卷 226-240页

作者： Pablo JARRíN-V. Cristina FLORES janeth SALCEDO Yasuni Research Station School of Biological SciencesPontifical Catholic University of EcuadorQuitoEcuador Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology Department of BiologyBoston UniversityMassachusettsUSA Central University of Ecuador School of Biology and ChemistryQuitoEcuador

The mechanisms for the morphological delimitation of species in Carollia remain poorly *** is the first study to assess variation in size and shape from strictly geometric *** factors are assessed by statistical perspectives of distribution,overlap and relative *** its overlap,the size of the skull seems to be the most influential character for the discrimination of species,with shape playing a much smaller *** smallest species seems to be the most distinct in shape,not only in terms of distance among centroids in morphometric space,but also in the overall trend and direction of *** to previous studies,sexual dimorphism is not given by size but by distinct shapes of the *** such as the shape of the maxilla,previously described qualitatively as discrete with sharp boundaries,appear to be truly continuous with fuzzy borders among *** morphometric space is a gamut of continuous variation and overlap,the taxonomic error rate for size characters seems to be substantial for the medium-sized species(Carollia brevicauda Schinz,1821),with approximately 30–40%of individuals erroneously assigned to a different species after a jackknifed discriminant *** taxonomic error is higher for shape ***,systematic and ecological consequences of the observed patterns of shape and size variation are commented within the context of previously proposed arguments and hypotheses.

关键词： boundaries Carollia character state discriminant morphometrics

An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Interest Rate and Exchange Rate on Private Investment in Tanzania （2002-2020）

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An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Interest Rate and ...

作者： janeth THEONEST KALOKORA 浙江科技学院

学位级别：硕士

私营部门投资在解决大多数发展中国家经济问题方面发挥着重要作用,例如失业和减少贫困。学者们越来越关注私人投资的研究。本文对于坦桑尼亚的私人投资增长会有帮助,本研究考察了利率和汇率对坦桑尼亚私人投资的影响。这项研究的重点是... 详细信息

私营部门投资在解决大多数发展中国家经济问题方面发挥着重要作用,例如失业和减少贫困。学者们越来越关注私人投资的研究。本文对于坦桑尼亚的私人投资增长会有帮助,本研究考察了利率和汇率对坦桑尼亚私人投资的影响。这项研究的重点是回答以下问题,首先是影响坦桑尼亚私人投资的因素;第二,是确定汇率和利率对坦桑尼亚私人投资的短期和长期影响,第三,是研究私人投资、汇率和利率的趋势。这项研究使用了一种定量方法,包括从坦桑尼亚投资中心、国家统计局、世界银行和其他相关机构收集的2002-2020年的月度数据。使用自回归分布滞后边界（ARDL）测试方法检查利率和汇率对私人投资的长期和短期影响,结果表明,坦桑尼亚的私人投资在短期内受到利率的负面影响,但在长期内没有影响。研究结果还表明,没有足够的证据表明汇率对私人投资的短期和长期增长都有影响。该研究还采用了时间序列研究方法,并根据普通最小二乘法（OLS）的假设,基于多元线性回归模型进行分析,以确认影响坦桑尼亚私人投资的其他因素。本文揭示,私人投资受到其他因素的影响,如GDP增长和通货膨胀,通货膨胀对私人投资有积极影响,而GDP增长对私人投资有积极影响。本研究发现,坦桑尼亚私人投资在2005年达到最高水平,在2006年至2007年期间急剧下降,随后在2008年平稳波动增加。私营部门的投资由汇率、通货膨胀和GDP增长的变量正向决定,而利率对私人投资增长的影响没有足够的证据。在政策方面,本研究结果建议,通过修订财政政策控制通货膨胀和通过货币政策降低利率,以及增加资本支出,以此作为刺激坦桑尼亚私营部门投资的一揽子措施。

关键词：私人投资利率汇率 GDP增长通货膨胀坦桑尼亚 ARDL

Examination of Relationship between Family Income and Parents School Choices in Tanzania——A Case of Dar es Salaam Region, Ilala District

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Examination of Relationship between Family Income and Parent...

作者： janeth N mwanjejele（茉莉）华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

The purpose of the research was to examine the relationship between family income and parents’school choice in Tanzania, a case of Dar es Salam Region, at Ilala District;the research was guided by the following research questions:What is the household income or level of Household Consumption per month to the Tanzanian families? What are the relationship between family income and parents’school choice? What are the factors influencing the performance of public, private and religion primary schools?The study adopted both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. These were used to make possible to gather more data and test research hypotheses and also were used in order to measure the ideas, opinions, beliefs, and experiences of respondents in connection to relationship between family income and parents’school choice in Tanzania. Rational choice theory was used as guidance of the study. Survey research technique, stratified sampling and purposive sampling were employed during the study. Data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide questions and sample size of 130 was used during the study. Validity and reliability of the data were tested by KmO=67.3%, and Cronbach’s Alpha=95.4%. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and excel microsoft application was used to edit *** study concludes that average house income have high impact on the school choices by parents as it was observed there is strong relationship explained by R=75%. These findings give a concluding remark that most of medium and high income parents’choices private or religion schools for their children although there are significance differences in perception between to their choices. The researcher also recommends that the average income of the household determine the school choices by parents. Families with medium and high income are like to choice the schools which meet standards in performance and also school choice by parents should be based on the key performance in

关键词：坦桑尼亚学校选择家庭收入父母关系关键绩效指标

Analysis of the Supply Chain in Industrial Companies in Guayaquil,Ecuador-A Secondary Publication

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2024年第1期7卷 242-255页

作者： Génesis Belén Linzán Soledispa Betty janeth Soledispa Canarte Víctor Alfonso ChávezSoledispa Oscar Rolando Fiallos González Universidad Politécnica Salesiana GuayaquilEcuador Universidad Estatal del Sur de manabí ManabíEcuador Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil GuayaquilEcuador

This research clearly outlines the supply chain in a process of evolution and digital transformation,where the collaboration of its members is concentrated,having technological tools to help chain *** analyze the advantages that this transformation produces in the supply chain,as well as its different processes,this study has a systemic perspective that involves precise elements for organizational development,such as the different phases of each process,operations,logistics,and *** must be borne in mind that any strategy in industrial companies grants the automation of procedures in the supply chain and determines a product in any phase of production,making the organization more sensitive to any variation in *** methodology included a bibliographic and non-experimental review that allows a descriptive and analytical study,which details the various characteristics of the fact that is being investigated,collecting information through interviews with different people who are involved with industrial *** the results obtained,it was identified that digital transformation helps reduce costs and generates greater *** conclusion,it was obtained that the digital supply chain helps in each of the phases of the processes,these are supervised by devices that help to have fast and effective information.

关键词： Digital transformation Supply chain Industries 4.0 Sustainability

新手和经验丰富的教师工作量面临的挑战和应对策略：肯尼亚埃姆格文县公立日间中学案例研究

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新手和经验丰富的教师工作量面临的挑战和应对策略：肯尼亚埃姆格...

作者： janeth Cherotich 东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究调查了肯尼亚公立日制中学中初级和经验丰富的教师工作量面临的挑战和应对策略。研究探讨了以下问题:(i)初级和经验丰富的教师在中学面临何种工作量?(ii)这些工作量给初级和经验丰富的教师带来了什么挑战?(iii)初级和经验丰富的... 详细信息

本研究调查了肯尼亚公立日制中学中初级和经验丰富的教师工作量面临的挑战和应对策略。研究探讨了以下问题:(i)初级和经验丰富的教师在中学面临何种工作量?(ii)这些工作量给初级和经验丰富的教师带来了什么挑战?(iii)初级和经验丰富的教师在处理工作量时采用了什么应对策略?该研究采用了定性案例研究方法,通过有目的抽样选取的八名参与者通过面对面半结构化访谈和文件提供了深入的数据。采用基于职务要求-资源(JDR)理论的主题分析来分析受访者的数据。主题分析显示了客观工作量的中心主题,包括内容过载、授课、大班规模和多重职责。有趣的是,研究发现教师的标准工作描述政策与实际经验存在差异。尽管官方描绘了平衡的工作量,但教师将其描述为复杂、多层次且偶尔令人不堪重负。研究揭示了工作量带来的几个挑战,包括课堂管理、教学实践的侵蚀、过度工作和工作与生活平衡问题。探讨了组织和个人的应对策略,教师协作、积极的教学方法和技术支持被确定为关键工具。特别强调了教师协作作为一个基石的应对策略,促进了团结的感觉并提升了教育质量。研究观察到初级教师和经验丰富的教师之间的应对策略存在差异,初级教师通常依赖于反应性的应对,而经验丰富的教师则展示出更为主动的应对策略。该研究强调了识别这些差异对有针对性的干预和导师计划的重要性。尽管结果指导了教育部门的可能改进,但仅考虑了服务年限的小型定性样本限制了研究结果的概括能力。

关键词：工作量个人资源工作资源新手教师老师经验

Geochemistry of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Sediments of a Tanzanian Small-Scale Gold mining Area

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第11期11卷 41-61页

作者： Johnbosco Karungamye mwemezi Rwiza Juma Selemani janeth marwa minerals Division Ministry of Minerals Dodoma Tanzania School of materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES) The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) Arusha Tanzania School of Business Studies and Humanities (BuSH) The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) Arusha Tanzania

Small-scale gold mining is linked to significant environmental pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs). However, research on the pollution caused by such mining activities remains insufficient especially in developing countries. In the present study, a systematic investigation assessed the pollution and level of ecological risk of PTEs in soil and stream sediments in an active small scale gold mining area of Isanga, in Nzega, Tanzania. Samples amounting to 16 soil and 20 sediment were gathered from the study area and analyzed for five PTEs concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb) using the AAS method. The contamination level and ecological risk were assessed using several pollution indices. The results suggest that the assessed environmental systems of the Isanga mining area and its vicinities are lowly contaminated by PTEs and have a low potential to pose ecological risks. Hg and Cd with mean concentrations of 0.09 mg/kg and 0.26 mg/kg respectively were found to be the most enriched PTEs in soil, compared to their average continental crust concentrations (0.056 mg/kg and 0.102 mg/kg respectively). The levels of the evaluated PTEs in the study area are susceptible to increase over time if proactive steps are not taken to control mining and waste disposal activities.

关键词： Environmental Pollution Pollution Indices Ecological Risk Geo-Accumulation Index Sediment Quality

基于疫情隔离政策的里奥班巴城多功能绿道设计研究

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基于疫情隔离政策的里奥班巴城多功能绿道设计研究

作者： mORALES GONZALEZ janeth ALEXANDRA 西南交通大学

学位级别：硕士

为应对新冠肺炎疫情而采取的静态管理措施也伴随着若干问题。本研究关注封闭管理过程中,城市绿地空间的缺乏对城市居民的影响,包括生理、心理、社会和经济等方面。尽管城市已建有公园、广场等各类绿地以及各种游憩空间,然而当城市处于... 详细信息

为应对新冠肺炎疫情而采取的静态管理措施也伴随着若干问题。本研究关注封闭管理过程中,城市绿地空间的缺乏对城市居民的影响,包括生理、心理、社会和经济等方面。尽管城市已建有公园、广场等各类绿地以及各种游憩空间,然而当城市处于封闭管理时,上述空间的重要性将进一步提高,成为居民生活不可缺少的一部分,在疫情期间承担了更加复杂的功能;本研究的内涵在于了解上述空间是否为应对疫情做好了准备,能否与其在封闭管理时的重要性相匹配。继而,本研究旨在将多功能叠加应用于城市绿地规划实践中。与此同时,本研究选择生态系统服务作为多功能叠加的理论基础,原因是其提供了目前为止最为合理和全面的阐释,包括生态系统组分功能及其多重分析方法。简而言之,城市绿地需要多功能复合。基于上述认识,本研究立足于连接已规划与未规划的城市空间以建立绿色廊道,分析城市空间和自然空间共存的基础,根据不同现状进行适应、转变和设计以重塑城市环境,为社会带来重要的复合效益。研究通过辨析相关理念,试图解答这一问题:为应对新冠肺炎等健康危机而采取的封闭管理背景之下,我们应如何基于多功能叠加的理论基础,通过不同的方法步骤构建城市绿色廊道?城市绿色走廊构建的基础基于封闭管理中居民对城市绿化的社会、经济需求。同时城市绿色廊道作为对城市更新设计的实践,将作为病毒抵抗系统一个不可或缺的部分,保护其中的居民并保障应急服务和供应的正常运转。以上研究目标在对里奥班巴市的分析和判断中进行实例验证。研究关注案例城市的社会和结构方面,如河流、灌渠、主要道路、林荫道以及基于居民和研究人员经验判断的潜在廊道,借助生态网络分析工具——引力模型工具(Arc GIS)将城市内外的重要绿色节点项链,形成基于最低成本路径的绿色廊道模型。最后,建立基于社会分析、经验分析和生态分析的对比方法进行廊道的多功能叠加,即将上述所有分析特征结合形成整体分析,借助mapping分析的方法选择具有最佳引力系数的走廊来恢复和保护指定的栖息地节点。在社会分析中,本研究调查结果显示里奥班巴市缺乏绿地和游憩空间;百分之七十的受访者在疫情期间依然继续使用城市绿地空间,即使这些区域并未做好应对这一问题的准备或设计,人民仍然认为绿地空间相较于疫情爆发之前对心理和生理健康有着更为重要的作用;百分之五十八的受访者在实行封闭管理之后更偏爱与前往公园或自然保护区,对于自然区域有着更多的关注。此外,研究通过生态网络设计分析,在城市和近郊生成了七条引力系数最高的重要廊道来解决城市绿化空间不足的问题,随后设置三种不同的场景以表现这些廊道的主要生态特征,例如线形、边界效应、资源的一致性、连通性、可持续性、以及最重要的多功能叠加。研究从社会和生态两方面提出了相关展望。在社会方面,研究认为城市绿地可达性和资源分配的公平非常重要,其中包含自然资源、医疗资源、安全资源以及其他有助于提升当地经济的资源,构建绿色廊道可以借助于对社区不同的部门进行干预以帮助最为弱势的群体。在生态方面,研究综合生态过程、经济功能、社会文化功能、历史功能和美学功能提出多功能叠加。社会和生态方面的主张最终回归到城市中的绿色廊道。在封闭管理的不同阶段,居民在这些区域中也有两种不同的活动方式。从这个角度上,本研究对里奥班巴市绿地和游憩空间的重新规划和设计具有积极意义,通过空间重组策略,建立必要的健康节点、安全节点和游憩节点,避免人群在城市中心或是诸如市场、公园和广场的过分聚集。结合构建的绿廊空间,作为城市环境系统提升的重要组成部分,诸如交通、防洪、地区和区域经济支持等关键服务会得到改进。

关键词：新冠病毒静态管理绿色廊道多功能叠加空间重组

Prevalence and Factors Associated with mortality among Chest Injury Patients Admitted at muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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International Journal of Clinical medicine 2021年第9期12卷 364-376页

作者： janeth Stanslaus masuma Respicious Lwezimula Boniface Edwin Rwebugisa Lugazia muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (mUHAS) Dar es Salaam Tanzania muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (mOI) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Injury Control Centre Tanzania (ICCT) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Introduction: Accidents represent a significant proportional of non-communicable disease in the current century, and chest injury is common. However, management and outcome of these injuries is poor in low resource setting like Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mortality among chest injury patients at a tertiary level health facility in Tanzania. method: A prospective Cross-Sectional study of chest injuries among trauma patients attended at muhimbili National Hospital between September 2019 and February 2020. Results: A total of 282 trauma patients were seen, out of which 51/282 (18.1%) sustained chest injury. Road Traffic Crashes were the leading cause of chest injury 41/51 (80.4%). majority 17/51 (33.3%) presented with lung contusion, followed by pneumohemothorax and rib fractures each 8/51 (15.7%). most of the patients 27/51 (52.9%) were managed by tube thoracostomy and 42.1% conservatively. mortality was 11/51 (21.6%). Independent factors associated with mortality were: Associated injuries (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 - 1.16, p = 0.02), multimodal analgesia (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.98, p = 0.05), more than 24 hours to treatment (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.53, 95% CI 1.25 - 24.3, p = 0.02), Bilateral chest involvement (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.61, 95% CI 1.12 - 18.7, p = 0.02), and Invasive ventilation (Odds Ratio (OR) 31.5, 95% CI 4.47 - 53.8, p = 0.00). Conclusion: Chest injuries prevail significantly among trauma patients in Tanzania, mostly due to road traffic crashes. Injury preventive measures especially for road traffic crashes need to be reinforced, and establishment of chest injury management protocol in Tanzania.

关键词： Chest Injury Road Traffic Crashes Tanzania

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上海老年合唱团，以三个合唱团为例

上海老年合唱团，以三个合唱团为例

作者： Erika janeth Cardona González（艾琳）上海音乐学院

学位级别：硕士

在中国,老年人口比例颇高,他们对唱歌有着特别的兴趣与爱好,这种情况在我所研究的上海市老年居民（2014-16年）中尤为明显,他们能够轻而易举地地演唱出旋律音准,这一点可以通过公开的社会歌唱活动与私人歌唱活动得到证实。本论文的出发... 详细信息

在中国,老年人口比例颇高,他们对唱歌有着特别的兴趣与爱好,这种情况在我所研究的上海市老年居民（2014-16年）中尤为明显,他们能够轻而易举地地演唱出旋律音准,这一点可以通过公开的社会歌唱活动与私人歌唱活动得到证实。本论文的出发点在于对日常音乐活动大量观察,通过观察,我发现上海成立了诸多由老年人组合而成的合唱团,这些合唱团往往能在专业或业余指挥执棒下演唱四声部或更多声部的歌曲,其中的专业指挥有许多是在读或毕业的指挥专业学生,通过指挥这些团体,他们能够在实践中获得珍贵的专业经验。在社会文化活动中,唱歌与聚会能给老年人的生活带来巨大影响,帮助改善他们的健康状况,提升他们的幸福指数,对此,诸多学者已经进行过调查研究。本文旨在通过对三个特征各异的老年合唱团案例来分析并强调上海市的老年合唱活动,以理解音乐对老年生活产生的诸多益处。作为一名外国留学生,我的论文的研究目的在于描述上海老年合唱团的基本情况;了解他们的特点,知晓它们的优劣;对于被调查的三个合唱团的研究,确定音乐演唱活动对老年人生活的益处;如何理解上海老年合唱团为指挥专业学生提供了锻炼实践的机会;通过这篇论文,向国外介绍中国老年合唱团的大致情况。

关键词：老年合唱团上海音乐文化幸福指挥家