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Towards high strength cast mg-RE based alloys:Phase diagrams and strengthening mechanisms

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1401-1427页

作者： janet m.meier Josh Caris Alan A.Luo Department of materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Terves LLC EuclidOH 44117USA Department of Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

mg-rare earth(RE)based systems provide several important commercial alloys and many alloy development opportunities for high strength applications,especially in aerospace and defense *** phase diagrams,microstructure,and strengthening mechanisms of these multicomponent systems are very complex and often not well understood in *** have calculated phase diagrams of important binary,ternary,and multicomponent RE-containing alloy systems,using CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagrams).Based on these phase diagrams,this paper offers a critical overview on phase equilibria and strengthening mechanisms in these alloy systems,including precipitation,long period stacking order(LPSO),and other intermetallic *** review also summarized several promising mg-RE based cast alloys in comparison with commercial WE54 and WE43 alloys;and explored new strategies for future alloy development for high strength *** is pointed out that the combination of precipitation and LPSO phases can lead to superior strength and ductility in mg-RE based cast *** precipitates and LPSO phases can form a complex three-dimensional network that effectively impedes dislocation motion on the basal and non-basal *** LPSO phases can also prevent the coarsening of precipitates when they interact,thus providing good thermal stability at elevated *** research is needed to determine how the combination of these two types of phases can be used in alloy design and industrial scale applications.

关键词： magnesium alloys Phase diagrams Precipitation strengthening Long period stacking order(LPSO) Alloy development CALPHAD

The BRICS and Beyond： Insights into Human Development/Security from ＂Global Governance＂？

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2014年第3期7卷 381-394页

作者： Timothy m. shaw mcCormack Graduate School University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey BoulevardBoston MA 02125-3393 USA

The decade of the BRICS is leading to the reanalysis of global relations, encouraged by the simultaneous rise of emerging markets and decline of the eurozone PIIGS. But is the trajectory towards global reorder and/or disorder？ Development like capitalisms and regionalisms is increasingly diverse： heterogeneous transnational networks best approached through a global studies frame？ Together these factors impact the balance between developmental and fragile states in African as elsewhere. And there are debates about what is emerging： companies？ econo- mies？ states？ and/or societies？ meanwhile, the ＂global＂ increasingly includes informal and illegal economies, especially TOC, including transnational Chinese mafias. Transnational governance continues to widen its scope to include airline and container alliances as well as a trio of commissions on drugs.

关键词： BRICS Development Global governance Regionalisms. Transnational

The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 169-179页

作者： Jon Hazeldine Peter Hampson janet m.Lord NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK Healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152WBUK

As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients,the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly *** on the idea that patients who experience"poor"outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience"good"outcome,tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific *** use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics,proteomics and metabolomics,numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse *** results are encouraging,with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with"good"outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections,sepsis and multiple organ failure,with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post *** particular,genomic data is proving to be highly informative,identifying patients at risk of"poor"outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring ***,focussing predominantly upon human-based research,we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic,protein and metabolite level,and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.

关键词： Burns Cytokines Genomics Inflammation mortality Sepsis Trauma

materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE)

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第4期51卷 467-480页

作者： janet G DOUGLAS Department of Conservation and Scientific Research Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution

Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE) from the Xi’an area in Shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the Arthur m. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were pro- duced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing.

关键词： jade nephrite stone China Western Zhou scanning electron microscopy materials technology tool marks

Sexual selection and hermaphroditic organisms： Testing theory

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 579-588页

作者： janet L. LEONARD Joseph m. Long marine Laboratory University of California-Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 94019 USA

Sexual selection is widespread if not ubiquitous in hermaphroditic organisms. Although many phenomena that have been described as sexual selection in gonochores, （e.g. harem polygamy, multiple mating, elaborate courtship, even secondary sexual characters） can be found in some hermaphrodites, what is more interesting is the ways in which sexual selection in her- maphrodites may differ from dioecious taxa. In hermaphrodites, an individual＇s mating success includes its success from both sexual roles. Secondly, in many simultaneously hermaphroditic taxa there is strong evidence of sexual selection and yet the ope- rational sex ratio is 1：1, by definition. many simultaneous hermaphrodites have elaborate courtship and genital anatomy, suggest- ing sexual selection plays an important role in reproductive success. Sperm competition and cryptic female choice mean that the number of mates acquired is not necessarily a predictor of reproductive success. Even in simultaneous hermaphrodites with re- ciprocal mating, variance in reproductive success through the male role and through the female role may differ in a population. moreover hermaphrodites may choose to emphasize one sexual role over the other. Data suggest that the preferred role varies in hermaphrodites, which creates an opportunity to test fundamental predictions and assumptions of sexual selection theory. Hermaphrodites may vary their emphasis on one sexual role over the other either developmentally or behaviorally in response to environmental or social parameters. How they use this capability in acquiring more or higher quality mates still requires study

关键词： Sexual selection Hermaphrodites mate choice Reproductive success

Serological Targeted Analysis of an ITIH4 Peptide Isoform: A Preterm Birth Biomarker and Its Associated SNP Implications

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第9期42卷 507-510页

作者： Zhou Tan Zhongkai Hu Emily Y.Cai Cantas Alev Ting Yang Zhen Li Joyce Sung Yasser Yehia El-Sayed Gary m.shaw David K.Stevenson Atul J.Butte Guojun Sheng Karl G.Sylvester Harvey J.Cohen Xuefeng B.Ling Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology Hangzhou Normal University Department of Surgery Stanford University Lab for Early Embryogenesis RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stanford University Department of Pediatrics Stanford University Stanford

Over 11% of all pregnancies in the US result in preterm birth, greatly contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality （Goldenberg and Rouse, 1998）. Preterm birth etiologies remain largely unknown, and effective prevention methods have yet to be developed. The use of biofluid （e.g., serum or urine） for the analysis of the naturally occurring peptidome （mW 〈 4000） as a source of biomarkers has been reported for different diseases （Villanueva et al., 2006; Ling et al., 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011）. mass spectrometry-based profiling of naturally occurring peptides can provide an extensive in- ventory of serum peptides derived from either high-abundant endogenous circulating proteins or cell and tissue proteins （Liotta and Petricoin, 2006）.

关键词： Serological Targeted Analysis of an ITIH4 Peptide Isoform A Preterm Birth Biomarker and Its Associated SNP Implications SNP

Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.Shaff David J.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric J.Craft Tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael m.shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.mc Couch Craig Sturrock malcolm Bennett Leon V.Kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

The intermediate water in the Philippine Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第5期38卷 1343-1353页

作者： ZANG Nan WANG Fan SPRINTALL janet CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Pilot National Laboratory for marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China College of marine Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266400China Scripps Institution of Oceanography U.C.San DiegoLa Jolla CA 92093-0230U.S.A

The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW)and North Pacifi c Intermediate Water(NPIW)in the Philippine Sea were explored using Argo profi les and gridded Argo *** the salinity minimum of intermediate water from mid-high latitude of the southern and northern hemisphere of the Pacifi c Ocean,the properties of AAIW and NPIW merge at about 10°N with diff erent properties in the Philippine *** core of AAIW is located below 600 dbar with potential density of 27≤σθ≤27.3 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34.5≤S≤*** core of NPIW is located between 300–700 dbar with potential density of 26.2≤σθ≤27 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34≤S≤*** volume of AAIW and NPIW during January 2004 to December 2017 is negatively *** time series of AAIW and NPIW is dominated by signifi cant periods of 6 and 8 months,*** variations of AAIW and NPIW are mainly aff ected by volume transport through a 130°E section by the North Equatorial Current(NEC)and North Equatorial Undercurrent(NEUC).

关键词： the intermediate water the Antarctic Intermediate Water the North Pacifi c Intermediate Water seasonal variation

Physical activity and dietary behaviors of health clinic workers trying to lose weight

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Health 2012年第8期4卷 493-499页

作者： Tan Leng Goh Trever Ball janet m. shaw James C. Hannon Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Utah Salt Lake City USA

Health clinic workers are potential agents of change for weight loss to patients, yet their behaviors are not well known. This study examined physical activity (PA) levels and dietary habits of health clinic workers who were and who were not trying to lose weight. Participants were 64 community health clinic workers (58 females and 6 males). moderate-to-vigorous intensity (mVI) time spent in PA was assessed by triaxial accelerometry over 7 consecutive days. Dietary habits and weight loss efforts were determined by a food frequency questionnaire. Differences in mVI and nutrition variables were assessed by One-way ANOVA, comparing those trying to lose weight and those not trying to lose weight. 48 out of 64 health clinic workers (approximately 75%) indicated that they were currently trying to lose weight. There were significant differences (p mass Index (BmI), daily energy (Kcal) and fat (g) intake between those trying to lose weight and those not trying to lose weight. There were no significant differences in mVI, daily sugar intake (g), vegetable and fruit servings, and daily fiber intake (g) between groups. Health clinic workers trying to lose weight appear to be engaging in some appropriate dietary but not PA behaviors.

关键词： Accelerometer Overweight Healthcare Nutrition