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Corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in low and moderate myopic Chinese eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第4期6卷 467-470页

作者： Samaneh Delshad jane Mei Chun National Institute of Ophthalmic Sciences School of OptometryLot 2Lorong Utara BPetaling Jaya 46200Darul EhsanSelangorMalaysia

AIM:To describe and compare the corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in young,low and moderate myopic Chinese adults in Malaysian Chinese population.·METHODS:Non-contact specular microscopy(Topcon SP3000P,Tokyo,Japan) was performed in low(n =78;21.22±1.51 years) and moderate(n =78;21.82±1.40 years)myopic *** mean of three consecutive measurements of endothelial cell density(MCD),coefficient of variation(CV) in the cell size,and hexagonal appearance of the cell were obtained.·RESULTS:In low myopic eyes the MCD was 3 063.0±176.2/mm2,the mean CV was 33.4 ±4.0% and the mean hexagonal appearance of the cell was 57.9 ±2.7%.In moderate myopic eyes the MCD was 2961.6 ±159.0/mm2,the mean CV was 33.9 ±3.6% and mean hexagonal appearance of the cell was 56.2 ±4.7%.There were statistically significant differences in MCD(P <0.000) and hexagonal appearance of the cell(P <0.005) between low and moderate myopic eyes.·CONCLUSION:The corneal endothelial cell layer in more myopic eyes tends to have less MCD and cell hexagonality compared to lower myopic ***,there is no significant difference in CV between low and moderate myopic eyes.

关键词： cornea myopic eyes specular microscopy endothelial cell density morphology

Canada’s inter-agency wild bird influenza survey

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 409-417页

作者： jane PARMLEY Stéphane LAIR Frederick A.LEIGHTON Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Centre for Coastal Health NanaimoCanada Faculty of Veterinarian Medicine University of MontrealSaint HyacintheCanada Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada

Canada’s Inter-agency Wild Bird Influenza Survey,which started in 2005,and is a collaborative effort among federal,provincial and territorial government agencies as well as non-governmental organizations and academic institutions,has two components:(i)a seasonal survey of live wild waterfowl species from selected geographic regions across Canada(to expand our understanding of the avian influenza viruses circulating in wild bird populations);and(ii)an ongoing survey of birds found dead that are submitted to a regional diagnostic laboratory(to enhance detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza strains).Combined swabs from the cloaca and oro-pharynx collected from each bird are screened using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RRT-PCR)that targets a unique segment of the influenza A M1 *** the M1 result is positive or inconclusive,RRT-PCR for gene segments of the H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes are *** samples that are RRT-PCR positive for H5 or H7 are sent immediately for test confirmation and further *** field and laboratory data are entered into a database developed and maintained by the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health *** the survey commenced in 2005,on average,30%of all live ducks sampled,5%of other species of live birds and 3%of birds found dead have tested positive for avian influenza,all of North American lineage and of low pathogenicity.

关键词： avian influenza survey virus wild birds zoonosis.

DOCK8 regulates signal transduction events to control immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 406-411页

作者： Conor J Kearney Katrina L Randall jane Oliaro Immune Defence Laboratory Cancer Immunology Division The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia Australian National University Medical School Australian National University Acton Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia

Genetic mutations in the gene encoding DOCK8 cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome （AR-HIES）, referred to as DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency in humans results in the onset of combined immunodeficiency disease （CID）, clinically associated with chronic infections with diverse microbial pathogens, and a predisposition to malignancy. It is now becoming clear that DOCK8 regulates the function of diverse immune cell sub-types, particularly lymphocytes, to drive both innate and adaptive immune responses. Early studies demonstrated that DOCK8 is required for lymphocyte survival, migration and immune synapse formation, which translates to poor pathogen control in the absence of DOCK8. However, more recent advances have pointed to a crucial role for DOCK8 in regulating the signal transduction events that control transcriptional activity, cytokine production and functional polarization of immune cells. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of DOCK8 function, paying particular attention to an emerging role as a signaling intermediate to promote immune responses to diverse external stimuli.

关键词： DOCK8 immunodeficiency lymphocytes NK Cells signal transduction

Defining Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)hydrologic responseunits(HRUs)by field boundaries

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 69-80页

作者： Margaret M.Kalcic Indrajeet Chaubey jane Frankenberger Graham Sustainability Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48104USA Department of Earth Atmosphericand Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineeri ng Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)is widely used to relate farm management practices to their impacts on surface waters at the watershed scale,yet its smallest spatial unit is not generally defined by physically meaningful *** hydrologic response unit(HRU)is the smallest spatial unit of the model,and the standard HRU definition approach lumps all similar land uses,soils,and slopes within a subbasin based upon user-defined *** standard method provides an efficient way to discretize large watersheds where simulation at the field scale may not be computationally *** relatively smaller watersheds,however,defining HRUs to specific spatial locations bounded by property lines or field borders would often be advantageous,yet this is not currently possible within the ArcSWAT *** this study,a simple approach is demonstrated that defines HRUs by field boundaries through addition of uniquely named soils to the SWAT user soil database and creation of a field boundary layer with majority land use and soil *** of nitrogen,phosphorus,and sediment losses were compared in a case study watershed where SWAT was set up using both the standard HRU definition and field boundary ***-scale results were reasonable and similar for both methods,but aggregating fields by majority soil type masked extremely high soil erosion predicted for a few *** from field-based HRU delineation may be quite different from the standard approach due to choosing a majority soil type in each farm *** approach is flexible such that any land use and soil data prepared for SWAT can be used and any shapefile boundary can divide HRUs.

关键词： watershed modeling Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) hydrologic response units field boundaries common land units landuse management

A Web-based system enabling the integration,analysis,and 3D sub-surface visualization of groundwater monitoring data and geological models

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 197-214页

作者： jane Hunter Charles Brooking Lucy Reading Sue Vink School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering(ITEE) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry(CWIMI) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

The 3D Water Chemistry Atlas is an intuitive,open source,Web-based system that enables the three-dimensional(3D)sub-surface visualization of ground water monitoring data,overlaid on the local geological model(formation and aquifer strata).This paper firstly describes the results of evaluating existing virtual globe technologies,which led to the decision to use the Cesium open source WebGL Virtual Globe and Map Engine as the underlying *** it describes the backend database and search,filtering,browse and analysis tools that were developed to enable users to interactively explore the groundwater monitoring data and interpret it spatially and temporally relative to the local geological formations and aquifers via the Cesium *** result is an integrated 3D visualization system that enables environmental managers and regulators to assess groundwater conditions,identify inconsistencies in the data,manage impacts and risks and make more informed decisions about coal seam gas extraction,waste water extraction,and water reuse.

关键词： 3D sub-surface visualization groundwater geological model

Conceptualising Intangible Heritage in Urban Environments: Challenges for Implementing the HUL Recommendation

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Built Heritage 2018年第4期2卷 72-81页

作者： Harriet jane Deacon Centre for Dance Research Coventry UniversityCoventryUnited Kingdom

The Historic Urban Landscape(HUL)Recommendation(UNESCO 2011)suggests that heritage management should be holistic,integrated,people-centred and focused on sustainable development *** tangible and intangible heritage should be taken into account,allowing for appropriate change over time.A variety of stakeholders should be involved in planning processes,including all levels of government,NGOs and *** dialogue and mediation,as well as tools such as documentation,inventorying and mapping should be used to identify multiple layers of *** the Recommendation thus offers a wonderful opportunity to develop consultative,bottom-up,integrated planning for sustainable development in urban *** paper suggests that one barrier to integrating management planning for tangible and intangible heritage is a persistent confusion about what‘intangible heritage’is and why it deserves *** it the values that local communities associate with their environment(‘intangible values’),or is it cultural practices that they happen to perform in that environment(intangible cultural heritage,or ICH)?Should‘intangible heritage’be managed as an attribute attesting to the authenticity of tangible fabric,or as a subject of safeguarding in its own right?If it means all these things at the same time,why is the same concept being used for so many different ideas and what are the consequences?The paper will suggest that a clearer conceptual understanding of intangible heritage is necessary to effectively integrate it into urban management strategies under the HUL approach.

关键词： intangible heritage Historic Urban Landscape UNESCO intangible heritage convention

Coconut oil:what do we really know about it so far?

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第2期3卷 61-72页

作者： Renan da Silva Lima jane Mara Block Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil

In recent years,coconut oil has emerged as a potential‘miracle’*** media vehicles and health specialists assure that this fat is capable of promoting health benefits,such as weight reduction,cholesterol lowering,prevention of cardiovascular diseases,and anti-inflammatory effect,among *** claims are used to market the product and boost its sales by coconut oil ***,governmental regulatory agencies in many countries are still sceptical about the benefits obtained by the consumption of coconut oil due to its high-saturated fatty acid *** light of such controversy,this review focused on analysing the published literature on the alleged health claims,in order to investigate if there is enough scientific evidence to support *** was verified that the metabolism of lauric acid,the major fatty acid in coconut oil,remains *** studies reported that the product was not efficient in weight ***,it has been reported that the consumption of coconut oil increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,consequently increasing the risk of cardiovascular *** general,the studies present conflicting results and there is a lack of long-term human-based clinical ***,as a saturated fat,coconut oil should be consumed with moderation and the health allegations should not be used to market the product,once they are not scientifically proven so far.

关键词： lauric acid saturated fatty acids medium-chain triglycerides LDL cholesterol cardiovascular diseases

Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison jane Karley Matthew Emslie-Smith Alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

MicroRNAs as therapeutic strategy for hepatitis B virusassociated hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future prospects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 5973-5986页

作者： Yi Lin jane Tan Wei Ning Chen School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains to be one of the top causing cancer-related deaths *** majority of HCC cases are reported to be the result of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)*** treatments for HBV-related HCC revolve around the use of drugs to inhibit viral replication,as a high level of viral load and antigen in circulation often presents a poor patient ***,existing therapies are inefficient in the complete eradication of HBV,often resulting in tumour *** involvement of microRNAs(miRNAs)in important processes in HBV-related HCC makes it an important player in the progression of HCC in chronic hepatitis B infected *** this review,we discuss the key aspects of HBV infection and the important viral products that may regulate cancerrelated processes via their interaction with miRNAs or their closely related protein ***,we also look at how miRNAs may go about regulating the virus,especially in vital processes like viral *** from miRNAs acting as either oncogenes or tumour-suppressors,we also look at how miRNAs may function as biomarkers that may possibly serve as better candidates than those currently employed in the diagnosis of HBV infection or HBV-related HCC.A summary of the roles of miRNAs in HBV-related HCC will hopefully lead to a gain in understanding of the pathogenesis process and pave the way for new insights in medical therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus X protein Hepatocellular carcinoma Mechanisms MicroRNAs Profiling