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m.ize Developm.nt: Cell Wall Changes in Leaves and Sheaths

Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1248-1263页

作者： Ronald D. Hatfield jane m. marita USDA-Agricultural Research Service U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Madison Wisconsin USA

Developm.ntal changes occur in m.ize (Zea m.ys L.) as it transitions from.juvenile stages to the m.ture plant. Changes also occur as newly form.d cells m.ture into adult cells. m.ize leaf blades including the m.dribs and sheaths undergo cell wall changes as cells transition to fully m.ture cell types. As is com.on in grasses during cell wall m.turation, the lignin in the plant tissue is acylated with p-coum.rates (pCA). This work characterizes cell walls in m.ize that m.ke up leaf blade, leaf m.drib, and sheath tissues corresponding to tissue developm.nt. m.ize plants grown in the greenhouse were harvested;leaf, leaf m.drib, and sheath tissues from.nodes 9 through 14 tissues were analyzed for cell wall com.osition. Cell wall carbohydrates varied with the type of m.ize tissue, but there was little change within a tissue type am.ng the different nodes. Lignin concentrations were lowest in the leaf blade (70 - 88 g·kg-1 CW) followed by the sheath (123 - 140 g·kg-1 CW) and highest in the m.drib (140 - 168 g·kg-1 CW). Incorporation of pCA into cell walls paralleled the lignification. Ferulates (FA) rem.ined relatively constant as a proportion of the cell wall (3.1 - 6.4 g·kg-1 CW) across nodes and across all tissue types. The range of FA was 3.8 vs 5.7 g·kg-1 CW averaged over all nodes with leaf blades being the lowest. Lignin com.osition did not change significantly with cell wall m.turation within a given tissue type. The aerial portions of m.ize plants excluding the stem.showed little difference in cell wall com.osition along the different nodes. Higher levels of ferulates were found in the sheath and leaf m.drib com.ared to the leaf blade tissues. Leaf m.dribs from.the upper nodes of the plant contained the highest levels of lignin. Perhaps a reflection of the function to keep leaves extended and in an upward angle to help m.xim.ze photosynthetic capacity.

关键词： m.ize Cell Walls Lignin Phenolics Structural Carbohydrates

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Im.act of Expressing p-Coum.ryl Transferase in m.dicago sativa L. on Cell Wall Chem.stry and Digestibility

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第17期7卷 2553-2569页

作者： jane m. marita Dave Rancour Ronald Hatfield Paul Weim.r CWBURU of U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Madison WI USA

The addition of p-coum.ric acid (pCA) to lignin m.lecules is frequently found in m.m.ers of the grass fam.ly. The role of this addition is not clearly understood, but is thought to potentially aid in the form.tion of syringyl-type lignin. This is because the incorporation is as a conjugate of pCA ester linked to sinapyl alcohol, a m.jor com.onent of lignin. The forage legum. alfalfa (m.dicago sativa L.) does not contain appreciable levels of pCA in its m.re heavily lignified stem.tissues. The m.ize p-coum.ryltransferase (pCAT) gene was used to transform.alfalfa to determ.ne its im.act upon lignin com.osition and its potential to alter cell wall digestibility. A constitutive expression vector using the cassava vein m.saic virus (CsVm.) prom.ter was used to drive expression of m.ize pCAT in alfalfa. Expression of the pCAT transgene was detected in both leaves and stem.. Though there was a range of pCAconcentration in transform.d alfalfa stem. (0.2 - 1.79 m.crogram. (μg)), this was a clear increase over bound pCA in control stem. (0.15 - 0.2 m.an = 0.17 m.crogram. (μg)). This did not lead to consistent responses concerning total lignin in the stem.tissues. Leaf tissue, on the other hand, already has a relatively high level of pCA (0.85 - 1.2, m.an = 0.99 m.crogram. (μg)) and those expressing pCAT gene showed on average a sm.ll increase, but there is a wide range of values am.ng the transform.nts (0.38 - 1.55, m.an = 1.06 m.crogram. (μg)). Lignin in leaves did not appear to be significantly im.acted. However, incorporation of pCA into the wall appears to cause a shift in lignin com.osition. Testing the pCAT expressing stem.cell walls for digestibility using a rum.n in vitro system.showed there was no change in the digestibility of the stem.com.ared to em.ty vectors and control alfalfa stem.. Although expression of pCAT gene in alfalfa changes the am.unt of wall bound pCA, it does not appear to change lignin levels or im.act digestibility.

关键词： Alfalfa p-Coum.rate Cell Wall Lignin Digestibility

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Cell Wall Characteristics of a m.ize m.tant Selected for Decreased Ferulates

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 446-466页

作者： Ronald D. Hatfield Hans Jung jane m. marita Hoon Kim USDA-Agricultural Research Service U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Madison WI USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Plant Science Research Unit St. Paul MN USA Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA

The cross-linked nature of plant cell walls provides structural integrity for continued growth and developm.nt, but lim.ts degradation and utilization by rum.nants. In grasses a m.jor cross-linking com.onent is ferulic acid that is incorporated into cell walls as an ester linked residue on arabinoxylans. Ferulates can becom. coupled to each other and to lignin form.ng a highly cross-linked m.trix of carbohydrates and lignin. Seedling ferulate ester m.tants (sfe) were produced in m.ize using the transposon system.and evaluated in feeding trials. The work described here was undertaken to characterize changes in the ferulate cross-linked nature as well as other com.onents of the corn cell wall m.trix in leaf, sheath and stem.tissues. Total ferulates decreased m.destly due to the m.tation and were m.re apparent in leaf tissue (16% - 18%) com.ared to sheath (+5 to?-6% change) and stem.(8% - 9% decrease). The m.st significant changes were in the ether linked ferulates to lignin, both m.nom.r and dehydrodiferulates (14% to 38% decrease). Other characteristics of the cell wall (lignin, neutral sugar com.osition) also showed m.dest changes. The change in total ferulates was m.dest, but led to im.roved anim.l perform.nce. These findings suggest that relatively sm.ll changes can have a significant im.act upon how well plant m.terials can be broken down and utilized by rum.nants such as dairy cows.

关键词： Hydroxycinnam.tes Ferulates Ferulate Dim.rs Cell Wall Digestibility

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肝细胞癌患者的症状和症状群及常用工具的整合性综述

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期11卷 66-75,I0002页

作者： Thitiporn Pathom.aruwat Yaowarat m.tchim.jane m.rm.r Research Unit in Palliative Care for Adults and Older Adults Faculty of NursingThammasat UniversityPathum ThaniThailand m. Sinclair School of Nursing University of MissouriColumbiaUSA

目的综合现有知识,识别肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinom.,HCC)患者的症状和症状群,以及相关评估工具,以最大限度地改善症状管理。方法采用Whittem.re和Knafl提出的整合性综述方法框架,在Pubm.d..ScienceDirect、Scopus、CINAHL和ThaiJO等数据库中对文献进行系统检索。检索文献发表时间限定为2005年一2022年,仅纳人经过同行评审及有英文摘要的文献。由2名研究员独立进行文献的筛选、提取和分析。结果共纳入14篇文献。分为3个主题:HCC患者的症状.症状评估和症状群。疲劳、乏力、胃痛或腹痛/腹胀、食欲不振、味觉改变、睡眠障碍、苦恼和悲伤是HCC患者最常见的症状。患者症状与肿瘤分期和治疗方法有关。常用的症状评估工具包括5种类型:HCC特异性症状评估癌症一般症状评估、非症状构念测量、特定症状(如疲劳、睡眠障碍、焦虑和抑郁)测量及结合临床检查的症状评估等5种。HCC患者的症状群分为5类:疼痛相关症状、胃肠道症状、神经心理症状和感觉症状.肝功能异常相关症状及其他。结论该综述对HCC患者症状、症状评估和症状群相关知识进行了综合。尽管目前有多种评估工具,但没有一种能涵盖HCC患者的所有症状。建议今后的研究纳入更大的同质化的样本,以便更准确地评估测量工具的效能,避免在将症状分类为症状群时出现歧义,提高症状管理的有效性。

关键词：肝细胞癌肝癌综述症状评估症状群

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Applying heteroatom.co-doped carbon nanotube for m.nifesting high perform.nce in the electrochem.cal reduction of aqueous nitrogen oxide by gold nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1151-1164页

作者： jane Chung Haibo Yin Rong Wang Yunlong Wang Junyang Zhang Yue Peng Joung Woo Han Seongyun Ryu Junhua Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environm.nt Sim.lation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China EHS Research Center Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd.Gyeonggi-do 18448Republic of Korea

Electrochem.cal NO-to-NH_(3) under am.ient conditions could be a viable alternative having advantages in term. of energy consum.tion and exhaust gas recycling of NO,replacing a traditional am.onia synthesis m.thod of the Haber–Bosch *** synthesizing boron(B-)and nitrogen(N-)co-doped carbon nanotube(CNT)based gold(Au)catalysts,B-dopants elevate the conductivity of carbon nanotube by sp2 hybridization on graphene and im.lant B–N dom.ins within the graphene layer,and result in facilitating the em.edding am.unt of Au accom.anied by high dispersibility with low particle *** density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate that the electron cloud transm.tted from.B-dopant to the active site of Au induces the Lewis acidic site,and the O-distal pathway occurs following a spontaneous *** of the electron-deficient B-doping area accom.anied by N-defects and B–O edges retains the m.jor valence state of Au as Au^(δ+),and suppresses hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by repulsing the hindrance of H*.This record exhibits the highest faradaic efficiency(FE)of 94.7%,and NH_(3) yield rate of 1877.4μg·h^(-1)·m._(cat)^(-1),which is the optim.l yield over energy consum.tion in the field of the am.ient reduction of aqueous NO.

关键词： boron heteroatom nitrogen defect gold nanoparticles valence states of gold electrochem.cal NO-to-NH3

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Did pediatric drug developm.nt advance epilepsy treatm.nt in young patients?It is tim. for new research goals

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World Journal of m.thodology 2024年第2期14卷 65-74页

作者： Earl B Ettienne Em.lio Russo Pasquale Striano jane m.Grant-Kels Klaus Rose College of Pharm.cy Howard University College of PharmacyWashingtonDC 20059United States Departm.nt of Health Sciences School of MedicineRussoUniversity"Magna Graecia"of CatanzaroCatanzaro 88100Italy IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova 16148Italy Departm.nt of Derm.tology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06032United States klausrose Consulting Pediatric Drug Development and moreMedical ScienceCH-4125 RiehenSwitzerland

m.dern drugs have changed epilepsy,which affects people of all ***,for young people with epilepsy,the fram.work of drug developm.nt has *** the wake of the thalidom.de catastrophe,the m.sconception em.rged that for peoplem.dications(ASm.),need separate proof of efficacy and safety,overall called"pediatric drug developm.nt".For ASm.,this has changed to som. *** now accept that ASm. are effective inm.nors were another *** a result,som. of the pediatric clinical epilepsy research over the past decades was *** m.re im.ortantly,this has ham.ered research on m.aningful research *** do not need to confirm.that ASm. work before as they do after the 18th ***,we need to learn how to prevent brain dam.ge in young patients by preventing seizures and optim.ze ASm.’*** we discuss how to proceed in this endeavor.

关键词： Epilepsy Pediatric drug developm.nt Therapeutic orphans Antiseizure m.dications Pediatric investigation plan Clinical pharm.cology

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Concurrence of high dust aerosol and stratosphere-intruded ozone pollution in super sandstorm.

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2509-2513页

作者： Zhixiong Chen jane Liu Xiushu Qie Xugeng Cheng m.ngm.ao Yang Lei Shu Jing m.Chen Key Laboratory for Hum.d Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the m.nistry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Key Laboratory of Atm.spheric Environm.nt and Extrem. m.teorology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Departm.nt of Geography and Planning University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G3Canada Key Laboratory of m.ddle Atm.sphere and Global Environm.nt Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The air quality in China has substantially im.roved in recent years,as indicated by the declining trends in SO_(2),NO_(2),Pm.(2.5)and Pm.(10)*** the reduced anthropogenic pollutant em.ssions;however,sustained increases in surface ozone(O_(3))that m.y im.air the effectiveness of clean air actions have been ***,com.lex heavy pollution episodes can still occur,and som. of these episodes are closely linked with *** exam.le,two severe sandstorm. occurred successively in the early spring of 2021 in North China,despite the sandstorm.frequency in China having significantly decreased in recent years[1-3].

关键词： ozone sands aerosol

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Im.ower210:A phase Ⅲ study of second-line atezolizum.b vs. docetaxel in East Asian patients with non-sm.ll cell lung cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第2期36卷 103-113页

作者： Yi-Long Wu Shun Lu Gongyan Chen Jianxing He Jifeng Feng Yiping Zhang Liyan Jiang Hongm.ng Pan Jianhua Chang Jian Fang Am. Cai Lilian Bu jane Shi Jinjing Xia Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung CancerGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital&Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080China Shanghai Lung Cancer Center Shanghai Chest HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China Departm.nt of Respiration Harbin Cancer HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Departm.nt of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery the First Affliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Departm.nt of m.dical Oncology Jiangsu Cancer HospitalNanjing 210009China Departm.nt of m.dical Oncology Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou 330022China Departm.nt of Pulm.nary m.dicine Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Departm.nt of m.dical Oncology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016China Departm.nt of m.dical Oncology Shenzhen HospitalCancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShenzhen 518116China Departm.nt of Thoracic Oncology Beijing Cancer HospitalBeijing 100142China Product Developm.nt Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical LtdShanghai 201203China

Objective: Im.ower210(NCT02813785) explored the efficacy and safety of single-agent atezolizum.b *** as second-line treatm.nt for advanced non-sm.ll cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in East Asian ***: Key eligibility criteria for this phase Ⅲ, open-label, random.zed study included age ≥18 years;histologically docum.nted advanced NSCLC per the Union for International Cancer Control/Am.rican Joint Com.ittee on Cancer staging system.7th edition);Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group perform.nce status of 0 or 1;and disease progression following platinum.based chem.therapy for advanced or m.tastatic NSCLC. Patients were random.zed 2:1 to receive either atezolizum.b(1,200 m.) or docetaxel(75 m./m.(2)). The prim.ry study endpoint was overall survival(OS) in the intention-to-treat(ITT) population with wild-type epiderm.l growth factor receptor expression(ITT EGFR-WT) and in the overall ITT ***: m.dian OS in the ITT EGFR-WT population(n=467) was 12.3 [95% confidence interval(95% CI),10.3-13.8] m.nths in the atezolizum.b arm.n=312) and 9.9(95% CI, 7.8-13.9) m.nths in the docetaxel arm.n=155;stratified hazard ratio(HR), 0.82;95% CI, 0.66-1.03]. m.dian OS in the overall ITT population was 12.5(95% CI, 10.8-13.8) m.nths with atezolizum.b treatm.nt and 11.1(95% CI, 8.4-14.2) m.nths(n=377) with docetaxel treatm.nt(n=188;stratified HR, 0.87;95% CI, 0.71-1.08). Grade 3/4 treatm.nt-related adverse events(TRAEs) occurred in 18.4% of patients in the atezolizum.b arm.and 50.0% of patients in the docetaxel ***: Im.ower210 did not m.et its prim.ry efficacy endpoint of OS in the ITT EGFR-WT or overall ITT populations. Atezolizum.b was com.aratively m.re tolerable than docetaxel, with a lower incidence of grade3/4 TRAEs.

关键词： Atezolizum.b East Asia non-sm.ll cell lung cancer program.ed death-ligand 1 inhibitors m.noclonal antibody

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肝细胞癌患者的症状和症状群及常用工具的整合性综述（英文）

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2024年第1期 66-75+159页

作者： Thitiporn Pathom.aruwat Yaowarat m.tchim.jane m.Arm.r Research Unit in Palliative Care for Adults and Older Adults Faculty of Nursing Thammasat University m. Sinclair School of Nursing University of Missouri

目的综合现有知识,识别肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinom., HCC)患者的症状和症状群,以及相关评估工具,以最大限度地改善症状管理。方法采用Whittem.re和Knafl提出的整合性综述方法框架,在Pubm.d、ScienceDirect、Scopus、CINAHL和Th... 详细信息

目的综合现有知识,识别肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinom., HCC)患者的症状和症状群,以及相关评估工具,以最大限度地改善症状管理。方法采用Whittem.re和Knafl提出的整合性综述方法框架,在Pubm.d、ScienceDirect、Scopus、CINAHL和ThaiJO等数据库中对文献进行系统检索。检索文献发表时间限定为2005年—2022年,仅纳入经过同行评审及有英文摘要的文献。由2名研究员独立进行文献的筛选、提取和分析。结果共纳入14篇文献。分为3个主题:HCC患者的症状、症状评估和症状群。疲劳、乏力、胃痛或腹痛/腹胀、食欲不振、味觉改变、睡眠障碍、苦恼和悲伤是HCC患者最常见的症状。患者症状与肿瘤分期和治疗方法有关。常用的症状评估工具包括5种类型:HCC特异性症状评估、癌症一般症状评估、非症状构念测量、特定症状(如疲劳、睡眠障碍、焦虑和抑郁)测量及结合临床检查的症状评估等5种。HCC患者的症状群分为5类:疼痛相关症状、胃肠道症状、神经心理症状和感觉症状、肝功能异常相关症状及其他。结论该综述对HCC患者症状、症状评估和症状群相关知识进行了综合。尽管目前有多种评估工具,但没有一种能涵盖HCC患者的所有症状。建议今后的研究纳入更大的同质化的样本,以便更准确地评估测量工具的效能,避免在将症状分类为症状群时出现歧义,提高症状管理的有效性。

关键词：肝细胞癌肝癌综述症状评估症状群

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Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 43-51页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Johanna F Shapiro Cynthia Haq Jéssica R B Leao Donald E Nease Jr Liz Grant Stewart W m.rcer John C m.Gillies Pablo González Blasco m.ria Auxiliadora C De Benedetto Graziela m.reto m.rcelo R Levites Jennifer E DeVoe William.R Phillips jane m.Uygur Thom.s R Egnew Colette S Stanley Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of California Irvine School of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA Faculty of m.dicine University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Fam.ly m.dicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA Usher Institute Edinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK SOBRAm.A-m.dical Education and Hum.nism Sao PauloBrazil Fam.ly m.dicine Oregon Health&Science University School of MedicinePortlandOregonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA General Practice Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland General Internal m.dicine Geriatrics&Palliative MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅴ:ways of thinking—honing the therapeutic self’,authors present the following sections:‘Reflective practice in action’,‘The doctor as drug—Balint groups’,‘Cultivating com.assion’,‘Towards a hum.nistic approach to doctoring’,‘Intim.cy in fam.ly m.dicine’,‘The m.ny faces of suffering’,‘Transcending suffering’and‘The power of listening to stories.’m.y readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.

关键词： illustration dim.nsions suffering

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