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Dosimetric Impact of Inter-Fraction Variation in Interstitial HDR Brachytherapy

International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2013年第4期2卷 111-116页

作者： saravanan Kandasamy K. s. Reddy Vivekanandan nagarajan Parthasarathy Vedasoundaram Gunaseelan Karunanidhi Department of Radiotherapy Regional Cancer Centre Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India Department of Radiotherapy Regional Cancer Centre Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India Medical Physics Department Cancer Institute (WIA) Chennai India

Background: Patient setup errors in External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) are minimized to a great extent, due to recent technological developments but in contrary brachytherapy received least attention in inter-fraction catheter movement and its impact in dose delivery. This article deals with inter-fraction interstitial catheter movement and its impact in dose delivery to the target. An attempt is made to study the dosimetric impact of this variation. Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate the inter-fraction variation in the position of implanted interstitial applicators and to assess the dosimetric impact in interstitial High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Materials and Methods: 55 patients treated for carcinoma tongue, breast, buccal mucosa, cervix, floor of mouth and soft tissue sarcoma over a period of 2 years (December 2011-May 2013) were considered. All the patients underwent CT scan on the next day of the implant and 3D planning was done either by Eclipse or Oncentra Master plan Treatment Planning system (TPs). Patients were treated by HDR brachytherapy remote after-loading units, either by Gamma Med iX plus or Microselectron. At the end of the last fraction, CT scan was repeated and re-planning done. The variation in position of the implanted applicators/catheters and its impact on dosimetric parameters were evaluated and analyzed. Results: The range of positional displacement of the interstitial catheters ranges from 4.5 mm to 6.8 mm. The maximum variation in prescribed dose to D90 of Clinical Target Volume was 10.88%. Conclusions: If the total duration of interstitial implant of HDR brachytherapy extends for more than a week from the day of imaging, it is recommended to do CT imaging and re-plan again. It is mandatory to suture the buttons of the implant to the skin. Edema and movement of organs (e.g., tongue) are the main cause for the positional variation of the catheters.

关键词： HDR Brachytherapy Interstitial Implant Inter-Fraction Variation Dosimetric Variation

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Classification of human emotion from EEG using discrete wavelet transform

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Journal of Biomedical science and Engineering 2010年第4期3卷 390-396页

作者： Murugappan Murugappan nagarajan Ramachandran Yaacob sazali 不详

In this paper, we summarize the human emotion recognition using different set of electroencephalogram (EEG) channels using discrete wavelet transform. An audio-visual induction based protocol has been designed with more dynamic emotional content for inducing discrete emotions (disgust, happy, surprise, fear and neutral). EEG signals are collected using 64 electrodes from 20 subjects and are placed over the entire scalp using International 10-10 system. The raw EEG signals are preprocessed using surface Laplacian (sL) filtering method and decomposed into three different frequency bands (alpha, beta and gamma) using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). We have used “db4” wavelet function for deriving a set of conventional and modified energy based features from the EEG signals for classifying emotions. Two simple pattern classification methods, K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods are used and their performances are compared for emotional states classification. The experimental results indicate that, one of the proposed features (ALREE) gives the maximum average classification rate of 83.26% using KNN and 75.21% using LDA compared to those of conventional features. Finally, we present the average classification rate and subsets of emotions classification rate of these two different classifiers for justifying the performance of our emotion recognition system.

关键词： EEG Human Emotions Discrete Wavelet Transform KNN LDA

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多假设跟踪的新方法——nagarajan搜索法

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系统工程与电子技术 1988年第8期 52-60页

作者： V.nagarajan ,王连成

为解决稠密目标环境中观测与航迹的数据关联问题,1974年,***等人提出了一种多假设跟踪方法MHT(multiplehypothesis tracking)。这种方法虽然是实现数据关联的重要途径之一,但是,由于这种最初的方法不仅要求存储过去的观测数据和许多假设... 详细信息

为解决稠密目标环境中观测与航迹的数据关联问题,1974年,***等人提出了一种多假设跟踪方法MHT(multiplehypothesis tracking)。这种方法虽然是实现数据关联的重要途径之一,但是,由于这种最初的方法不仅要求存储过去的观测数据和许多假设,而且要求适当的假设修剪(pyuning)技术,所以难以实时地应用。为寻找N个整体最好假设,需要比较两

关键词：矩阵数学分析备选假设极大似然 nagarajan 搜索法密码算法多假设跟踪

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Application of Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array in Multi Response Optimization of NO<sub>x</sub>Emission of Crude Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester Blend as a CI Engine Fuel

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Open Journal of Optimization 2012年第2期1卷 25-33页

作者： subramani saravanan Govindan nagarajan santhanam sampath Department of Automobile Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College Thandalam India Department of Automobile Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Sriperumbudur India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Anna University Chennai India

In this work an attempt was made to minimize the NOx emission of a crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME) blend with less sacrifice on smoke density and brake thermal efficiency. Three factors namely fuel injection timing, percentage EGR and fuel injection pressure were chosen as the influencing factors for the set objective. Experiments were designed by employing design of experiments method and Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used to test the engine. MRsN ratio was calculated for the response variables and the optimum combination level of factors was obtained simultaneously using Taguchi’s parametric design. ANOVA was employed to analyze the variance of MRsN and the most influencing factor for the set objective was taken from the ANOVA table. Obtained combination was confirmed experimentally and significant improvement was observed in the response variables.

关键词： Diesel Engine Emission Crude Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array MRsN DOE

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Development of Micro selective Laser Melting:The state of the Art and Future Perspectives

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Engineering 2019年第4期5卷 702-720页

作者： Balasubramanian nagarajan Zhiheng Hu Xu song Wei Zhai Jun Wei singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology(sIMTech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A^*STAR)Singapore 637662Singapore

Additive manufacturing(AM)is gaining traction in the manufacturing industry for the fabrication of components with complex geometries using a variety of *** laser melting(sLM)is a common AM technique that is based on powder-bed fusion(PBF)to process metals;however,it is currently focused only on the fabrication of macroscale and mesoscale *** paper reviews the state of the art of the sLM of metallic materials at the microscale *** comparison with the direct writing techniques that are commonly used for micro AM,micro sLM is attractive due to a number of factors,including a faster cycle time,process simplicity,and material versatility.A comprehensive evaluation of various research works and commercial systems for the fabrication of microscale parts using sLM and selective laser sintering(sLs)is *** addition to identifying existing issues with sLM at the microscale,which include powder recoating,laser optics,and powder particle size,this paper details potential future directions.A detailed review of existing recoating methods in powder-bed techniques is conducted,along with a description of emerging efforts to implement dry powder dispensing methods in the AM domain.A number of secondary finishing techniques for AM components are reviewed,with a focus on implementation for microscale features and integration with micro sLM systems.

关键词： Additive manufacturing selective laser melting Microfabrication Hybrid processing Powder-bed recoating

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Protective effect of probiotic diets on haematobiochemical and histopathology changes of Mystus montanus(Jerdon 1849)against Aeromonas hydrophila

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2013年第4期 259-264页

作者： Gurusamy Chelladurai Jebaraj Felicitta Rathinasami nagarajan Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Kamaraj CollegeTuticorinTamilnaduIndia Assistant Professor PG Department of ZoologyKamaraj CollegeTuticorinTamilnaduIndia

Objectives:To evaluate the protective effct of probiotic diets on haemotobiochemical and histopathology changes of Mystus montanus against Aeromonas hydrophila(***).Methods:Three experimental groups of fish were fed with a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus(***)(sporolac),comprising about 0.1 g,0.2 g and 0.3 *** group of fish were fed without *** 60 d of feeding the fishes in experimental group were injected with 1 mL of *** and were supplemented with probiotic *** control group fishes were injected with 1 mL of physiological saline solution ***:Blood samples were collected for haematobiochemical analysis,while samples of the liver,and gills were examined for path histology after 7 d of *** result showed that the growth parameters,weight gain,specific growth rate were better in infected group maintained on the probiotic diet compared to those in control *** haematology parameters,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,red blood cell,white blood cell,total serum protein,Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Cl,glucose,cholesterol and total immunoglobulin concentration and the pathohistology of the liver,gills were better in the infected fish maintained on the probiotic diet than those in the group fed the control ***:The result of the present study showed that *** is useful as a probiotic agent in Mystus montanus against ***.

关键词： Mystus montanus Aeromonas hydrophila Lactobacillus acidophilus Haemotobiochemical Histopathology

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An Efficient Framework for Indian sign Language Recognition Using Wavelet Transform

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Circuits and systems 2016年第8期7卷 1874-1883页

作者： Mathavan suresh Anand nagarajan Mohan Kumar Angappan Kumaresan Anna University Chennai India Department of Computer science and Engineering Sri Sai Ram Engineering College Anna University Chennai India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SKP Engineering College Anna University Tirvannamalai India

Hand gesture recognition system is considered as a way for more intuitive and proficient human computer interaction tool. The range of applications includes virtual prototyping, sign language analysis and medical training. In this paper, an efficient Indian sign Language Recognition system (IsLR) is proposed for deaf and dump people using hand gesture images. The proposed IsLR system is considered as a pattern recognition technique that has two important modules: feature extraction and classification. The joint use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based feature extraction and nearest neighbour classifier is used to recognize the sign language. The experimental results show that the proposed hand gesture recognition system achieves maximum 99.23% classification accuracy while using cosine distance classifier.

关键词： Hand Gesture sign Language Recognition Thresholding Wavelet Transform Nearest Neighbour Classifier

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Reduced Model Based Control of Two Link Flexible space Robot

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2011年第2期2卷 112-120页

作者： Amit Kumar Pushparaj Mani Pathak nagarajan sukavanam 不详

Model based control schemes use the inverse dynamics of the robot arm to produce the main torque component necessary for trajectory tracking. For model-based controller one is required to know the model parameters accurately. This is a very difficult task especially if the manipulator is flexible. so a reduced model based controller has been developed, which requires only the information of space robot base velocity and link parameters. The flexible link is modeled as Euler Bernoulli beam. To simplify the analysis we have considered Jacobian of rigid manipulator. Bond graph modeling is used to model the dynamics of the system and to devise the control strategy. The scheme has been verified using simulation for two links flexible space manipulator.

关键词： Flexible space Robots Bond Graph Modeling Reduced Model Based Controller Euler-Bernoulli Beam

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Fuzzy Empowered Cognitive spatial Relation Identification and semantic Action Recognition

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Circuits and systems 2016年第8期7卷 1906-1915页

作者： R. I. Minu G. nagarajan Department of Computer science and Engineering Jerusalem College of Engineering Chennai India Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Sathyabama University Chennai India

Automatic labeling of the action held by the players in a live-in sports video is the main motivation of this paper. In this paper, we proposed a fuzzy-based action recognition system from a basketball sports image. This paper deals with the intellectual sports event action recognition from a live video stream. It required an intelligent system which would automatically and semantically label the action in the videos through machine understandability concept. The machine knowledge can be feed through the domain ontology of particular sports event. The major required component for this kind of system is an efficient image analysis component and automation action labelling component. The image is labelled using Type-2 Fuzzy set concept.

关键词： sIFT Type II Fuzzy segmentation JsEG RCC

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Postmastectomy scar Boost Irradiation Using HDR surface Mould Brachytherapy by 3D Image-Based Volume Optimization

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2013年第4期2卷 139-146页

作者： Neelakandan Vijayaprabhu Karunanithi Gunaseelan nagarajan Vivekanandan Nagamuthu Karthik Cholayil shamsudheen K. s. Reddy Department of Medical Physics Anna University Chennai India Department of Medical Physics Cancer Institute (WIA) Chennai India Department of Radiotherapy Regional Cancer Center Jawharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India

Introduction: During postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT), it is recommended to boost the postmastectomy surgical scar with additional 10 Gy in 5 fractions in the patients with close or positive surgical margins. The electron beam therapy, though cumbersome, is usually preferred since it has the desired rapid fall of a dose beyond R85. An alternative but easier and reproducible treatment method for PMRT surgical scar boost using 3D CT image-based HDR surface mould brachytherapy is introduced and analyses of the target coverage and dose nearby organs-at-risk (OARs) using this method are evaluated in this study. Methods and Materials: This study includes twelve patients (five left-sided and seven right-sided chest wall), who were planned and treated with CT-image based surface mould HDR brachytherapy for chest wall scar boost (CWB) using Catheter Flap setTM (Varian Medical systems, UsA) that were given concurrently during external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments. since no guidelines are available for delineating clinical target volume (CTV) structure to be used for postmastectomy scar boost, the CTV in this study was a uniform 5-mm thick volume drawn at 5 mm beneath the skin (CTVhdr_evl) and its extent was made conforming to the boost area marked on the skin and made visible in CT images by radiopaque wires. Results: Prescribed dose (PD) to CTVhdr_evl is 7.5 Gy in 3 fractions, and 2.5 Gy per fraction. The CTVhdr_evl volume receives the PD with mean V100%, V98% and V95% values which are 98.57%, 99.63% and 100% respectively. The mean dose for heart (MHD) is 2.71 Gy in left-sided CWB and 1.80 Gy in right-sided CWB plans. Mean lung dose (MLD) is 2.48 Gy for ipsilateral lung and 0.76 Gy for contralateral lung. Maximum dose to contralateral breast is 4.93 Gy and the mean dose is 0.79 Gy. The mean percent dose to the skin volume overlying the CTVhdr_evl is 138.6% and 3.7% of skin volume received 200% of the PD. Conclusion: The 3D image-based HDR surface mould achieved good

关键词： Postmastectomy Radiation surgical scar Boost HDR surface Mould Catheter Flap

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