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Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Prepared by Ionotropic External Gelation Technique

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption sciences 2016年第1期6卷 22-34页

作者： nagarajan sriram Prakash Katakam Department of Biotechnology Acharya Nagarjuna University Guntur India Department of Pharmaceutics Priyadarshini Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guntur India

Microspheres containing Pioglitazone hydrochloride were prepared by the ionotropic external gelation method, using sodium alginate with four mucoadhesive polymers namely sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P and cellulose acetate phthalate as coat materials. Ionotropic gelation is a method to prepare microspheres using combination of Casup>2+sup> as cationic components and alginate as anion. The practical yield of prepared microspheres using the ionotropic gelation technique was between 172 mg and 604 mg. The result of the Chi-squared test carried out between the actual (practical) and expected (theoretical) yields showed no significant difference (P successfully employed to prepare pioglitazone microspheres using sodium alginate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, carbopol 934 P, HPMC, cellulose acetate butyrate polymers. The drug entrapment efficiency of prepared microspheres showed between 56.12% ± 3.86% to 84.68% ± 2.93% which was significantly higher for ionotropic gelation technique. The highest drug entrapment was found in formulation PMI 8. swelling index is the capability of a polymer to swell before the drug is released which influences the rate and mechanism of drug release from the polymer matrix. The swelling index of prepared microspheres was in the range of 68% ± 4.52% to 87% ± 0.98%. Pioglitazone HCl microspheres showed controlled release of drug without initial peak level achieving. This type of properties in Pioglitazone HCl microspheres used to decrease side effects, reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliances. From the all batches PMI 8 is considered the best formulation, because among all other formulations, it shows better extent of drug release up to 82.12% (18 h), good entrapment efficiency (84.68%) and the ex-vivo wash-off test shows the best mucoadhesive property. The in vitro drug release studies do up to 18 h. As

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Mucoadhesive Microspheres Mucoadhesive Polymers Mucoadhesion sustained Release Ionotropic External Gelation Technique

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Approximate Controllability of Fractional Order Retarded semilinear Control systems

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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2013年第3期2卷 153-160页

作者： simegne Tafesse nagarajan sukavanam Department of Mathematics Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Mathematics Indian Institute Technology Roorkee (IITR) Roorkee India

In this paper, approximate controllability of fractional order retarded semilinear systems is studied when the nonlinear term satisfies the newly formulated bounded integral contractor-type conditions. We have shown the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution for the fractional order retarded semilinear systems using an iterative procedure approach. Finally, we obtain the approximate controllability results of the system under simple condition.

关键词： Approximate Controllability Fractional Order Existence and Uniqueness Retarded semilinear system Integral Contractor

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Evaluating Peptide Mass Fingerprinting-based Protein Identification

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第3期5卷 152-157页

作者： senthilkumar Damodaran Troy D.Wood Priyadharsini nagarajan Richard A.Rabin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214USA Department of Chemistry University at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14260USA Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214USA.

Identification of proteins by mass spectrometry （Ms） is an essential step in proteomic studies and is typically accomplished by either peptide mass fingerprinting （PMF） or amino acid sequencing of the peptide. Although sequence information from Ms/Ms analysis can be used to validate PMF-based protein identification, it may not be practical when analyzing a large number of proteins and when highthroughput Ms/Ms instrumentation is not readily available. At present, a vast majority of proteomic studies employ PMF. However, there are huge disparities in criteria used to identify proteins using PMF. Therefore, to reduce incorrect protein identification using PMF, and also to increase confidence in PMF-based protein identification without accompanying Ms/Ms analysis, definitive guiding principles are essential. To this end, we propose a value-based scoring system that provides guidance on evaluating when PMF-based protein identification can be deemed sufficient without accompanying amino acid sequence data from Ms/Ms analysis.

关键词： peptide mass fingerprinting Mowse Mascot ProFound proteomics

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苝类化合物研究与应用

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化学进展 2015年第6期27卷 704-743页

作者：王辉 Ponmani Jeyakkumar sangaraiah nagarajan 孟江平周成合西南大学化学化工学院生物有机与药物化学研究所重庆市高校应用化学重点实验室重庆400715 重庆文理学院材料与化工学院环境材料与修复技术重庆市重点实验室重庆402160

苝类化合物具有大的共轭体系,易于进行结构修饰,可引入各种功能性基团,这种奇特结构赋予了苝类化合物优良的理化性质和特殊功能,在材料科学、超分子化学、生物、药学、医学等领域具有宽广的应用潜力,尤其在苝类有机光电材料已得到广泛... 详细信息

苝类化合物具有大的共轭体系,易于进行结构修饰,可引入各种功能性基团,这种奇特结构赋予了苝类化合物优良的理化性质和特殊功能,在材料科学、超分子化学、生物、药学、医学等领域具有宽广的应用潜力,尤其在苝类有机光电材料已得到广泛的研究,取得了许多重要成就。尤其是近来越来越多的研究致力于开发苝类化合物其它可能的应用,已延伸到诸多领域,特别是相关生物医药的应用研究已成为近几年来异常活跃的新兴研究领域,引起广泛关注,进展迅速。本文结合课题组的研究工作,参考国内外近五年文献,首次系统地综述了苝类化合物在有机光电材料、纳米材料、生物医药光敏剂、生物荧光标记和成像、药物载体、人工诊断剂、人工离子受体和荧光分子探针等材料、生物、医药领域应用研究新进展。文中注重强化了化合物结构对苝类化合物性质和应用的影响。对未来苝类化合物研究与应用的发展趋势作了展望。

关键词：苝材料科学超分子识别

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Well selection in depleted oil and gas fields for a safe CO_(2) storage practice: A case study from Malaysia

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Petroleum 2017年第1期3卷 167-177页

作者： Arshad Raza Raoof Gholami Reza Rezaee Chua Han Bing Ramasamy nagarajan Mohamed Ali Hamid Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityMalaysia Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin UniversityMalaysia Department of Applied Geology Curtin UniversityMalaysia

Carbon capture and sequestration technology is recognized as a successful approach taken to mitigate the amount of greenhouse gases released into the ***,having a successful storage practice requires wise selection of suitable wells in depleted oil or gas fields to reduce the risk of leakage and contamination of subsurface *** aim of this paper is to present a guideline which can be followed to provide a better understanding of sophisticated wells chosen for injection and storage *** recent studies carried out on different aspects of geosequestration indicated that the fracture pressure of seals and borehole conditions such as cement-sheath integrity,distance from faults and fractures together with the depth of wells are important parameters,which should be part of the analysis for well selection in depleted reservoirs.A workflow was then designed covering these aspects and it was applied to a depleted gas field in *** results obtained indicated that Well B in the field may have the potential of being a suitable conduit for *** more studies are required to consider other aspects of well selections,it is recommended to employ the formation integrity analysis as part of the caprock assessment before making any decisions.

关键词： CO_(2)storage Injection wells Leakage Carbonate reservoir Malaysia

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CO_(2) storage in depleted gas reservoirs:A study on the effect of residual gas saturation

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Petroleum 2018年第1期4卷 95-107页

Depleted gas reservoirs are recognized as the most promising candidate for carbon dioxide *** gas production followed by injection of carbon dioxide after depletion is the strategy adopted for secondary gas recovery and storage *** strategy,however,depends on the injection strategy,reservoir characteristics and operational *** have been many studies to-date discussing critical factors influencing the storage performance in depleted gas reservoirs while little attention was given to the effect of residual *** this paper,an attempt was made to highlight the importance of residual gas on the capacity,injectivity,reservoir pressurization,and trapping mechanisms of storage sites through the use of numerical *** results obtained indicated that the storage performance is proportionally linked to the amount of residual gas in the medium and reservoirs with low residual fluids are a better choice for storage ***,it would be wise to perform the secondary recovery before storage in order to have the least amount of residual gas in the *** the results of this study are useful to screen depleted gas reservoirs for the storage purpose,more studies are required to confirm the finding presented in this paper.

关键词： CO_(2)storage Dry gas reservoir Long term reservoir simulation Residual gas saturation

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Preliminary assessment of CO_(2) injectivity in carbonate storage sites

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Petroleum 2017年第1期3卷 144-154页

Depleted gas reservoirs are used for a large-scale carbon dioxide(CO_(2))storage and reduction of the greenhouse gas released into the *** identify a suitable depleted reservoir,it is essential to do a preliminary and comprehensive assessment of key storage factors such as storage capacity,injectivity,trapping mechanisms,and ***,there are a limited number of studies providing a preliminary assessment of CO_(2) injectivity potential in depleted gas reservoirs prior to a CO_(2) storage *** aim of this study is to provide a preliminary assessment of a gas field located in Malaysia for its storage potential based on subsurface characterization prior to *** of the reservoir interval based on the facies,cores,and wireline log data of a well located in the field indicated that the pore type and fabrics analysis is very beneficial to identify suitable locations for a successful storage *** the results obtained are promising,it is recommended to combine this preliminary assessment with the fluid-mineral interactions analysis before making any judgment about reliability of storage sites.

关键词： CO_(2)storage Injectivity Carbonate reservoir Lithofacies Petrophysics

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Triple-Polarized Multi-User Mimo-Idma system under Correlated Fading Channel

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Circuits and systems 2016年第8期7卷 1623-1634页

作者： B. Partibane V. nagarajan Department of ECE SSN College of Engineering Chennai India Department of ECE Adhiparasakthi Engineering College Melmaruvathur India

A multiple-input multiple-output interleave division multiple access (MIMO-IDMA) system with Triple Polarized Division Multiplexing (TPDM) is presented in this paper. The present methodology replaces three independent linearly polarized antennas with a single triple polarized antenna at both the transmitter and receiver. The users in the communication link are accommodated and separated using a user-specific interleaver combined with low rate spreading sequence. To eliminate the effects of multi-stream interference (MsI), minimum mean square error (MMsE) algorithm based on successive interference cancellation (sIC) Multi-user detection (MUD) technique is employed at the receiver. Furthermore, log-maximum a posteriori probability (MAPP) decoding algorithm is implemented at the mobile stations (Mss) to overcome the effects of multi-user interference (MUI) effects. The paper also evaluates the effects of coded MIMO-IDMA in the downlink communication by adopting the stanford University Interim (sUI) and Long-term Evolution (LTE)channel model specifications. In comparison with the traditional uncoded system, the present solution considering turbo coded triple-polarized MIMO-IDMA system with iterative decoding algorithm provides better bit error rate (BER) with reduced signal to noise ratio (sNR). The simulation results also show that though the sNR requirement is higher for the proposed technique compared to the conventional uni-polarized antenna based MIMO-IDMA system, it gives the advantages of achieving higher data rate with reduced cost and space requirements in the context of a downlink (DL).

关键词： Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Multi-User Interference (MUI) stanford University Interim (sUI) Channel Model Long Term Evolution (LTE) Channel Model

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Improvement of supplementary Irrigation Water Quality for Rain-Fed Agriculture in the semi-Arid Region Using Magnetization Techniques

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第12期10卷 1198-1209页

作者： Deepak Bornare Ramakrishna nagarajan Rajiv Barge Center of studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai India Department of Agriculture Engineering Maharashtra Institute of Technology Aurangabad India Eco Nutrivet Biosolutions Division Pune India

Rain-fed agriculture depends on the groundwater as a supplementary source of irrigation. The poor quality of water from the hard rock area is applied to the crops to save the crop. Continuous irrigation leads to degradation of soil, drip irrigation system as well plants. This study assessed the damages on the drip irrigation system and soil, inflicted by the use of low-quality irrigation water. The quality of water was improved with reference to raw water in terms of pH (1.57% - 5.88%), EC (3.08% - 10.08%), ions (0.96% - 46%) by using magnetization method, without disrupting the existing irrigation system in the basaltic aquifer in semi-arid to the arid condition. This was demonstrated before the farmers in central India.

关键词： supplementary Irrigation Low Water Quality Hard Rock Aquifer Dissolved salts semi-Arid Region Magnetization Method

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Influence of Modifiers on supercritical Fluid Chromatography (sFC) and supercritical Fluid Extraction (sFE), Part I

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International Journal of Analytical Mass spectrometry and Chromatography 2017年第2期5卷 17-39页

作者： Ilia Brondz Boris sedunov nagarajan sivaraman Norwegian Drug Control and Drug Discovery Institute (NDCDDI) As Ski Norway The Computer and Information systems Department of the Russian New University Moscow Russia Fuel Chemistry Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) Kalpakkam India

It is important to understand the mechanism and implications of different modifiers on analytical and preparative processes under chromatography with supercritical fluids (sFs) and under extraction with sFs. supercritical fluid chromatography (sFC) and supercritical fluid extraction are generally carried out with neat supercritical carbon dioxide (sCCO2) or with sCCO2 containing modifiers (or cosolvents), especially for strongly polar compounds. For example, methanol is added as a cosolvent/modifier to sCCO2 for the extraction/separation of polar compounds. This paper discusses the influence of the modifier on the colligative properties of the principal mobile phase, which may define the situation in the total mobile phase in a chromatography column or in parts of a column under sFC. No colligative behavior of solutions reflects individual properties of the solutes. Their cross-interactions with solvents are discussed.

关键词： supercritical Fluid (sF) supercritical Fluid Chromatography (sFC) supercritical Fluid Extraction (sFE) Modifiers Influence of Modifiers Colligative Properties Thermodynamics-Based Evaluation of Binary Mixtures Phase Equilibria

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