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Split-HaloTag imaging assay for sophisticated microscopy of protein–protein interactions in planta

Plant Communications 2021年第5期2卷 148-159页

作者： Rieke Minner-Meinen jan-Niklas weber Andreas Albrecht Rainer Matis Maria Behnecke Cindy Tietge Stefan Frank Jutta Schulze Henrik Buschmann Peter Jomo Walla Ralf-R.Mendel Robert Hänsch David Kaufholdt Institut für Pflanzenbiologie Technische Universität BraunschweigHumboldtstrasse 138106 BraunschweigGermany Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Technische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 30.023c38106 BraunschweigGermany Botany Department Universität OsnabrückBarbara Strasse 1149076 OsnabrückGermany Center of Molecular Ecophysiology(CMEP) College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityTiansheng Road No.2Beibei District400715 ChongqingP.R.China

An ever-increasing number of intracellular multi-protein networks have been identified in plant ***-GFP-based protein–protein interaction assays combine the advantages of in vivo interaction studies in a native environment with additional visualization of protein complex *** of their simple protocols,they have become some of the most frequently used ***,standard fluorescent proteins present several drawbacks for sophisticated *** the HaloTag system,these drawbacks can be overcome,as this reporter forms covalent irreversible bonds with synthetic photostable fluorescent *** can be used in adjustable concentrations and are suitable for advanced microscopy ***,we have established the Split-HaloTag imaging assay in plants,which is based on the reconstitution of a functional HaloTag protein upon protein–protein interaction and the subsequent covalent binding of an added fluorescent *** suitability and robustness were demonstrated using a well-characterized interaction as an example of protein–protein interaction at cellular structures:the anchoring of the molybdenumcofactor biosynthesis complex to filamentous *** addition,a specific interactionwas visualized in a more distinctivemannerwith subdiffractional polarizationmicroscopy,Airyscan,and structured illumination microscopy to provide examples of sophisticated ***-GFPand Split-HaloTag can complement one another,as Split-HaloTag represents an alternative option and an addition to the large toolbox of in vivo ***,this promising new Split-HaloTag imaging assay provides a unique and sensitive approach formore detailed characterization of protein–protein interactions using specific microscopy techniques,such as 3D imaging,single-molecule tracking,and super-resolution microscopy.

关键词： advanced microscopy cytoskeleton photostable fluorescent dyes gateway cloning molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis complex protein-protein interaction Split-HaloTag imaging assay

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Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: A narrative review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第5期23卷 441-448页

作者： Samuele Iesari Francesca Laura Nava Ilaria Elena Zais Laurent Coubeau Mariano Ferraresso Evaldo Favi jan Lerut General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico15 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique Universitécatholique de Louvain10 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc55 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universitàdegli Studi di Milano19 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly

Immunosuppression is essential to ensure recipient and graft survivals after liver transplantation(LT). However, our understanding and management of the immune system remain suboptimal. Current immunosuppressive therapy cannot selectively inhibit the graft-specific immune response and entails a significant risk of serious side effects, i.e., among others, de novo cancers, infections, cardiovascular events, renal failure, metabolic syndrome, and late graft fibrosis, with progressive loss of graft function. Pharmacological research, aimed to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents in LT, is behind other solidorgan transplantation subspecialties, and, therefore, the development of new compounds and strategies should get priority in LT. The research trajectories cover mechanisms to induce T-cell exhaustion, to inhibit co-stimulation, to mitigate non-antigen-specific inflammatory response, and, lastly, to minimize the development and action of donor-specific antibodies. Moreover, while cellular modulation techniques are complex, active research is underway to foster the action of T-regulatory cells, to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells, and to promote the function of B-regulatory cells. We herein discuss current lines of research in clinical immunosuppression, particularly focusing on possible applications in the LT setting.

关键词： Liver transplantation Immunosuppression Drug development Long-term results Clinical operational tolerance

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Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 202-210页

作者： Monika Homolkova Petr Musil Diego Pavon-Jordan Dorota Gajdosova Zuzana Musilova Sarka Neuzilova jan Zouhar Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 129CZ-16521Prague–SuchdolCzech Republic Department of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA)PO Box 5685 TorgardenTrondheimN-7485Norway Department of Econometrics Faculty of Informatics and StatisticsUniversity of Economicsnam.W.Churchilla 4CZ-13067Prague 3Czech Republic

Despite all efforts,long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear;this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations,which are often under the scrutiny of researchers lacking convenient results for the active protection of endangered *** with male-bias populations are usually strongly affected by a decline in population size that leads to a higher extinction *** this study,we examined our long-term data of the abundance of breeding populations in six duck species(Mallard Anas platyrhynchos,Gadwall Mareca strepera,Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina,Common Pochard Aythya ferina,Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula,and Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula)from fishponds in South Bohemia,Czechia,between 2004 and *** evidence was used to assess long-term changes in the adult sex ratio in these breeding populations and investigate the possible effects of the NAO index(North Atlantic Oscillation index)on them,indicating climate conditions in *** determined a long-term decrease of the proportion of females in the breeding season in two of the six examined species:Common Pochard and Red-crested Pochard,which is driven by the long-term increase in the number of males in contrast to the decreasing or stable number of females likely caused by different migration behaviours between females and *** the case of Common Pochard,in breeding populations,we estimated 60-65%of males in the early 2000s rising to 75-80%in the early ***,we establish no significant effects linked to climate conditions of the previous winter in these species as a crucial cause of the changes of the proportion of females in the breeding population.

关键词： Adult sex ratio Breeding population Population dynamics Red-listed species Waterfowl Winter weather conditions

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Quantum Chromodynamics on Lattice: Direct Minimization of QCD-QED-Action with New Results

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 228-256页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany

This paper describes a new numerical QCD calculation method (direct minimization of QCD-QED-action) and its results for the first-generation (u, d) hadrons. Here we start with the standard color-Lagrangian LQCD = LDirac + Lgluon, model the quarks qi as parameterized gaussians, and the gluons Agi as Ritz-Galerkin-series. We minimize the Lagrangian numerically with parameters par = (par (q), {αk}, par (Ag)) for first-generation hadrons (nucleons, pseudo-scalar mesons, vector mesons). The resulting parameters yield the correct masses and correct magnetic moments for the nucleons, the gluon-distribution and the quark-distribution with interesting insights into the hadron structure.

关键词： QCD QED QCD On-Lattice Color Lagrangian Hadrons

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Calculation of the Standard Model Parameters and Particles Based on a SU(4) Preon Model

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第1期15卷 64-124页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University Berlin Germany

This paper describes an extension and a new foundation of the Standard Model of particle physics based on a SU(4)-force called hyper-color, and on preon subparticles. The hyper-color force is a generalization of the SU(2)-based weak interaction and the SU(1)-based right-chiral self-interaction, in which the W-and the Z-bosons are Yukawa residual-field-carriers of the hyper-color force, in the same sense as the pions are the residual-field-carriers of the color SU(3) interaction. Using the method of numerical minimization of the SU(4)-action based on this model, the masses and the inner structure of leptons, quarks and weak bosons are calculated: the mass results are very close to the experimental values. We calculate also precisely the value of the Cabibbo angle, so the mixing matrices of the Standard model, CKM matrix for quarks and PMNS matrix for neutrinos can also be calculated. In total, we reduce the 29 parameters of the Standard Model to a total of 7 parameters.

关键词： SU(4) Generalization of Weak Interaction Extension of Standard Model Numerical Minimization of Action Hyper-Color Preon

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Calculation of Particle Decay Times in the Standard Model

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 271-321页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University Berlin Germany

We present here a two-step method of classification and calculation for decay rates in the Standard Model. The first step is a phenomenological classification method, which is an extended and improved schematic experimental formula for decay width originally introduced by Chang. This schematic formula separates decays into seven classes. Furthermore, from it is derived a process-specific interaction energy mX. The second step is a numerical calculation method, which calculates this interaction energy mX numerically by minimization of action from the Lagrangian of the process, from which follows the decay width via the phenomenological formula. The Lagrangian is based on an extension of the Standard Model, the extended SU(4)-preon-model. A comparison of numerically calculated and observed decay widths for a large selection of decays shows a good agreement.

关键词： Particle Decay Decay Width Interaction Energy Minimization of Action Ex-tension of Standard Model

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Origin and Basic Mechanism of Life

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第3期14卷 265-329页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany

This paper presents in a concise way the main characteristics of life from the physical point of view and the most successful theories of biogenesis, together with a mathematical formulation and simulation of proto-biogenesis. We present here a calculation method for biochemical reactions based on the available reaction data base, and using this method, we calculate precise scenarios for the first life cycle, and for the first stages of terrestrial biological evolution.

关键词： Proto-Life-Cycle Prebiotic Evolution PNA World Genetic Proto-Code LUCA

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Ashtekar-Kodama Gravity as a Classical and Quantum Extension of Loop Quantum Gravity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第6期15卷 864-937页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodama formulation of loop quantum gravity (LQG), yields in the limit the Einstein equations, and in the quantum regime a full renormalizable quantum gauge field theory. The three fundamental constraints (hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism) were formulated in 3-dimensional spatial form within LQG in Ashtekar formulation using the notion of the Kodama state with positive cosmological constant Λ. We introduce a 4-dimensional covariant version of the 3-dimensional (spatial) hamiltonian, gaussian and diffeomorphism constraints of LQG. We obtain 32 partial differential equations for the 16 variables Emn (E-tensor, inverse densitized tetrad of the metric) and 16 variables Amn (A-tensor, gravitational wave tensor). We impose the boundary condition: for large distance the E-generated metric g(E) becomes the GR-metric g (normally Schwarzschild-spacetime). The theory based on these Ashtekar-Kodama (AK) equations, and called in the following Ashtekar-Kodama (AK-) gravity has the following properties. • For Λ = 0 the AK equations become Einstein equations, A-tensor is trivial (constant), and the E-generated metric g(E) is identical with the GR-metric g. • When the AK-equations are developed into a Λ-power series, the Λ-term yields a gravitational wave equation, which has only at least quadrupole wave solutions and becomes in the limit of large distance r the (normal electromagnetic) wave equation. • AK-gravity, as opposed to GR, has no singularity at the horizon: the singularity in the metric becomes a (very high) peak. • AK-gravity has a limit scale of the gravitational quantum region 39 μm, which emerges as the limit scale in the objective wave collapse theory of Gherardi-Rimini-weber. In the quantum region, the AK-gravity becomes a quantum gauge theory (AK quantum gravity) with the Lie group extended SU(2) = ε-tensor-group(four gen

关键词： Quantum Gravity Loop Quantum Gravity General Relativity Gravitational Wave Gauge Field Theory Graviton Hamiltonian Constraint Gaussian Constraint Diffeomorphism Constraint

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A New Version of the Lambda-CDM Cosmological Model, with Extensions and New Calculations

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第2期15卷 193-238页

作者： jan Helm Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University Berlin Berlin Germany

This article gives a state-of-the-art description of the cosmological Lambda-CDM model and in addition, presents extensions of the model with new calculations of background and CMB functions. Chapters 1-4 describe the background part of the model, i.e. the evolution of scale factor and density according to the Friedmann equations, and its extension, which results in a correction of the Hubble parameter, in agreement with new measurements (Cepheids-SNIa and Red-Giants). Based on this improved background calculation presented in chapters 5-9 the perturbation part of the model, i.e. the evolution of perturbation and structure according to the perturbed Einstein equations and continuity-Euler equations, and the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is calculated with a new own code.

关键词： Lambda-DCM Friedmann Equations CMB Metric Perturbation Hubble Parameter

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Complex ammonium oxidation demands visualized resolution

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2478-2482页

作者： Zhihao Chen Yonghong Wu jan Dolfing Shunyao Zhuang Baozhan Wang Dan Li Shan Huang Bruce E.Rittmann State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of ChinaYichang 443605China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China d College of Nanjing University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China Faculty of Energy and Environment Northumbria UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE18QHUK Department of Microbiology College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityKey Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental MicrobiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210095China College of Urban Construction Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08540USA Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ 85287-5701USA

The nitrogen cycle plays a vital role in sustaining productive and healthy ecosystems,with the microbial nitrogen cycle being a focal point in agriculture and eco-environmental *** these microbially mediated processes is ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))oxidation,the gatekeeper of the nitrogen *** understanding of ammonium oxidation is continuously evolving,thanks to recent research breakthroughs like comammox,Feammox,and dirammox[1-6].The increasing complexity of ammonium oxidation necessitates more precise and well-focused research tools beyond those commonly used today.

关键词： ammonium breakthrough precise

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