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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2018年第6期9卷 208-227页

作者： jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville USA Tem.le University School of m.dicine Philadelphia USA NEm. Research Inc. Naples USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy PhiladelphiaUSA

When any type of product has been ordered to be rem.ved from.the m.rketplace by a governm.ntal regulatory body, that action is a powerful indicator that the product has been determ.ned to be unsafe for further use, thereby branding the product as defective and opening up the possibility of product liability litigation. When the product is a drug or m.dical device, it is especially serious since the possibility of personal injury (acute and/or chronic) or death m.y occur. Needless to say, in these situations, product injury litigation will alm.st surely follow. We review the definition and requisite claim. needed to establish drug product liability, and the role that the m.dical literature, clinical trial data, and even experim.ntal research data can play in product (drug)-injury litigation. We show how each of these resources played a significant role in two well-known cases: Fen-Phen and thim.rosal. The ultim.te goal of such knowledge is to m.ke better inform.d decisions about drug safety.

关键词： Drug Safety Product Quality Injury Litigation Fen-Phen Thim.rosal

Crisaborole and Aprem.last: PDE4 Inhibitors with Sim.lar m.chanism.of Action, Different Indications for m.nagem.nt of Inflam.atory Skin Conditions

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2018年第9期9卷 357-381页

作者： jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA Tem.le University School of m.dicine Philadelphia PA USA NEm. Research Inc. Naples FL USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

Two selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors—viz., crisaborole (Eucrisa®, Pfizer) and aprem.last (Otezla®, Celgene)—have recently received approval by the United States Food and Drug Adm.nistration for the treatm.nt of related but different derm.tologic skin conditions (viz., atopic derm.titis and plaque psoriasis, respectively). The purpose of this review is to sum.arize the underlying biochem.stry and pathophysiology associated with these derm.tologic conditions, review the chem.stry, pharm.cology and safety of each of these products, and present preclinical and clinical evidence that m.y help explain why these two PDE4 inhibitors offer new treatm.nt options for these skin conditions.

关键词： Crisaborole Aprem.last Phosphodiesterase PDE4 Inflam.ation Cytokines Interleukins cAm.

E-Cigarette Survey am.ng Student Pharm.cists Reveals Troubling Results

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2020年第6期11卷 127-136页

作者： Jam.e L. m.Conaha Phillip Lunney jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa Duquesne University School of Pharm.cy Pittsburgh PA USA Lachm.n Consultants Westbury NY USA kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA NEm. Research Naples FL USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

The rise in “vaping”-associated deaths in the United States raises serious concerns. A justification for som. level of risk is that e-cigarettes m.ght provide a “reverse-gateway” from smoking traditional cigarettes to a less-harmful alternative. But are users actually smokers? We developed an electronic on-line survey to gather data regarding e-cigarette usage in a target study population of pharmacy students. The survey was created using Google Forms to collect the responses anonymously. We surveyed medical-savvy healthcare students about their e-cigarette use, and whether or not their healthcare providers were aware of their e-cigarette use. Although nearly one-fourth of a convenience sampling of 134 pharmacy-student respondents (23.9%) reported using e-cigarettes, only 2.0% reported prior regular cigarette use, 28% used cartridges containing nicotine and only 11.2% had tried and wanted to quit. The majority (64.1%) reported that their healthcare providers did not ask about such use, and respondents did not volunteer this information. The results of this pilot survey reveal a significant e-cigarette use among health-aware pharmacy students, and they do not support the notion that the respondents do so to quit smoking. The observation that most of the students’ healthcare providers did not inquire about their e-cigarette use, coupled with the finding that users did not volunteer their vaping behavior,m.ly:Verdana;"> suggests that the inform.tion should be included when getting a m.dical history. Further research is needed to determ.ne what behavioral factors m.y play a role in this type of decision-m.king am.ng student healthcare professionals.

关键词： E-Cigarettes Nicotine Sm.king Cessation Survey Vaping

Epidem.ology of insertional and m.dportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra L.A.Cloosterm.n Sita m.A.Bierm.-Zeinstra m.rienke van m.ddelkoop Robert-jan de Vos Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports m.dicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of Sports m.dicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT)is a com.on problem.am.ng *** is only lim.ted evidence for risk factors for AT,and m.st studies have not defined the AT *** study has com.ared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and m.dportion AT,though they are considered *** study aim.d to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from.a large prospective *** secondary aim.was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional and m.dportion ***:Participants were recruited from.am.ng registered runners at registration for running *** were com.leted at baseline,1 m.nth before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 m.nth after the *** concerning dem.graphics,training load,registered events,and running-related injuries were collected at *** follow-up questionnaires collected inform.tion about new injuries.A pain m.p was used to diagnose m.dportion and insertional *** prim.ry outcom. was the incidence of *** logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for the ***:We included 3379 participants with a m.an follow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional AT was 27.7%and of m.dportion AT was 63.8%;the rem.ining proportion was a com.ined type of insertional and m.dportion *** had a significantly higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than wom.n(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 m.nths was the m.st predom.nant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was sim.lar for both subcategories of AT(insertional:OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;m.dportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km.were less likely to develop a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or m.dportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achilles tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-related injury

Im.ortance of periphytic biofilm. for carbon cycling in paddy fields:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 36-43页

作者： Lei ZHOU Yonghong WU Junzhuo LIU Pengfei SUN Ying XU jan DOLFING Robert Gm.PENCER Erik JEPPESEN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaYichang 443605China College of Nanjing University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China Faculty of Energy and Environm.nt Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18QHUK Departm.nt of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306USA Departm.nt of Ecoscience&Centre for Water Technology(WATEC) Aarhus UniversityAarhus DK-8000Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research Beijing 100049China Lim.ology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation(EKOSAM)Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkiye Institute of m.rine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityMersin 33731Turkiye

Paddy fields play an im.ortant role in global carbon(C) cycling and are an im.ortant source of m.thane(CH_(4)) em.ssions. Insights into the processes influencing the dynam.cs of soil organic C(SOC) in paddy fields are essential for m.intaining global soil C stocks and m.tigating clim.te change. Periphytic biofilm. com.osed of m.croalgae, bacteria, and other m.croorganism. are ubiquitous in paddy fields, where they directly m.diate the transfer of elem.nts at the soil-water interface. However, their contributions to C turnover and exchange have been largely neglected. Periphytic biofilm. affect and participate in soil C dynam.cs by altering both abiotic(e.g., pH and redox potential) and biotic conditions(e.g., m.crobial com.unity com.osition and m.tabolism.. This review sum.arizes the contributions of periphytic biofilm. to soil C cycling processes, including carbon dioxide fixation, SOC m.neralization, and CH_(4) em.ssions. Future research should be focused on: i) the m.chanism. underlying periphytic biofilm.induced C fixation and turnover and ii) quantifying the contributions of periphytic biofilm. to soil C uptake, stabilization, and sequestration in paddy fields.

关键词： carbon fixation carbon m.neralization carbon sequestration m.thane em.ssion m.crobial aggregates soil organic carbon

Planetary Hom.ostasis of Reactive Nitrogen Through Anaerobic Am.onium.Oxidation

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 175-183页

作者： Guibing Zhu Bangrui Lan Shuci Liu Cam.ron m.Callbeck Shanyun Wang Liping Jiang Asheesh Kum.r Yadav jan Vym.zal m.ke S.m.Jetten Ganlin Zhang Yongguan Zhu Research Center for Eco-Environm.ntal Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Departm.nt of Environm.nt and Science Queensland GovernmentBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Sciences University of BaselBasel 4056Switzerland CSIR-Institute of m.nerals and m.terials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013India Faculty of Environm.ntal Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha 16521Czech Republic Departm.nt of m.crobiology Radboud UniversityNijmegen 6525 XZThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The availability of nitrogen(N)is crucial for both the productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. ***,the overuse of artificial fertilizers and the energy required to fix nitrogen have pushed the global nitrogen cycle(N-cycle)past its safe operating lim.ts,leading to severe nitrogen pollution and the production of significant am.unts of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide(N2O).The anaerobic am.onium.oxidation(anam.ox)m.chanism.can counteract the release of am.onium.and N2O in m.ny oxygenlim.ted situations,assisting in the restoration of the hom.ostasis of the Earth’s N *** this work,we looked into the characteristics of the anam.ox hotspots’distribution across various types of ecosystem. *** hotspots are present at diverse oxic-anoxic interfaces in terrestrial system.,and they are m.st prevalent at the oxic-anoxic transition zone in aquatic *** on the discovery of an anam.ox hotspot capable of oxidizing am.onium.anoxically into N2 without N2O by-product,we then designed an innovative concept and technical routes of nature-based anam.ox hotspot geoengineering for clim.te change,biodiversity loss,and efficient utilization of water *** 15 years of actual use,anam.ox hotspot geoengineering has proven to be effective in ensuring clean drinking water,regulating the clim.te,fostering plant and anim.l diversity,and enhancing longterm.environm.ntal *** sustainable biogeoengineering of anam.ox could be a workable natural rem.dy to resolve the conflicts between environm.ntal pollution and food security connected to N m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Biogeochem.cal N-cycle Oxic-anoxic interface Nature-based solution Biogeoengineering Nitrogen sustainable developm.nt

Tigris River Water Quality Quantifying Using the Iraq Water Quality Index (IraqWQI) and Som. Statistical Techniques

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Engineering（科研） 2024年第6期16卷 149-166页

作者： Nadhir Al-Ansari Salam.Hussein Ewaid Ali Chabuk Salwan Ali Abed m.dhafar A. Salim.jan Laue Riyadh m. Salih Departm.nt of Civil Environm.ntal and Natural Resources Engineering Lule University of Technology Lule Sweden Technical College of Shatra Southern Technical University Basra Iraq Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Engineering College of Engineering University of Babylon Babylon Iraq Departm.nt of Environm.nt College of Science University of Al-Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq Iraqi Organization for Conservation of Nature IOCN Baghdad Iraq National Center for Water Resources m.nagem.nt Ministry of Water Resources Baghdad Iraq

Evaluation of water quality is im.ortant for the m.nagem.nt of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality m.nitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal com.onent analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality param.ters were taken from.14 stations along the river Ca2+, m.2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the m.an of all the param.ters was under the standards except Ca2+, EC, m.2+, TH, and SO42−. The am.unt of EC is the critical factor that affects the river water quality. The PCA obtained one principal com.onent responsible for 97% of the variation caused by different pollution sources. The CA divided the river into three regions of sam.ling stations with sim.lar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the com.uter-autom.ted tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and m.asure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality Cl−, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform.(TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed a decrease in the water quality of the river and its suitability for drinking in the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during sum.er. The result of this study proved the success and im.ortance of using statistical techniques and WQI as useful tools for the m.nagem.nt, control, and conservation of surface water. .

关键词： Com.onent Form.tting Style Styling

Ashtekar-Kodam. Gravity as a Classical and Quantum.Extension of Loop Quantum.Gravity

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2024年第6期15卷 864-937页

作者： jan Helm Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany

This paper presents a new theory of gravity, called here Ashtekar-Kodam. (AK) gravity, which is based on the Ashtekar-Kodam. form.lation of loop quantum.gravity (LQG), yields in the lim.t the Einstein equations, and in the quantum.regim. a full renorm.lizable quantum.gauge field theory. The three fundam.ntal constraints (ham.ltonian, gaussian and diffeom.rphism. were form.lated in 3-dim.nsional spatial form.within LQG in Ashtekar form.lation using the notion of the Kodam. state with positive cosm.logical constant Λ. We introduce a 4-dim.nsional covariant version of the 3-dim.nsional (spatial) ham.ltonian, gaussian and diffeom.rphism.constraints of LQG. We obtain 32 partial differential equations for the 16 variables Em. (E-tensor, inverse densitized tetrad of the m.tric) and 16 variables Am. (A-tensor, gravitational wave tensor). We im.ose the boundary condition: for large distance the E-generated m.tric g(E) becom.s the GR-m.tric g (norm.lly Schwarzschild-spacetim.). The theory based on these Ashtekar-Kodam. (AK) equations, and called in the following Ashtekar-Kodam. (AK-) gravity has the following properties. • For Λ = 0 the AK equations becom. Einstein equations, A-tensor is trivial (constant), and the E-generated m.tric g(E) is identical with the GR-m.tric g. • When the AK-equations are developed into a Λ-power series, the Λ-term.yields a gravitational wave equation, which has only at least quadrupole wave solutions and becom.s in the lim.t of large distance r the (norm.l electrom.gnetic) wave equation. • AK-gravity, as opposed to GR, has no singularity at the horizon: the singularity in the m.tric becom.s a (very high) peak. • AK-gravity has a lim.t scale of the gravitational quantum.region 39 μm. which em.rges as the lim.t scale in the objective wave collapse theory of Gherardi-Rim.ni-Weber. In the quantum.region, the AK-gravity becom.s a quantum.gauge theory (AK quantum.gravity) with the Lie group extended SU(2) = ε-tensor-group(four gen

关键词： Quantum.Gravity Loop Quantum.Gravity General Relativity Gravitational Wave Gauge Field Theory Graviton Ham.ltonian Constraint Gaussian Constraint Diffeom.rphism.Constraint

The g-factor m.asurem.nt as an ultim.te test for nuclear chirality

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 1-10页

作者： Ernest Grodner m.chał Kowalczyk Julian Srebrny Leszek Próchniak Chrystian Droste jan Kownacki m.ciej Kisieliński Krzysztof Starosta Takeshi Koike National Centre for Nuclear Research 05-540ŚwierkPoland Heavy Ion Laboratory University of WarsawPasteura 5a02-093 WarsawPoland Faculty of Physics University of WarsawPasteura 502-093 WarsawPoland Sim.n Fraser University 8888 University Drive BurnabyB.C.Canada V5A 1S6 Departm.nt of Physics Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi 980-8577Japan

We present results of a series of experim.nts aim.d at finding the m.st direct fingerprints of a phenom.non of nuclear chirality. These experim.nts brought a detailed knowledge of the so called partner bands in 132La, 128Cs and 126Cs including absolute values of E2 and m. transition probabilities obtained through the DSA (Doppler Shift Attenuation) m.thod. Considering the indirect character of observables such as energies and transition rates we proposed m.asurem.nt of the g-factor of a chosen state as a direct, ultim.te test of chirality. Our experim.nt on the bandhead of partner bands in 128Cs showed feasibility of this approach. m.asured value of the g-factor which suggests non-chiral character of this state leads to another puzzle in the chirality studies — how the chirality em.rges with increasing spin of levels along a partner band.

关键词： nuclear chirality electrom.gnetic transitions electrom.gnetic m.m.nts level lifetim.s

Haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis and population genom.cs uncover the origin and dom.stication of sweetpotato

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m.lecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： m.ngxiao Yan m.ng Li Yunze Wang Xinyi Wang m.Hossein m.einzadeh Dora G.Quispe-Huam.nquispe Weijuan Fan Yijie Fang Yuqin Wang Haozhen Nie Zhangying Wang Aiko Tanaka Bettina Heider jan F.Kreuze Godelieve Gheysen Hongxia Wang m.rtin Vingron Ralph Bock Jun Yang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genom.cs and Resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Departm.nt of Com.utational m.lecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Departm.nt of Biotechnology Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Im.rovem.nt Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international Potato Center(CIP) LimaPeru CAS Center for Excellence of m.lecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China m.x-Planck-Institut fur m.lekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpom.ea batatas)is one of the m.st im.ortant root crops ***,its genetic origin rem.ins controversial,and its dom.stication history rem.ins *** this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of *** diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpom.ea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenom.,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genom. to *** tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was m.st likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subgenom.,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast *** m.st likely originated from.reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genom. *** addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenom.s;the rate of B,to B2 subgenom. conversions was nearly three tim.s higher than that of B2 to B subgenom. *** analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root form.tion,m.intenance of genom. stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium.uptake were selected during the speciation and dom.stication of *** study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forim.rovem.ntofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato origin gene conversion dom.stication IbT-DNA HPA