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Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 170-179页

作者： Tosan Okoro Michael Wan Takura Darlington Mukabeta Ella Malev Marketa Gross Claudia Williams Muhammad Manjra jan herman kuiper John Murnaghan Department of Arthroplasty Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation TrustOswestry SY107AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST55BGUnited Kingdom St Joseph’s health Centre Unity Health TorontoToronto M6R 1B5Canada Department of Arthroplasty The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E11BBUnited Kingdom Department of Arthroplasty Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic and Arthritis CentreToronto M4Y 1H1Canada Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshire ST51BGUnited Kingdom

BACkGrOUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic *** aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are *** antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic *** To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METhODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(ThA)/total knee arthroplasty(TkA)with the old regime(Or)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(Nr)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patientskg;cefazolin 3g IV for patients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 *** primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years *** A total of n=1273 operations(ThA n=534,TkA n=739)were performed in n=1264 *** was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(Or 0.74%(5/675)vs Nr 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(Or 2.07%(14/675)vs Nr 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years *** propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[rr 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on S

关键词： Antibiotics Weight-adjusted hip and knee arthroplasty Surgical site infection

A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge haotian Zheng Jia Xing Lei Duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming hao State key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State key Laboratory of Pollution Control &resource reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University State Environmental Protection key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p h, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. however, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

Diagnostic yield of small bowel capsule endoscopy depends on the small bowel transit time

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第13期18卷 1502-1507页

作者： Jessie Westerhof jan J koornstra reinier A hoedemaker Wim J Sluiter jan h k.eibeuk.r rinse k Weersma Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenPO Box 300019700 RBGroningenThe Netherlands

AIM： To investigate whether the small bowel transit time （SBTT） influences the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy （CE）. METhODS： Six hundred and ninety-one consecutive CE procedures collected in a database were analyzed. SBTT and CE findings were recorded. A running mean for the SBl-I- was calculated and correlated to the diagnostic yield with a Spearman＇s correlation test. Subgroup anal- yses were performed for the various indications for the procedure. rESULTS： There was a positive correlation between the diagnostic yield and SBT1- （Spearman＇s rho 0.58, P 〈 0.01）. Positive correlations between diagnostic yield and SB-FI-were found for the indication obscure gastro- intestinal bleeding （r = 0.54, P 〈 0.01）, for polyposis and carcinoid combined （r = 0.56, P 〈 0.01） and for the other indications （r = 0.90, P 〈0.01）, but not for suspected Crohn＇s disease （r = -0.40） CONCLUSION： The diagnostic yield in small bowel capsule endoscopy is positively correlated with the small bowel transit time. This is true for all indications except for suspected Crohn＇s disease.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Small bowel transit time Diagnostic yield

haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis and population genomics uncover the origin and domestication of sweetpotato

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 277-296页

作者： Mengxiao Yan Ming Li Yunze Wang Xinyi Wang M-hossein Moeinzadeh Dora G.Quispe-huamanquispe Weijuan Fan Yijie Fang Yuqin Wang haozhen Nie Zhangying Wang Aiko Tanaka Bettina heider jan F.kreuze Godelieve Gheysen hongxia Wang Martin Vingron ralph Bock Jun Yang Shanghai key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and resources Shanghai Chenshan Botanical GardenShanghai 201602China College of Life Sciences Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610061China College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Department of Computational Molecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Molecular GeneticsIhnestraBe 63-7314195 BerlinGermany Department of Biotechnology Ghent University9000 GhentBelgium Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement Crop Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya UniversityChikusaNagoya 464-8601Japan international Potato Center(CIP) LimaPeru CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200233China Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany

The hexaploid sweetpotato(lpomoea batatas)is one of the most important root crops ***,its genetic origin remains controversial,and its domestication history remains *** this study,we used a range of genetic evidence and a newly developed haplotype-based phylogenetic analysis to identify two probable progenitors of *** diploid progenitor was likely closely related to lpomoea ae-quatoriensis and contributed the B,subgenome,IbT-DNA2,and the lineage 1 type of chloroplast genome to *** tetraploid progenitor of sweetpotato was most likely *** 4x,which donated the B2 subgenome,IbT-DNA1,and the lineage 2 type of chloroplast *** most likely originated from reciprocal crosses between the diploid and tetraploid progenitors,followed by a subsequent whole-genome *** addition,we detected biased gene exchanges between the subgenomes;the rate of B,to B2 subgenome conversions was nearly three times higher than that of B2 to B subgenome *** analyses revealed that genes involved in storage root formation,maintenance of genome stabil-ity,biotic resistance,sugar transport,and potassium uptake were selected during the speciation and domestication of *** study sheds light on the evolution of sweetpotato and paves the way forimprovementofthiscrop.

关键词： sweetpotato origin gene conversion domestication IbT-DNA hPA

On p-convergent Operators on Banach Lattices

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2018年第5期34卷 873-890页

作者： Elroy D.ZEEkOEI jan h.FOUrIE Unit for Business Mathematics and Informatics North-West University (NWU)

The notion of a p-convergent operator on a Banach space was originally introduced in 1993 by Castillo and SAnehez in the paper entitled ＂Dunford-Pettis-like properties of continuous vector function spaces＂. In the present paper we consider the p-convergent operators on Banach lattices, prove some domination properties of the same and consider their applications （together with the notion of a weak p-convergent operator, which we introduce in the present paper） to a study of the Schur property of order p. Also, the notion of a disjoint p-convergent operator on Banach lattices is introduced, studied and its applications to a study of the positive Schur property of order p are considered.

关键词： p-convergent operator disjoint p-convergent operator weak p-convergent operator Schur property of order p positive Schur property of order p

Formation of precipitates and recrystallization resistance in Al-Sc-Zr alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2012年第8期22卷 1866-1871页

作者：贾志宏 Jostein rφYSET jan ketil SOLBErG 刘庆重庆大学材料科学与工程学院重庆400044 Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491TrondheimNorway hydro Aluminium research and Technology Development NO-6600SunndalsφraNorway

Al-x%Sc-0.11%Zr alloys （x=0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.11, 0.15） were produced by a chill cast procedure. The effect of Sc content on the precipitation of Al3（Sc,Zr） during heat treatment at 475 °C for 12 h was studied. Nucleation, precipitation and distribution of Al3（Sc,Zr） precipitates were found to be strongly related to the Sc content. With increasing the Sc content, the average radius of the precipitates decreases, while the number density of the precipitates increases, as investigated by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The distribution of the precipitates becomes more and more homogeneous when the Sc content is increased. The recrystallization resistance of samples that was 90% cold rolled and isothermal annealed for half an hour in the temperature range of 200-600 °C was investigated. The results show that the recrystallization temperature varies from 250 °C for the alloy without Sc to about 600 °C for the alloy containing 0.15% Sc because of the high density of Al3（Sc,Zr） precipitates.

关键词： aluminium alloy precipitate recrystallization resistance

Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active radiation(PAr)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature reserve,China

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2010年第4期13卷 235-242页

作者： WU Guofeng jan de Leeuw Andrew k. Skidmore LIU Yaolin herbert h. T. Prins School of resource and Environmental Science Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China key Laboratory of Geographic Information System of the Ministry of Education Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China International Livestock research Institute (ILrI) P. O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Department of Natural resources International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation P. O. Box 6 Hengelosestraat 99 7500 AA Enschede the Netherlands resource Ecology Group Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3A 6708 PB Wageningen the Netherlands

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation （PAr）, which are indispensable for simulating plant growth and productivity, are generally very scarce. This study aimed to compare two extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAr reaching the earth surface within the Poyang Lake national nature reserve, China. The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake were obtained to achieve the objective. Two extrapolation methods of PArs using recorded and estimated global solar radiation at Nanchang station and three stations （Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang） near the nature reserve were carried out, respectively, and a spatial interpolation method combining triangulated irregular network （TIN） and inverse distance weighting （IDW） was imple- mented to estimate daily PAr. The performance evaluation of the three methods using the PArs measured at Dahuchi Conservation Station （day number of measurement = 105 days） revealed that：（1） the spatial interpolation method achieved the best PAr estima- tion （r2 - 0.89, s.c. = 0.99, F= 830.02, P 〈 0.001 ）; （2） the extrapolation method from Nanchang station obtained an unbiased result （r2 = 0.88, s.c. = 0.99, F = 745.29, P 〈 0.001）; however, （3） the extrapolation methods from Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang stations were not suitable for this specific site for their biased estimations. Considering the assumptions and principles supporting the extrapolation and interpolation methods, the authors conclude that the spatial interpolation method produces more reliable results than the extrapolation methods and holds the greatest potential in all tested methods, and more PAr measurements should be recorded to evaluate the seasonal, yearly and spatial stabilities of these models for their application to the whole nature reserve of Poyang Lake.

关键词： photosynthetically active radiation (PAr) extrapolation interpolation triangulated irregular network (TIN) inverse distance weighting (IDW)

The role of zonal flows in reactive fluid closures

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第7期20卷 41-49页

作者： jan weiland Chalmers University of Technology and EUrATOM-Vr Association SE-41296 GothenburgSweden

We will give an overview of results obtained by our reactive fluid model. It is characterised as a fluid model where all moments with sources in the experiment are kept. Furthermore, full account is taken for the highest moments appearing in unexpanded denominators also including full toroidicity. It has been demonstrated that the strength of zonal flows is dramatically larger in reactive fluid closures than in those which involve dissipation. This gives a direct connection between the fluid closure and the level of excitation of turbulence. This is because zonal flows are needed to absorb the inverse cascade in quasi 2D turbulence. This also explains the similarity in structure of the transport coefficients in our model with a reactive closure in the energy equation and models which have a reactive closure because of zero ion temperature such as the hasegawa-Wakatani model. Our exact reactive closure unifies several well-known features of tokamak experiments such as the L-h transition, internal transport barriers and the nonlinear Dimits upshift of the critical gradient for onset of transport. It also gives transport of the same level as that in nonlinear gyrokinetic codes. Since these include the kinetic resonance this confirms the validity of the thermodynamic properties of our model. Furthermore, we can show that while a strongly nonlinear model is needed in kinetic theory a quasilinear model is sufficient in the fluid description. Thus our quasilinear fluid model will be adequate for treating all relevant problems in bulk transport. This is finally confirmed by the reproduction by the model of the experimental power scaling of the confinement time Te ~ P-2/3. This confirms the validity of our reactive fluid model. This also gives credibility to our ITEr simulations including the h-mode barrier. A new result is here, that alpha heating strongly reduces the slope of the h-mode barrier. This should significantly reduce the effects of ELM＇s.

关键词： turbulent transport improved mixing length estimates zonal flows toroidicity

Influence of replacement of wheat flour by rice flour on rheo-structural changes, in vitro starch digestibility and consumer acceptability of low-gluten pretzels

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 95-106页

作者： Nusrat jan h.r.Naik Gousia Gani Omar Bashir Tawheed Amin Sajad Mohd Wani Shakeel Ahmad Sofi Division of Food Science and Technology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagarJammu and Kashmir190025India Department of Management Studies Central University of Kashmir(J&K)IndiaGreen CampusGanderbalIndia

This study aimed to access the influence of rice flour incorporation on various quality attributes of low-gluten wheat-based pretzels viz., functional, rheological, starch digestibility, color, textural and sensorial properties. Significant increase in swelling power (18.33 ± 0.51) and bulk density (0.58 ± 0.04) was observed in flour blend upon incorporation of rice flour, whereas, significant decrease in oil absorption capacity (0.62 ± 0.09), solubility index (6.72 ± 0.17), foaming capacity (9.67 ± 0.34), and foaming stability (3.39 ± 0.15) was recorded. Pasting properties of samples were studied using a rapid Visco Analyser which indicated that all the pasting properties increased with an increase in rice flour incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies revealed no difference in the basic functional groups of flour blend upon the incorporation of rice flour, however, it had a pronounced effect on elastic modulus (G′) of flour blend. In vitro starch digestion characteristics revealed 7.23% surge in slowly digestible starch and 13.36% reduction in rapidly digestible starch of developed low-gluten pretzels upon the incorporation of rice flour. Apparent amylose content (27.3 ± 1.45) and resistant starch content (6.12 ± 0.97) increased and starch digestibility index (69.87 ± 1.72) decreased in developed low-gluten pretzels. In conclusion, the developed low-gluten pretzels had significantly (p higher mineral profile and lightness (L*) and lower breaking strength in addition to having better overall acceptability. This study indicated that substituting wheat flour with rice flour up to a level of 35% affected the quality attributes of developed low-gluten pretzels.

关键词： rice flour Wheat flour Low-gluten pretzels In vitro starch digestion Overall acceptability