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Obese Foveal Avascular Zone Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Retina: Is There a Relation to Comorbities?

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第2期11卷 176-190页

作者： jamilla viana silva asfora Márcio Bittar Nehemy Diego Nery Benevides Gadelha Carlos Teixeira Brandt Medical School UNIFACISA Campina Grande Paraíba Brazil Ophthalmology Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Purpose: To investigate the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in obese by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to evaluate the findings of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their relations with comorbidities. Methods: It was included 35 obese (study group) and 30 normal individuals (control group). Patients with retinal diseases and retinal treatments were excluded. The images were obtained using the Topcon®;. Results: The mean areas of FAZ in superficial plexus (FAZ-SP) and deep plexus (FAZ-DP) were significantly greater in the study group: FAZ-SP was 405.0 ± 136.4 μm2 in the obese group and 307.3 ± 78.6 μm2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) 477.1 ± 124.4 μm2 in the obese group and 384.0 ± 88.7 μm2 in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (RE: p = 0.0014 and LE: p = 0.0012). The mean area of the FAZ-DP was 491.0 ± 124.4 μm2 (Right eye—RE) in the obese group and 384.4 ± 88.7 μm2 in the control group and in the left eye (LE) was 497.9 ± 124.1 μm2 in the obese group and 484.9 ± 92.7 μm2 in the control group. There were no correlations regarding FAZ-SP and FAZ-DP in both eyes with fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides. A significant association between enlargement of FAZ-DP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0160) was observed. Conclusion: The FAZ areas in superficial and deep plexus achieved significantly greater values in the study group. There was a significant association between a larger deep FAZ area and

关键词： Obesity Retina Fovea Centralis Retinal Vessels Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

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Optimization and Evaluation of Biosurfactant Produced by Pantoea sp. Using Pineapple Peel Residue, Vegetable Fat and Corn Steep Liquor

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 269-279页

作者： Fabiola Carolina Gomes de Almeida Thayse Alves de Lima e silva Ian Garrard Leonie asfora Sarubbo Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki Elias Basile Tambourgi School of Chemical Engineering University of Campinas Campinas 13083-852 Brazil Nucleous of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology Catholic University of Pernambuco Recife 50.050-590 Brazil Institute for Bioengineering Brunel University Uxbridge UB8 3PH United Kingdom Center of Sciences and Technology Catholic University of Pernambuco Recife 50. 050-590 Brazil

In this study, the authors have investigated the potential of a bacterial strain of Pantoea sp., isolated from wastewater of the textile industry, for the production of biosurfactant. The biosurfactant production was optimized by the combination of CCD （central composite design） and RSM （response surface methodology）. To assess the effects and interactions of medium the vegetable fat （1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 v/v）, the variables corn steep liquor （2.0, 5.0 and 8.0 v/v） and pineapple peel residue （10.0, 25.0 and 40.0 v/v） on the surface tension were evaluated. The empirical model developed through RSM in terms of the effective operational factors mentioned above was found to be adequate to describe the biosurfactant production. Compositional analysis of the produced biosurfaetant has been carried out by FT-IR （Fourier transform infrared spectoscopy） and subjected to the test of removing hydrocarbons. Through the analysis, vegetable fat and pineapple peel residue were found to be the most significant factors, whereas corn steep liquor had less effect within the ranges investigated. A maximum reduction in surface tension of 30.00 mN/m was obtained under the optimal conditions of 2.0% （v/v） vegetable fat concentration, 5.0% （v/v） corn steep liquor and 25.0% （v/v） pineapple peel residue concentration of medium. FT-IR spectrometer analysis of the biosurfactant characterized it as a glycolipid derivative. The biosurfactant exhibited the ability to solubilize the hydrocarbons tested, working between 64% and 92%. According to consists of bars with a length proportional to the absolute value of the estimated effects divided by the standard error. On this chart, ANOVA （analysis of variance） effect estimates are arranged from the largest to smallest absolute value. The chart includes a vertical line at the critical p-value of 0.05. Effects for which the bars are smaller than the critical p-value are considered non-significant and do not have an effect on the response variables. The eff

关键词： Biosurfactant optimization bioremediation.

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