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Clostridium diffi cile associated infection,diarrhea and colitis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第13期15卷 1554-1580页

作者： Perry Hookman jamie s barkin University of Miami Miller school of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Mount Sinai Medical Center

A new, hypervirulent strain of Clostridium difficile, called NAP1/BI/027, has been implicated in C. difficile outbreaks associated with increased morbidity and mortality since the early 2000s. The epidemic strain is resistant to fluoroquinolones in vitro, which was infrequent prior to 2001. The name of this strain reflects its characteristics, demonstrated by different typing methods： pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （NAP1）, restriction endonuclease analysis （BI） and polymerase chain reaction （027）. In 2004 and 2005, the Us Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC） emphasized that the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea （CDAD） is increased, not only by the usual factors, including antibiotic exposure, but also gastrointestinal surgery/manipulation, prolonged length of stay in a healthcare setting, serious underlying illness, immune-compromising conditions, and aging. Patients on proton pump inhibitors （PPIs） have an elevated risk, as do peripartum women and heart transplant recipients. Before 2002, toxic megacolon in C. dif/icile-associated colitis （CDAC）, was rare, but its incidence has increased dramatically. Up to two- thirds of hospitalized patients may be infected with C. difficile. Asymptomatic carriers admitted to healthcare facilities can transmit the organism to other susceptible patients, thereby becoming vectors. Fulminant colitis is reported more frequently during outbreaks of C. difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. C. diff/cile infection with IBD carries a higher mortality than without underlying IBD. This article reviews the latest information on C. difficile infection, including presentation, vulnerable hosts and choice of antibiotics, alternative therapies, and probiotics and immunotherapy. We review contact precautions for patients with known or suspected C. difficile- associated disease. Healthcare institutions require accurate and rapid diagnosis for early detection of possible outbreaks, to initiate s

关键词： Clostridium difficile Colitis Diarrhea Gastroenterology Nosocomial infection Iatrogenicinfection

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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： jamie L.Reed Hui-Xin Qi Jon H.Kaas Department of Psychology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even *** example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.

关键词： brainstem shrink removing

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A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr David B.Pyne Geovana silva Fogaça Leite Deborah Akins jamie Pugh College of Health solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for sport and Exercise sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public *** has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active ***:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

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Validity and Reliability of a Mental Health Recovery Checklist for Young Adults

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第4期26卷 317-323页

作者： Brianna Cerrito jamie Xiao Amie DiTomasso Amanda Fialk Jocelyn Bolin Research Department The DormNew York10023USA Department of Educational Psychology Ball State UniversityMuncie47306USA

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal consistency and construct validity of a self-report checklist measuring clinical mental health recovery across six key domains:family and relationships,occupation and school,physical health,mental health,spirituality,and social support *** Mental Health Recovery Checklist(MHRC)was developed at The Dorm,an intensive outpatient mental health treatment program for young adults in New York,NY,and Washington DC that services individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 years *** present study is cross-sectional,as data were pulled from clients’records who were discharged between January 2018 and May *** Correlations and Cronbach’s alpha were used to determine scale *** establish validity,an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)was conducted to assess a single-factor model using Principal Axis ***’s alpha was high(α=0.88),indicating good *** the EFA,all items loaded strongly on a single *** unidimensional structure revealed in the EFA highlights the interconnected nature of various life domains as they pertain to mental health recovery in young *** research is warranted to explore whether there are additional dimensions of mental health recovery that have not been assessed in the present scale.

关键词： Mental health recovery young adult validation study mental health checklist

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Patients’experiences with‘sludge’(administrative burden)in the cancer screening process and its relationship with screening completion,experience and health system distrust

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 8-17页

作者： Michelle s Rockwell Brianna Chang Vivian Zagarese jamie K Turner Ally southworth YingXing Wu Paul Yeaton Li Li Jeffrey s stein sarah H Parker John W Epling Department of Family and Community Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family and Community Medicine Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Virginia Tech Carilion school of Medicine RoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Health systems and Implementation science Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Graduate Program in Translational Biology Medicineand HealthVirginia TechRoanokeVirginiaUSA Health Analytics Research Team Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCarilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Center for Health Behaviors Research Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTCRoanokeVirginiaUSA

Objective‘sludge’refers to administrative burdens or frictions that preclude people from getting what they want or need(eg,duplicative forms,complicated instructions,long waiting times).This mixed methods study evaluated patients’perceptions of sludge in the colorectal cancer(CRC)screening process and some impacts of this *** We employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods study design that comprised patient interviews and a patient *** interviews informed final survey revisions and captured contextual data about patients’experiences with *** transcripts were inductively and deductively analysed to identify overarching *** survey quantified sludge,delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience(Net Promoter score)and health system distrust(Health system Distrust scale).We usedχ2 or t-tests for univariable comparisons and logistic or linear regressions to evaluate the association between cumulative sludge score and delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience and health system *** were integrated for *** southeastern United *** Patients who were 45–75 years of age,at average risk for CRC and had either completed or been referred for CRC screening(colonoscopy or stool-based test)within the previous 12 *** 22 interview participants and 255 survey participants completed the study.38(15%)survey participants rated their screening experience as poor(Net Promoter score=0–7 out of 10).The mean(sD)Health system Distrust scale score was 22.4(6.3)out of 45 possible points(higher score=greater distrust).Perceptions of sludge in the CRC screening process varied,with long waiting times and burdensome communication being the most common sources(58%and 35%of participants,respectively).sludge was positively associated with delayed or forgone screenings(OR=1.42,95%CI 1.28,1.57,pscreening experience(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.04,1.28,p=0.009)and health system distrust(β=0.47,p

关键词： sludge screening burden

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Changes in physical activity and sleep following the COVID-19 pandemic on a university campus:Perception versus reality

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sports Medicine and Health science 2024年第3期6卷 246-251页

作者： Bryce T.Daniels samantha Robinson Ivan Vargas jamie I.Baum Erin K.Howie University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUnited States Rush University Medical Center ChicagoIllinoisUnited States1 University of Arkansas system Division of Agriculture FayettevilleARUnited States

It has been hypothesized that key lifestyle behaviors of physical activity and sleep worsened in response to the Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)***,there have been inconsistencies in findings of changes in these key lifestyle behaviors across populations likely due to the wide variety of assessment *** purpose of the study was to compare physical activity and sleep before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using accelerometers and self-reported behaviors.A longitudinal follow-up was conducted on students,faculty,and staff at a university campus in the United *** the periods before March 2020(covering the academic years of 2018–2019 or 2019–2020)and again in April–June 2021,participants completed surveys to evaluate their physical activity and sleep behaviors and wore an accelerometer.A total of 44 participants completed the survey at both timepoints and 32 completed accelerometer assessment at both ***-seven percent of participants reported a perceived decline in physical activity,while 30%reported a worsening in *** selfreported data,overall physical activity did not change,but there was a decrease in active transport(pse in domestic physical activity(p?0.012).sleep quality decreased as evidenced by an increase in Pittsburgh sleep Quality Index scores(p?0.045).There were no changes in accelerometer measured physical activity or *** were no changes in physical or mental *** perceptions of physical activity declined from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic,there were no changes in device-measured physical activity,and changes in self-reported physical activity differed by domain.

关键词： Movement Longitudinal Measurement

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Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1417-1437页

作者： Mengmeng sONG Dazhi YANG sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan Mert YAGLI jamie M.BRIGHT Yanbo sHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU Martin Janos MAYER school of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 3569118HeidelbergGermany Chair of statistical Methods and Econometrics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Bluecherstr.1776185KarlsruheGermany Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China solar Energy Research Institute of singapore(sERIs) National University of Singapore(NUS)Singapore117574Singapore UK Power Networks LondonSE61NPUK China Meteorological Administration Beijing100081China Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau Harbin150001China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111BudapestHungary

Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,*** such,forecast calibration tools have become *** those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive ***,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated *** this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without *** overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive *** empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing *** and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all ***,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks.

关键词： ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram post-processing

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An emerging terpolymeric nanoparticle pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor of celecoxib in controlled release amorphous solid dispersion beads:Experimental studies and molecular dynamics analysis

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2669-2684页

作者： jamie Anne Lugtu-Pe Xuning Zhang sako Mirzaie Hao Han R.Chang Nour AL-Mousawi Kuan Chen Yongqiang Li Anil Kane Daniel Bar-shalom Xiao Yu Wu Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S 3M2Canada Candoo Pharmatech Company Inc. Mississauga L5N 5M1Canada Department of Pharmacy University of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark Patheon by Thermo Fisher scientific Toronto Region Operations(TRO)Mississauga L5N 3X4Canada

solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution ***,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and hence are exempt from such *** combining drug amorphization with controlled release formulation is promising to elevate drug solubility,like other supersaturating systems,the problem of drug recrystallization has yet to be resolved,particularly within the dosage ***,we explored the potential of an emerging,non-leachable terpolymer nanoparticle(TPN)pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor within controlled release amorphous solid dispersion(CRAsD)beads comprising a poorly soluble drug(celecoxib)reservoir and insoluble polymer(ethylcellulose)*** to conventional pore former,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),TPN-containing membranes exhibited superior structural integrity,less crystal formation at the CRAsD bead surface,and greater extent of celecoxib ***-atom molecular dynamics analyses revealed that in the presence of TPN,intra-molecular bonding,crystal formation tendency,diffusion coefficient,and molecular flexibility of celecoxib were reduced,while intermolecular H-bonding was increased as compared to *** work suggests that selection of a pore former that promotes prolonged molecular separation within a nanoporous controlled release membrane structure may serve as an effective strategy to enhance amorphicity preservation inside CRAsD.

关键词： Controlled release amorphous solid dispersion Poorly soluble drug Internal recrystallization Membrane-reservoir coated beads Molecular dynamics simulation Effect of pore formers Terpolymer nanogel Drug-polymer interactions

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Ten misconceptions regarding decision-making in critical care

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期13卷 72-82页

作者： Tara Ramaswamy jamie L sparling Marvin G Chang Edward A Bittner Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States

Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare *** complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making ***-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective *** science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce *** evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care *** understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Clinical reasoning Cognitive bias Critical care Debiasing strategies decision making Diagnostic reasoning Diagnostic error Heuristics Medical knowledge Patient safety

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为什么我们决定公开货车和客车的TCO数据?

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汽车与配件 2024年第10期 42-43页

作者： jamie Fox Interact Analysis

我们决定公开《新能源商用车研究报告》市场预测的货车和客车总拥有成本(TCO)数据,因为我们相信这将促进更广泛的讨论,从而推动TCO模型的持续优化。通过透明地分享TCO数据,我们希望能有效纠正可能的信息偏差,同时帮助读者和用户理解我... 详细信息

我们决定公开《新能源商用车研究报告》市场预测的货车和客车总拥有成本(TCO)数据,因为我们相信这将促进更广泛的讨论,从而推动TCO模型的持续优化。通过透明地分享TCO数据,我们希望能有效纠正可能的信息偏差,同时帮助读者和用户理解我们的数据来源。

关键词：市场预测数据来源 TCO 总拥有成本持续优化新能源商用车客车货车

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