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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： jamie L.Reed Hui-Xin Qi Jon H.Kaas Department of Psychology Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even die.For example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.

关键词： brainstem shrink removing

A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr David B.Pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite Deborah Akins jamie Pugh College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public alike.There has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut microbiota.However,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study challenges.The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active individuals.Methods:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active individuals.An intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were essential.Only peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date restrictions.Results were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and outcomes.Bias in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 tool.Results:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over design.Approximately half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain preparation.The probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 days.Fewer than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut microbiota.The sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated females.Low-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied widely.The risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some studies.Conclusion:There is a substantial body of

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

Validity and Reliability of a Mental Health Recovery Checklist for Young Adults

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第4期26卷 317-323页

作者： Brianna Cerrito jamie Xiao Amie DiTomasso Amanda Fialk Jocelyn Bolin Research Department The DormNew York10023USA Department of Educational Psychology Ball State UniversityMuncie47306USA

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the internal consistency and construct validity of a self-report checklist measuring clinical mental health recovery across six key domains:family and relationships,occupation and school,physical health,mental health,spirituality,and social support systems.The Mental Health Recovery Checklist(MHRC)was developed at The Dorm,an intensive outpatient mental health treatment program for young adults in New York,NY,and Washington DC that services individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 years old.The present study is cross-sectional,as data were pulled from clients’records who were discharged between January 2018 and May 2023.Pearson Correlations and Cronbach’s alpha were used to determine scale reliability.To establish validity,an Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)was conducted to assess a single-factor model using Principal Axis Factoring.Cronbach’s alpha was high(α=0.88),indicating good reliability.In the EFA,all items loaded strongly on a single factor.The unidimensional structure revealed in the EFA highlights the interconnected nature of various life domains as they pertain to mental health recovery in young adults.Future research is warranted to explore whether there are additional dimensions of mental health recovery that have not been assessed in the present scale.

关键词： Mental health recovery young adult validation study mental health checklist

Ten misconceptions regarding decision-making in critical care

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期13卷 72-82页

作者： Tara Ramaswamy jamie L Sparling Marvin G Chang Edward A Bittner Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States

Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making errors.Clinician-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective decision-making.Cognitive science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce error.This evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care decision-making.By understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Clinical reasoning Cognitive bias Critical care Debiasing strategies decision making Diagnostic reasoning Diagnostic error Heuristics Medical knowledge Patient safety

Non-crossing Quantile Regression Neural Network as a Calibration Tool for Ensemble Weather Forecasts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1417-1437页

作者： Mengmeng SONG Dazhi YANG Sebastian LERCH Xiang'ao XIA Gokhan Mert YAGLI jamie M.BRIGHT Yanbo SHEN Bai LIU Xingli LIU Martin Janos MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 3569118HeidelbergGermany Chair of Statistical Methods and Econometrics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Bluecherstr.1776185KarlsruheGermany Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of Singapore(NUS)Singapore117574Singapore UK Power Networks LondonSE61NPUK China Meteorological Administration Beijing100081China Heilongjiang Meteorological Bureau Harbin150001China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111BudapestHungary

Despite the maturity of ensemble numerical weather prediction(NWP),the resulting forecasts are still,more often than not,under-dispersed.As such,forecast calibration tools have become popular.Among those tools,quantile regression(QR)is highly competitive in terms of both flexibility and predictive performance.Nevertheless,a long-standing problem of QR is quantile crossing,which greatly limits the interpretability of QR-calibrated forecasts.On this point,this study proposes a non-crossing quantile regression neural network(NCQRNN),for calibrating ensemble NWP forecasts into a set of reliable quantile forecasts without crossing.The overarching design principle of NCQRNN is to add on top of the conventional QRNN structure another hidden layer,which imposes a non-decreasing mapping between the combined output from nodes of the last hidden layer to the nodes of the output layer,through a triangular weight matrix with positive entries.The empirical part of the work considers a solar irradiance case study,in which four years of ensemble irradiance forecasts at seven locations,issued by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,are calibrated via NCQRNN,as well as via an eclectic mix of benchmarking models,ranging from the naïve climatology to the state-of-the-art deep-learning and other non-crossing models.Formal and stringent forecast verification suggests that the forecasts post-processed via NCQRNN attain the maximum sharpness subject to calibration,amongst all competitors.Furthermore,the proposed conception to resolve quantile crossing is remarkably simple yet general,and thus has broad applicability as it can be integrated with many shallow-and deep-learning-based neural networks.

关键词： ensemble weather forecasting forecast calibration non-crossing quantile regression neural network CORP reliability diagram post-processing

为什么我们决定公开货车和客车的TCO数据?

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汽车与配件 2024年第10期 42-43页

作者： jamie Fox Interact Analysis

我们决定公开《新能源商用车研究报告》市场预测的货车和客车总拥有成本(TCO)数据,因为我们相信这将促进更广泛的讨论,从而推动TCO模型的持续优化。通过透明地分享TCO数据,我们希望能有效纠正可能的信息偏差,同时帮助读者和用户理解我... 详细信息

我们决定公开《新能源商用车研究报告》市场预测的货车和客车总拥有成本(TCO)数据,因为我们相信这将促进更广泛的讨论,从而推动TCO模型的持续优化。通过透明地分享TCO数据,我们希望能有效纠正可能的信息偏差,同时帮助读者和用户理解我们的数据来源。

关键词：市场预测数据来源 TCO 总拥有成本持续优化新能源商用车客车货车

2023年,新能源货车动力总成零部件收入超过客车

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汽车与配件 2024年第3期 49-49页

作者： jamie Fox Interact Analysis

Interact Analysis最新《电动货车&客车动力总成系统零部件》研究报告显示,2023年,全球新能源中重型货车的动力总成零部件市场规模(86亿美元)首次超过客车(61亿美元)。在2023年之前,受客车的高电动化率推动,新能源客车一直是动力总成零... 详细信息

Interact Analysis最新《电动货车&客车动力总成系统零部件》研究报告显示,2023年,全球新能源中重型货车的动力总成零部件市场规模(86亿美元)首次超过客车(61亿美元)。在2023年之前,受客车的高电动化率推动,新能源客车一直是动力总成零部件市场的主力车型。然而,全球新能源货车的动力总成市场规模在2023年超过了客车。这主要是因为货车整体市场销量远大于客车,即使只有小部分中重型货车实现电动化(2023年全球中重型货车的电动化渗透率仅2.6%),它仍然给相关零部件厂家带来了可观的收入。

关键词：零部件市场重型货车动力总成电动化新能源主力车型客车市场销量

“Goals Give You Hope”:An Exploration of Goal Setting in Young People Experiencing Mental Health Challenges

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第5期24卷 771-781页

作者： jamie Penno Sarah Hetrick Grant Christie Department of Psychological Medicine The University of AucklandAuckland0626New Zealand

The mental health of New Zealand’s adolescents is,by global standards,remarkably poor.Addressing such mental health needs is not only pertinent with regards to the quality of life of our young people,but also the health of our society as a whole,with current unmet youth mental health needs becoming future adult population health def-icits.While an array of evidence-based psychotherapies are available as treatment,our knowledge of the mechan-ism of actions underlying each of these is lacking.We propose that the practice of goal setting as a therapeutic technique may represent not only a common element across these therapies,but may also signiﬁcantly contribute to their relative efﬁcacies.Developing a fuller understanding of goal setting’s usefulness and efﬁcacy,as perceived by youth with mental health difﬁculties,may serve to aid in the development and deployment of more effective interventions,providing a small stepping-stone on the path towards addressing our current youth mental health crisis.Through a series of semi-structured interviews with nine young people aged 16–24 years old in New Zeal-and,we strive to create a nuanced understanding of young people’s perception and use of goal setting,and its potential signiﬁcance both within and beyond the realm of psychotherapy.Key themes derived from the data include(1)motivation for goal setting and achieving;(2)barriers to goal setting and achieving;(3)strategies for goal achievement;(4)the role of self-efﬁcacy;(5)the role of support;and(6)beneﬁts of goal setting.Theﬁnd-ings generated from this study suggest that goal setting as a therapeutic technique,when used appropriately,can have signiﬁcant positive impacts on the emotional state,productivity,and view of the future for young people experiencing mental health challenges.

关键词： Mental health mental wellbeing adolescent psychology adolescent wellbeing adolescent medicine mental health recovery

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超越经典合成氨工艺

环球科学 2024年第7期 68-75页

作者：杰米·杜拉尼曾欣欣(译) 付先彪(审校) 《化学世界》杂志

如果没有工业合成氨,如今地球上可能就不会有80亿人居住了。这篇来自《科学美国人》德国版的文章再次提醒我们,目前传统的合成氨工艺属于能源密集型技术,需更新迭代。自20世纪初发明以来,哈伯-博施合成氨工艺从根本上改变了粮食生产,进... 详细信息

如果没有工业合成氨,如今地球上可能就不会有80亿人居住了。这篇来自《科学美国人》德国版的文章再次提醒我们,目前传统的合成氨工艺属于能源密集型技术,需更新迭代。自20世纪初发明以来,哈伯-博施合成氨工艺从根本上改变了粮食生产,进而改变了整个世界。这项工艺突破难题,使氮气和氢气合成氨(氨是制造肥料的重要原料)成为了可能。

关键词：合成氨工艺能源密集型突破难题氢气氮气