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Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 187-196页

作者： Christopher james CLARK Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University PO Box 208106 New Haven CT 06511 USA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California- Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone （hfl）, a low frequency tone （lft）, and atonal sound pulses （asp）, which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices （tail-feathers） of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hfl or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds sitlfilar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism .

关键词： Calliope Hummingbird Courtship Multicomponent Signal Sonation Wind Tunnel

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WHAT'S CRAIC'IN?FEILE SHANGHAI IRELAND WEEK

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2014年第3期 84-85页

作者： LAUREN hogan 不详

March is tur ning out to be a jam-packed month,an d fora full week the Irish are taking over-which doesn't even in elude the few days following needed to nurse you back from your plight of Irish Yoga?

关键词： elude nurse packed

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Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Time Customization

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第2期29卷 127-142页

作者： james M.Tien College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),***,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or *** this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass *** importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time ***,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended *** ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.

关键词： Industrial revolutions big data goods services servgoods connected production mass customization real-time decision making Internet of Things artificial intelligence general

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RUNNING ASIA SEE THE SIGHTS IN YOUR SNEAKERS

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2014年第1期 30-31页

作者： LAUREN hogan 不详

From jogging through Mongolian grassla nds to sprinting past volcanoes in Java,running can be a thrilling way to explore the world.

关键词： printing Java RUN

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THE NEXT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION:INTEGRATED SERVICES AND GOODS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 257-296页

作者： james M.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs or products of an economy can be divided into services products ana gooas products （due to manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining）. To date, the services and goods products have, for the most part, been separately mass produced. However, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it is beginning in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is based on the confluence of three major technological enablers （i.e., big data analytics, adaptive services and digital manufacturing）; they underpin the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. As detailed in an earlier paper, we regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real-time management of supply and demand chains, based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management foci. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced - as ＂servgoods＂ - in real-time, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers.

关键词： Big data decision analytics goods adaptive services digital manufacturing value chain supply chain demand chain mass production mass customization industrial revolution

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On the homotopy category of AC-injective complexes

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第1期12卷 97-115页

作者： james GILLESPIE Ramapo College of New Jersey School of Theoretical and Applied Science Mahwah NJ 07430 USA

Let R be any ring. We motivate the study of a class of chain complexes of injective R-modules that we call A C-injective complexes, showing that K（AC-Inj）, the chain homotopy category of all AC-injective complexes, is always a compactly generated triangulated category. In general, all DG- injective complexes are AC-injective and in fact there is a recollement linking K（AC-Inj） to the usual derived category D（R）. This is based on the author＇s recent work inspired by work of Krause and Stovicek. Our focus here is on giving straightforward proofs that our categories are compactly generated.

关键词： AC-injective recollement compactly generated triangulated category

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IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEM—Case Study of Shanghai,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： Philip james Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Greater Manchester M5 4WT UK

Urbanization can affect the physical process of river growth, modify stream structure and further influence the functions of river system. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, which is located in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta in China. Since the 1970s, the whole river system in Shanghai has been planned and managed by the Shanghai Water Authority. The primary management objectives in the last 30 years have been to enhance irrigation and flood-control. By using Horton-Strahler classification and Horton laws as a reference, a novel method of stream classification, in conjunction with the traditional and specially designed indicators, was applied to understanding the structure and functions of the river system in Shanghai. Correlation analysis was used to identify the interrelations among indicators. It was found that the impact of urbanization on the river system was significant although natural laws and physical characteristics marked a super-developed river system. There was an obvious correlation between the degree of urbanization and the abnormal values of some indicators. Urbanization impacts on river system such as branches engineered out, riverbank concreting and low diversity of river style were widely observed. Each indicator had distinct sensibility to urbanization so they could be used to describe different characteristics of urban river system. The function indicators were significantly related to structure indicators. Stream structure, described by fractal dimension and complexity of river system, was as important as water area ratio for maintaining river’s multi-function.

关键词： river system stream classification Horton law urbanization Shanghai

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WATER WORKS IN RURAL CHINA Changing an unfiltered education

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2015年第10期 86-87页

作者： LAUREN hogan 不详

Living in cosmopolitan Shanghai,where drinking water is easily accessible,and even the booze often flows freely,it’s hard to imagine life without a bottle of Nongfu at the *** for many in China,including millions of children,access to drinkable water is nearly ***-based social enterprise Siyuan is working to change that-starting from the province of *** help from the Blue Kailin Foundation(Lanqilin jijinhui),Siyuan was able to sign an RMB11.5 million contract with the Fujian government,allowing them to deliver water filtration equipment to rural schools in the province over the next two years.

关键词： education filtered starting

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KOREA TOWN BIRDS,BBQS AND THE CITY'S BEST SPA

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2014年第2期 24-25页

作者： LAUREN hogan 不详

Out in the far reaches of Minhang-just past Hongqiao Airport一steaming bowls of bibimbap and kimchi pancakes can be *** "annyeong haseyo"(hello)to Korea Town!And while the"town"is in actuality just a few streets,you can make a day out of it(and if you're going to make the trek,you might as well).We recommend coming with a group though-Korean BBQ isn't designed for the solo traveler.

关键词： BEST town SPA

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DAXUE LU SUNSHINE-FILLED SIDEWALKS WHERE DREAMS COME TO LIGHT

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2014年第4期 26-27页

作者： LAUREN hogan 不详

Traveling to the other end of Line 10,we visit Daxue Lu,or"University Street"-a tree-lined,two-block stretch of quirky cafes and Western restaurants with patio seating *** on University Avenue in Palo Alto,California-a street where creative companies such as Google and Pay pa I were born-here too is the birthplace of many new businesses and ideas.

关键词： companies DREAM Avenue

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