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Boosting Adversarial Training with Learnable Distribution

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Computers, materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3247-3265页

作者： Kai Chen Jinwei Wang james msughter Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei Dai school of Electronics and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Intelligent support Technology for Complex Environments Ministry of EducationNanjing210044China school of Computer and software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Nanjing Center for Applied mathematics Nanjing211135China

In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of deep neural *** training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial ***,the difference in the feature space between natural and adversarial examples hinders the accuracy and robustness of the model in adversarial *** paper proposes a learnable distribution adversarial training method,aiming to construct the same distribution for training data utilizing the Gaussian mixture *** distribution centroid is built to classify samples and constrain the distribution of the sample *** natural and adversarial examples are pushed to the same distribution centroid to improve the accuracy and robustness of the *** proposed method generates adversarial examples to close the distribution gap between the natural and adversarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly designed for adversarial *** algorithm gradually increases the accuracy and robustness of the model by scaling ***,the proposed method outputs the predicted labels and the distance between the sample and the distribution *** distribution characteristics of the samples can be utilized to detect adversarial cases that can potentially evade the model *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments.

关键词： Adversarial training feature space learnable distribution distribution centroid

synthesis of carbon nitride in potassium hydroxide molten salt for efficient uranium extraction from radioactive wastewater

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 89-99页

作者： shuang Liu Junhan Luo Daniel-james maguire Liyuan Zheng Zhe Wang Yuexiang Lu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Nuclear Research Institute for Future Technology and Policy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Earth sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK The mOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental system Optimization College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Photocatalysis-assisted removal of uranium has been proven as an effective method for the elimination of radioactive pollution from *** this work,carbon nitride materials were synthesized in potassium hydroxide(KOH)molten salt and applied to photocatalytic uranyl *** materials were confirmed to possess the triazine-s-heptazine structure by NmR,XPs and UV-Vis characterization,and exhibited a wider visible light absorption than graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).The photocatalytic activity of the carbon nitride materials was tailored by varying the precursor mass *** carbon nitride obtained at 80%melamine as precursor(K-CN-80)exhibited the highest photocatalytic extraction ability and its photocatalytic reaction rate is 6.6 times faster than that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The influence of sacrificial agents was studied and the results showed that triethanolamine inhibited U(Ⅵ)photoreduction,but methanol can accelerate U(Ⅵ)photoreduction by consuming photogenerated *** unary KOH molten salt synthesis method has exceptional potential applications in the preparation of carbon nitrides,and the obtained products showed potential in extracting U(Ⅵ)from aqueous solutions for use in nuclear fuel industry and for U(Ⅵ)environmental pollution cleanup.

关键词： Uranium Carbon nitride molten salt Photocatalysis Radioactive wastewater

Facilitated Prediction of micropollutant Degradation via UV-AOPs in Various Waters by Combining model simulation and Portable measurement

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 87-95页

作者： Yanyan Huang mengkai Li Zhe sun Wentao Li james R.Bolton Zhimin Qiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada state Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The degradation of micropollutants in water via ultraviolet(UV)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)is strongly dependent on the water *** reactive radicals(RRs)formed in UV-AOPs have different reaction selectivities toward water matrices and degradation efficiencies for target ***,process selection and optimization are *** study developed a facilitated prediction method for the photon fluence-based rate constant for micropollutant degradation(K′_(p,mP))in various UV-AOPs by combining model simulation with portable *** methods for measuring the scavenging capacities of the principal RRs(RRsCs)involved in UV-AOPs(i.e.,HO^(·),sO_(4)^(·-),and Cl^(·))using a mini-fluidic photoreaction system were *** simulation models consisted of photochemical,quantitative structure–activity relationship,and radical concentration steady-state approximation *** RRsCs were determined in eight test waters,and a higher RRsC was found to be associated with a more complex water ***,by taking sulfamethazine,caffeine,and carbamazepine as model micropollutants,the k′_(p,mP) values in various UV-AOPs were predicted and further verified experimentally.A lower k′_(p,mP) was found to be associated with a higher RRsC for a stronger RR competition;for example,k′_(p,mP) values of 130.9 and 332.5 m^(2) einstein^(–1),respectively,were obtained for carbamazepine degradation by UV/H_(2)O_(2) in the raw water(RRsC=9.47×10^(4) s^(-1))and sand-filtered effluent(RRsC=2.87×10^(4) s^(-1))of a drinking water treatment *** developed method facilitates process selection and optimization for UV-AOPs,which is essential for increasing the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of water treatment.

关键词： UV-AOPs micropollutant degradation Reactive radicals Water matrix model simulation

Commentary on“Incidence of urinary incontinence following endoscopic laser enucleation of the prostate by en-bloc and non-en-bloc techniques:a multicenter,real-world experience of 5068 patients”

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 333-334页

作者： james F Jiang Narmina K Onder Akhil K Das Department of Urology University of California Irvine Orange CA 92868 USA

Laser enucleation of the prostate is a proven and effectivesize-independent method for the surgical management of symptomaticbenign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and is considered as the“goldstandard”by many *** major hurdles that stand in theway of this becoming a universally used procedure for BPH are thesteep learning curve associated with mastering the procedure andpossibility of perioperative transient *** advances inteaching methodologies have helped tackle the difficulty in learning itand increased the number of urologists utilizing the *** forthe second hurdle,transient incontinence rates postlaser enucleationof the prostate have improved with the advent of newer techniques *** et al.1 assesses the incidence of stress,urge,andmixed urinary incontinence following laser enucleation of the prostateby comparing en-bloc and non-en-bloc techniques in a multicenterseries of 5068 men with BPH.

关键词： urinary incontinence transient

Evaluating reservoir suitability for large-scale hydrogen storage:A preliminary assessment considering reservoir properties

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2024年第4期5卷 198-211页

作者： Chinedu J.Okere james J.sheng Chinedu Ejike Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409United States mewbourne school of Petroleum and Geological Engineering University of OklahomaOK73019United States

With rising demand for clean energy,global focus turns to finding ideal sites for large-scale underground hydrogen storage(UHs)in depleted petroleum reservoirs.A thorough preliminary reservoir evaluation before hydrogen(H_(2))injection is crucial for UHs success and *** criteria for UHs often emphasize economics and chemistry,neglecting key reservoir *** study introduces a comprehensive framework for the reservoir-scale preliminary assessment,specifically tailored for long-term H_(2) storage within depleted gas *** evaluation criteria encompass critical components,including reservoir geometry,petrophysical properties,tectonics,and formation *** illustrate the practical application of this approach,we assess the Barnett shale play reservoir *** assessment unfolds through three key stages:(1)A systematic evaluation of the reservoir's properties against our comprehensive screening criteria determines its suitability for H_(2) storage.(2)Using both homogeneous and multilayered gas reservoir models,we explore the feasibility and efficiency of H_(2) *** phase involves an in-depth examination of reservoir behavior during the injection stage.(3)To enhance understanding of UHs performance,sensitivity analyses investigate the impact of varying reservoir dimensions and injection/production *** findings reveal the following:(a)Despite potential challenges associated with reservoir compaction and aquifer support,the reservoir exhibits substantial promise as an H_(2) storage site.(b)Notably,a pronounced increase in reservoir pressure manifests during the injection stage,particularly in homogeneous reservoirs.(c)Furthermore,optimizing injection-extraction cycle efficiency can be achieved by augmenting reservoir dimensions while maintaining a consistent *** ensure a smooth transition to implementation,further comprehensive investigations are advised,including experimental and numerical studies to address

关键词： site selection Underground hydrogen storage Preliminary evaluation Depleted petroleum reservoirs Reservoir assessment

First experience in laparoscopic surgery in low and middle income countries: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第2期16卷 546-553页

作者： Rebekka Troller Jasmine Bawa Olivia Baker james Ashcroft Department of surgery Medway Maritime HospitalGillingham ME75NYKentUnited Kingdom Department of surgery University Hospital CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has reduced morbidity and mortality rates,shorter post-operative recovery periods and lower complication rates than open *** is routine practice in high-income countries and is becoming increasingly common in countries with limited ***,introducing laparoscopic surgery in low-and-middle-income countries(LmIC)can be expensive and requires resour-ces,equipment,and *** To report the challenges and benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LmIC as well as to identify solutions to these challenges for countries with limited finances and *** mEDLine,EmBAsE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting first experience in laparoscopic surgery in *** studies were published between 1996 and 2022 with full text available in *** criteria were studies considering only open surgery,ear,nose,and throat,endoscopy,arthro-scopy,hysteroscopy,cystoscopy,transplant,or bariatric *** Ten studies out of 3409 screened papers,from eight LmIC were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis,totaling 2497 *** reported challenges were related to costs of equipment and training programmes,equipment pro-blems such as faulty equipment,and access to surgical ***-related challenges were reliance on foreign trainers and lack of locally trained surgeons and theatre *** benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery were economic and clinical,including a reduction in hospital stay,complications,and morbidi-ty/*** introduction of laparoscopic surgery also provided training opportunities for junior *** Despite financial and technical challenges,many studies emphasise the overall benefit of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LmICs such as reduced hospital stay and the related lower cost for *** many of the clinical centres in LmICs have proposed practical solutions to the challenges reported,more support is critical

关键词： Laparoscopic surgery Low and middle income country First experience Training in laparoscopic surgery

Handheld bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of myocarditis

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2024年第1期15卷 73-74页

作者： Frank Wheeler Robin Lahr james Espinosa Alan Lucerna Henry schuitema Department of Emergency medicine Rowan University School of Osteopathic MedicineStratford 08084USA Emergency medicine Residency Program Jeff erson HealthStratford 08084USA Department of Emergency medicine and Associate Chief medical Offi cer Stratford 08084USA

myocarditis is a disease process that every emergency physician fears *** severity can be mild to life-threatening,and many cases are likely undetected because they are subclinical with nonspecifi c signs.[1]subtle cardiac signs may be overshadowed by systemic symptoms of the underlying infectious ***,myalgias,lethargy,symptoms commonly associated with viral syndrome,can mask the life-threatening myocarditis that may be *** fact,in the United states myocarditis Treatment Trial,almost 90%of patients reported symptoms consistent with a viral prodrome.[2]Ammirati et al[3]reported that 27%of patients with myocarditis had either reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,ventricular arrhythmias,or low cardiac ***,we present a case report,in which handheld point-of-care ultrasound was utilized at the bedside to aid in the critical diagnosis of *** the additional information provided through this imaging modality,this patient was able to be transferred to the appropriate tertiary care facility in an expeditious manner and receive possible defi nitive treatment.

关键词： diagnosis myocarditis Fever

Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue sun Philipp Dutkowski Am james shapiro Andrea schlegel Department of surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflammation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflammation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver *** evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses,providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(mP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ *** editorial focuses on the role of mP in LT and how it could become the new“gold standard”.strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation machine perfusion Viability assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

Photonic analog signal processing and neuromorphic computing[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 123-136页

作者： james Garofolo Ben Wu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028USA

In this review paper,we discuss the properties and applications of photonic computing and analog signal *** computational circuits have large operation bandwidth,low power consumption,and fine frequency control,enabling a wide range of application-specific computational techniques that are impossible to implement using traditional electrical and digital hardware *** advantages are illustrated in the elegant implementation of optical steganography,the real-time blind separation of signals in the same bandwidth,and the efficient acceleration of artificial neural network *** working principles and use of photonic circuits for analog signal processing and neuromorphic computing are reviewed and notable demonstrated applications are highlighted.

关键词： blind-source separation optical steganography neuromorphic photonics