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Occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i>species and associated T2-toxin in Kenyan wheat

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 24-34页

作者： james W. Muthomi Scholastica l. Musyimi John M. Wagacha Rama d. Narla department of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Ministry of Agriculture Nairobi Kenya

Survey covering 120 wheat fields was conducted in three wheat-growing districts of Kenya during the 2008 cropping season to determine the incidence of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and T2-toxin contamination in grain. FHB incidence was determined as the number of blighted ears per 10m2. Information gathered included wheat production practices, rainfall and temperature data. Fungal pathogens were isolated from wheat stems, heads, straw, grains and soil and identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics. Wheat grain samples were analyzed for T2-toxin by competitive Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ElISA). High FHB incidences of up to 88% were recorded. Fungal genera isolated included Fusarium, Epicoccum, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Penicilium. Wheat plant parts with high infection with Alternaria and Epicoccum had corresponding low levels of Fusarium spp. Whereas Fusarium spp. were the most common fungal pathogens in stems, heads and soil, Epicoccum was frequently isolated from straw and grains. Fusarium speciesisolated included F. poae, F. graminearum, F. stilboides, F. verticilloides, F. fusarioides, F. tricinctum and F. heterosporum with F. poae and F. graminearum accounting for approximately 40% of all Fusarium infections. T-2 toxin was detected in all the grain samples and varied from 3 to 22 ppb. The study showed that FHB and T2-toxin are prevalent in the study districts and the high diversity of Fusarium species implies a challenge in FHB management as well as a risk of chronic T2-toxin exposure to humans and livestock.

关键词： Fusarium Head Blight Mycotoxins T-2 Toxin Trichothecenes Wheat

Effect of Surgical Complications on Quality of life after Thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung Cancer

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2014年第3期4卷 25-34页

作者： Sayf Gazala Jeffrey A. Johnson james d. Kutsogiannias Eric l. R. Bédard department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada department of Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Canada School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

Background: Surgical resection is the main treatment for early stage lung cancer;the benefits of surgery, however, need to be weighed against possible complications and patients’ quality of life. Methods: We performed a cohort study following patients after video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy at our tertiary care center. Before surgery, health related quality of life was assessed using the SF-36, the QlQ30, QlQ13 and EQ5d questionnaires. Post-operatively health related quality of life was assessed at regular intervals (2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks). A research team assessed post-operative complications on a daily basis during the patients’ hospital stay. Based on the Clavien classification system, the cohort was classified as experiencing high-grade (i.e., grade III or IV) complications or not. Changes in quality of life scores over the follow-up period were compared using linear regression with generalized estimating equations. Results: Between March and September 2011, 44 eligible patients were recruited into the study. The mean age was 65 (Sd 8.7) years;55% were male. The majority (n = 31;71%) had no or low-grade complications. Patients experiencing high-grade complications reported significantly worse outcomes in the following domains of the SF-36: Global Health, Vitality, and Physical Functioning (p ll). On the QlQ 30 and QlQ 13, patients with high-grade complications had worse outcomes in the dyspnea, emotional function and cognitive function scales, as well as worse shoulder and chest pain, and financial difficulties (p ll). Conclusions: The severity of post-operative complications after video assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy negatively impacts patient centered outcomes post-operatively.

关键词： VATS Quality of life lung Cancer Surgery

The impact of hearing impairment and noise-induced hearing injury on quality of life in the active-duty military population:challenges to the study of this issue

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PlA(China) 2016年第3期31卷 153-161页

作者： Hasanat Alamgir Caryn A.Turner Nicole J.Wong Sharon P.Cooper Jose A.Betancourt james Henry Andrew J.Senchak Tanisha l.Hammill Mark d.Packer deptartment of Health Policy and Management School of Health Sciences and PracticeNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNY 10595USA School of Public Health The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston7411 John Smith Drive Suite 1100 San AntonioTX 78229USA National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research 3710 SW US Veteran Hospital RoadPortlandOR 87239USA Walter Reed National Military Medical Center 8901 Wisconsin AveBethesdaMD 20814USA department of defense Hearing Center of Excellence 59MDW/SG02O2200 Bergqiust Drive Suite 1JBSA LacklandTX 78236USA.

The objectives of this review were to 1)summarize the available evidence on the impact of hearing loss on quality of life(QOl)among ***-duty service members,2)describe the QOl instruments that have been used to quantify the impact of hearing loss on quality of life,3)examine national population-level secondary databases and report on their utility for studying the impact of hearing loss on QOl among active-duty service members,and 4)provide recommendations for future studies that seek to quantify the impact of hearing loss in this *** is a lack of literature that addresses the intersection of hearing impairment,the military population,and quality of life *** audiological research,*** personnel offer a unique research population,as they are exposed to noise levels and blast environments that are highly unusual in civilian work settings and can serve as a model population for studying the impact on QOl associated with these *** review recommends conducting a study on the active-duty service member population using a measurement instrument suitable for determining decreases in QOl specifically due to hearing loss.

关键词： Quality of life(QOl) Hearing impairment Noise-induced hearing injury Hearing loss Tinnitus Hearing impairment and noise-induced hearing injury(HINIHI) Military Service members

Further discussion of CO_(2) huff-n-puff mechanisms in tight oil reservoirs based on NMR monitored fluids spatial distributions

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 350-361页

作者： Wei-Yu Tang james J.Sheng Ting-Xue Jiang Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Bob l.Herd department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Beijing100101China

due to the poor physical properties of tight reservoirs,CO_(2) huff-n-puff(HNP)is considered a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method after primary *** plays a critical role in the effective implementation of CO_(2) *** the optimization requires a good understanding of the EOR *** this work,the spatial distribution of oil saturation under different experimental conditions was analyzed by the NMR method to further discuss the HNP *** to the variation of 1d frequency signal amplitude,we divided the core into the hardly movable area and movable area,the region with the obvious signal decline was defined as the movable area,and the hardly movable area was the region with limited signal *** on that the recovery characteristics of different scenarios were ***,the necessity of the soaking stage was studied,where three scenarios with different soaking times were carried ***,the injection pressure was adjusted to investigate the effect of the pressure *** T_(2) spectra show that soaking has significantly improved the production of crude oil in small pores,and higher oil recovery in a single cycle is observed,but it is lower when the elapsed time(total operation time)is the same.31.03% of oil can be recovered after 3 cycles HNP,which increases to 33.8% and 37.06% for the 4 cycles and 6 cycles *** the pressure gradient increases,more oil is removed out of the matrix,and the oil in the deep part of the reservoir can be effectively *** the CO_(2) huff-n-puff process,the oil distributions are similar to the solution gas drive,the residual oil is distributed at the close end of the core and the range that the oil can be efficiently recovered is limited.

关键词： Tight reservoirs low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) CO_(2)huff-n-puff Enhanced oil recovery

A murine model of tuberculosis/type 2 diabetes comorbidity for investigating the microbiome,metabolome and associated immune parameters

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 181-188页

作者： Harindra d.Sathkumara Janet l.Eaton Matt A.Field Brenda l.Govan Natkunam Ketheesan Andreas Kupz Centre for Molecular Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairns&TownsvilleQLDAustralia College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia

Tuberculosis(TB)is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the *** meta-bolic disease type 2 diabetes(T2d)significantly increases the risk of developing ac-tive *** new TB vaccine candidates and novel therapeutic interventions are required to meet the challenges of global TB *** evidence suggests that the microbiota plays a significant role in how the host responds to infection,in-jury and neoplastic *** models that closely reflect human physiology are crucial in assessing new treatments and to decipher the underlying immunological defects responsible for increased TB susceptibility in comorbid *** this study,using a diet-induced murine T2d model that reflects the etiopathogenesis of clinical T2d and increased TB susceptibility,we investigated how the intestinal microbiota may impact the development of T2d,and how the gut microbial composition changes following a very low-dose aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).Our data revealed a substantial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in T2d mice compared to non-diabetic *** observed differences were comparable to previous clini-cal reports in TB patients,in which it was shown that Mtb infection causes rapid loss of microbial ***,diversity index and principle component analyses demonstrated distinct clustering of Mtb-infected non-diabetic mice ***-infected T2d *** findings support a broad applicability of T2d mice as a tractable small animal model for studying distinct immune parameters,microbiota and the immune-metabolome of TB/T2d *** model may also enable answers to be found to critical outstanding questions about targeted interventions of the gut mi-crobiota and the gut-lung axis.

关键词： gut microbiota host microbe interaction infectious diseases tuberculosis type 2 diabetes

decoding hereditary spastic paraplegia pathogenicity through transcriptomic profiling

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 650-662页

作者： Nicolas james Ho Xiao Chen Yong lei Shen Gu School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina dr.li dak Sum-Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine and department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Key laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute&School of Basic Medicine Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China department of Sports Medicine Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group(CORMed) HangzhouZhejiang310058 China School of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdong 518172China The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen) Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D CenterShenzhenGuangdong 518172China Key laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of EducationSchool of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong(KIZ-CUHK)Joint laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common diseases Hong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP)is a group of genetic motor neuron diseases resulting from length-dependent axonal degeneration of the corticospinal upper motor *** to the advancement of next-generation sequencing,more than 70 novel HSP disease-causing genes have been identified in the past *** this,our understanding of HSP physiopathology and the development of efficient management and treatment strategies remain *** major challenge in studying HSP pathogenicity is selective neuronal vulnerability,characterized by the manifestation of clinical symptoms that are restricted to specific neuronal populations,despite the presence of germline disease-causing variants in every cell of the ***,disease genes may exhibit ubiquitous expression patterns and involve a myriad of different pathways to cause motor neuron *** the current review,we explore the correlation between transcriptomic data and clinical manifestations,as well as the importance of interspecies models by comparing tissue-specific transcriptomic profiles of humans and mice,expression patterns of different genes in the brain during development,and single-cell transcriptomic data from related ***,we discuss the potential of emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies to resolve unanswered questions related to HSP pathogenicity.

关键词： degeneration transcript hereditary

does climate change alter the nutrient trends of Cedrela fissilis *** in the southern Brazilian Amazon?

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 806-827页

作者： daigard R.Ortega Rodriguez Raúl Sánchez-Salguero Andrea Hevia Renata C.Bovi Marciel J.Ferreira james H.Speer Fidel A.Roig Mario Tomazello-Filho Escola Superior de Agricultura luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Ciências FlorestaisUniversidade de São PauloAv.Pádua Dias 11PiracicabaSão Paulo 13418-900Brazil dendrOlavide-department Sistemas Físicos Químicos y NaturalesUniversidad Pablo de OlavideCrta.Utrera Km.141013 SevilleSpain department of Ecology Universidad de JaénCampus Las Lagunillas s/n.23009 JaénSpain departamento de Ciência Florestal Solos e AmbienteUniversidade Estadual PaulistaAv.Universitária 3780BotucatuSão Paulo 18610-034Brazil laboratory of Silviculture Universidade Federal do Ama-zonasAv.Gen.Rodrigo Octávio 6200ManausAmazonas 69080-900Brazil department of Earth and Environmental Systems Indiana State UniversityTerre MauteIN 47809USA Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICETUniversidad Nacional de Cuyo)5500 MendozaArgentina Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra Escuela de Ingeniería ForestalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad MayorSantiagoChile

Background The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts is pointed out as one of the main factors altering biogeochemical cycles in the Amazon *** eco-nutritional approach using X-ray fluorescence micro-analysis(μXRF)is proposed to verify the long-and short-term effects of droughts on the growth and xylem nutrient concentrations of Cedrela fissilis *** Fourteen radii were selected from a tree-ring width chronology and X-rayed by Itrax *** of ring width,wood density,and concentrations of aluminum(Al),phosphorus(P),sulfur(S),calcium(Ca),potassium(K),manganese(Mn),iron(Fe)and strontium(Sr)together with Al/Ca,Ca/Mn,K/Ca,Sr/Ca and Mn/S ratios were constructed and correlated with precipitation,temperature,the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration(P-PET)and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI).Results during dry years,*** showed narrower,less dense rings,lower Al,P,S and Ca,and higher K and Fe concentrations(the opposite was found in wet years).Ring width decreased(together with Al,P,S,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Sr,Al/Ca,K/Ca and Sr/Ca)and wood density increased(together with Ca/Mn and Mn/S),which was associated with an increase in evapotranspiration and temperature over time,mainly since *** fissilis showed a tendency to increase its capacity for resistance,and a recovery and resilience in growth over time associated with responses in Al,Ca,P and ***,it showed a risk in the capacity for recovery of the pre-drought density values,associated with unsatisfactory responses in Al,Ca,K,Fe and *** This study is the first attempt to analyze tree-ring nutritional evidences of *** trees to climate sensitivity and resilience to drought,based on long-term data from seasonal moist tropical forests of the *** data suggested that *** is undergoing alterations in the concentration,use and redistribution of nutrients associated with increasing wood density and d

关键词： dendrochemistry μXRF drought Tropical tree Eco-chemical indicator Resilience Resistance Recovery

Radiation dose enhancement in skin therapy with nanoparticle addition: A Monte Carlo study on kilovoltage photon and megavoltage electron beams

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World Journal of Radiology 2017年第2期9卷 63-71页

作者： Xiao J Zheng james C l Chow department of Physics Ryerson University Radiation Medicine Program Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Department of Radiation Oncology University of Toronto

AIMTo investigated the dose enhancement due to the incorporation of nanoparticles in skin therapy using the kilovoltage (kV) photon and megavoltage (MV) electron beams. Monte Carlo simulations were used to predict the dose enhancement when different types and concentrations of nanoparticles were added to skin target layers of varying *** kV photon beams (105 and 220 kVp) and MV electron beams (4 and 6 MeV), produced by a Gulmay d3225 orthovoltage unit and a Varian 21 EX linear accelerator, were simulated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. doses at skin target layers with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm for the photon beams and 0.5 to 10 mm for the electron beams were determined. The skin target layer was added with the Au, Pt, I, Ag and Fe2O3 nanoparticles with concentrations ranging from 3 to 40 mg/ml. The dose enhancement ratio (dER), defined as the dose at the target layer with nanoparticle addition divided by the dose at the layer without nanoparticle addition, was calculated for each nanoparticle type, nanoparticle concentration and target layer *** was found that among all nanoparticles, Au had the highest dER (5.2-6.3) when irradiated with kV photon beams. dependence of the dER on the target layer thickness was not significant for the 220 kVp photon beam but it was for 105 kVp beam for Au nanoparticle concentrations higher than 18 mg/ml. For other nanoparticles, the dER was dependent on the atomic number of the nanoparticle and energy spectrum of the photon beams. All nanoparticles showed an increase of dER with nanoparticle concentration during the photon beam irradiations regardless of thickness. For electron beams, the Au nanoparticles were found to have the highest dER (1.01-1.08) when the beam energy was equal to 4 MeV, but this was drastically lower than the dER values found using photon beams. The dER was also found affected by the depth of maximum dose of the electron beam and target thi

关键词： Skin therapy Monte Carlo simulation Nanoparticle dose enhancement Photon and electron beams

Soft tissue coverage using pedicled flap in combat zone: A case series

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Military Medical Research 2021年第2期8卷 273-277页

作者： laurent Mathieu Soryapong Plang Nicolas de l'Escalopier james Charles Murison Christophe Gaillard Antoine Bertani Frederic Rongieras department of Orthopedics Trauma and Reconstructive SurgeryPercy Military Hospital101 Avenue Henri Barbusse92140 ClamartFrance department of Surgery French Military Health Service AcademyEcole du Val-de-Grace75005 ParisFrance department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Edouard Herriot Hospital69003 LyonFrance

Background:Soft tissue reconstruction is typically conducted after evacuation from theater of *** circumstances do not allow timely evacuation,however,defect site may need to be reconstructed in the combat *** presentation:A total of 41 patients with extremity soft tissue defect were treated using pedicled flaps by a single orthopedic surgeon during four deployments in Chad,Afghanistan and Mali between 2010 and *** mean age was 25.6 years.A total of 46 injury sites in extremities required flap coverage:19 combat-related injuries(CRIs)and 27 non-combat related injuries(NCRIs).Twenty of the injury sites were ***,63 pedicled flap transfers were carried out:15 muscle flaps,35 local fasciocutaneous flaps and 13 distant fasciocutaneous *** flap types used did not differ for CRIs or *** follow-up was 71 *** included deep infection(n=6),flap failure(n=1)and partial flap necrosis(n=1).limb salvage rate was 92.7%(38/41).Conclusions:Soft tissue defect can be managed with simple pedicled flaps in theatre of operations if *** reconstructive procedures should be part of the training for military orthopedic *** registration:Retrospectively registered in January 2019(2019-0901-001).

关键词： Pedicled flaps limited resources War surgery Reconstruction Training