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A comprehensive review of select smart polymeric and gel actuators for soft mechatronics and robotics applications:fundamentals,freeform fabrication,and motion control

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2017年第4期8卷 144-213页

作者： james D.Carrico Tom tyler Kam K.Leang Design AutomationRoboticsand Control(DARC)LaboratoryDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

Smart polymeric and gel actuators change shape or size in response to stimuli like electricity,heat,or *** smart polymeric-and gel-based actuators are compliant and well suited for development of soft mechatronic and robotic *** paper provides a thorough review of select smart polymeric and gel actuator materials where an automated and freeform fabrication process,like 3D printing,is exploited to create custom shaped monolithic *** particular,the advantages and limitations,examples of applications,manufacturing and fabrication techniques,and methods for actuator control are ***,a rigorous comparison and analysis of some of the advantages and limitations,as well as manufacturing processes,for these materials,are presented.

关键词： Smart polymeric actuators gel actuators soft mechatronics

Incidence of anastomotic stricture after Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy using a circular stapling device

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第11期11卷 407-413页

作者： Robert tyler Amit Nair Meagan Lau james Hodson Rizwan Mahmood Jan Dmitrewski Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Russells Hall HospitalDudley DY12HQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Benign oesophageal strictures carry a significant level of morbidity,causing burdensome symptoms impacting on quality of ***-oesophagectomy anastomotic stricture rates as high as 41%have been reported in the *** can require endoscopic dilatation,often multiple times to relieve *** aim of the present study was to determine a single surgeons stricture rate in a series of 2-stage Ivor-Lewis procedures,and to identify any independent risk factors in their *** To determine a single surgeons stricture rate in a series of 2-stage Ivor-Lewis procedures,and to identify any independent risk factors in their *** We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy performed from 2004-2018 to determine the stricture *** database comprised a single-surgeon series of open,two-stage oesophagectomies with a circular stapled intra-thoracic *** location,histology,neoadjuvant chemotherapy,stapler size,T-stage and R-status were analysed to see if they could predict stricture *** was defined as dysphagia requiring endoscopic *** with anastomotic leaks were excluded on the basis they would develop an anastomotic *** One hundred and seventy patients were collected in the *** were excluded on the basis of anastomotic leak,perioperative death and early *** hundred and fifty-four patients(119 males,35 females)with a mean age of 64±10 years were eligible for analysis.A total of 15 patients developed strictures a median of 99 d(interquartile range:84-133)after surgery,giving a Kaplan-Meier estimated stricture rate of 10%at one *** of the factors considered were found to be significantly associated with *** In this study the stricture rate was 10%,with the majority occurring in the first 100 d after *** significant independent factors were found in the deve

关键词： Oesophageal cancer Anastomosis Stricture Stapled Circular

Patient-reported dissatisfaction following second side in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第11期13卷 1029-1037页

作者： Eric Gruenberger Andrew S Bae tyler Kelly Brent A Ponce james McGrory The Hughston Foundation ColumbusGA 31909United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Jack Hughston Memorial HospitalPhenix CityAL 36867United States Department ofOrthopedic Surgery Hughston Foundation and Jack Hughston Memorial HospitalColumbusGA 31909United States

BACKGROUND Around one third of patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty(TKA)will eventually have the contralateral knee *** patient satisfaction after staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty procedures performed on different days is reportedly similar to unilateral ***,in our anecdotal experience patients often report less satisfying outcomes following the second side.A cursory review of available literature tended to confirm that *** sought therefore to consolidate all of the available data on this issue to further investigate this *** To consolidate available published data revealing satisfaction scores among patients following staged bilateral TKA,and to evaluate the phenomenon of less satisfying results following *** A systematic review of available literature reporting on satisfaction with TKA1 and TKA2 after staged bilateral knee arthroplasty was undertaken using PubMed,Google Scholar,and *** 427 records,five full-length articles met criteria for inclusion in the *** data were then extracted and assessed on the basis of the Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/).RESULTS A total of 1889 patients with an average age of 68(range:38–92)underwent staged bilateral TKA with outcomes reported at 1 year following each TKA with a mean 21.9 mo between surgeries(range:2 d to 14.5 years).Overall satisfaction with both knees was 83.70%(1581)and dissatisfaction with both knees was 2.75%(52).In the remaining 13.56%(256)who were dissatisfied with one side,61.0%were dissatisfied with TKA2,and 39.0%were dissatisfied with ***-reported outcome scores for TKA2 were frequently lower than TKA1 even in patients reporting overall satisfaction with both *** At 1-year follow-up,there was a 50%greater risk of dissatisfaction with TKA2 among the 13.56%of patients reporting dissatisfaction in one knee after staged bilateral *** the interval betwe

关键词： Staged Staggered Sequential Bilateral arthroplasty Total knee arthroplasty Patient-reported outcomes

Intrinsic carrier multiplication in layered Bi_(2)O_(2)Se avalanche photodiodes with gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 GHz

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1961-1966页

作者： Vinod K.Sangwan Joohoon Kang David Lam J.tyler Gish Spencer A.Wells Jan Luxa james P.Male GJeffrey Snyder Zdenek Sofer Mark C.Hersam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology PragueTechnicka 516628Prague 6Czech Republic Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Emerging layered semiconductors present multiple advantages for optoelectronic technologies including high carrier mobilities,strong light-matter interactions,and tunable optical absorption and ***,metal-semiconductor-metal avalanche photodiodes(APDs)are fabricated from Bi2O2Se crystals,which consist of electrostatically bound[Bi2O2]2+and[Se]2−*** resulting APDs possess an intrinsic carrier multiplication factor up to 400 at 7 K with a responsivity gain exceeding 3,000 A/W and bandwidth of~400 kHz at a visible wavelength of 515.6 nm,ultimately resulting in a gain bandwidth product exceeding 1 *** to exceptionally low dark currents,Bi2O2Se APDs also yield high detectivities up to 4.6×1014 Jones.A systematic analysis of the photocurrent temperature and bias dependence reveals that the carrier multiplication process in Bi2O2Se APDs is consistent with a reverse biased Schottky diode model with a barrier height of~44 meV,in contrast to the charge trapping extrinsic gain mechanism that dominates most layered semiconductor *** this manner,layered Bi2O2Se APDs provide a unique platform that can be exploited in a diverse range of high-performance photodetector applications.

关键词： layered semiconductor photodetector high-frequency Schottky diode impact ionization

卡尔文啤酒公司市场细分和市场定位的实证研究

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卡尔文啤酒公司市场细分和市场定位的实证研究

作者： Calvin james tyler 中国科学技术大学

学位级别：硕士

中国连续14年是世界上最大的啤酒生产国(2001-2016)。然而,从2014年开始,啤酒产量持续下降,这暗示着市场饱和的可能性。在产量下降的同时,中国市场上啤酒的销量和净收入却有所增长,这来自于中国市场对包括进口啤酒和精酿啤酒在内的高端... 详细信息

中国连续14年是世界上最大的啤酒生产国(2001-2016)。然而,从2014年开始,啤酒产量持续下降,这暗示着市场饱和的可能性。在产量下降的同时,中国市场上啤酒的销量和净收入却有所增长,这来自于中国市场对包括进口啤酒和精酿啤酒在内的高端啤酒需求量的增加。在过去的20年里,精酿啤酒在美国发展迅速,2015年占据21%的市场份额。在中国,据估算,精酿啤酒只占据不到1%的市场份额,这意味着其将有很大的发展前景。卡尔文啤酒公司是一个专注于生产和销售高端精酿啤酒的小型公司,其主要目标客户是合肥市的酒吧和饭店。然而,在两年多的运营和建设之后,卡尔文啤酒公司未能按照预期的增长速度发展。要使此公司获得战略优势,就要对其市场划分和产品定位进行准确的把握。笔者综合概述了相关的文献和理论,在此基础上设计了调查问卷来理解卡尔文啤酒公司目前的形势。在发放和收集问卷之后,基于数据分析,我们总结归纳了卡尔文啤酒公司目标客户的人[口统计特征和偏好,检验和修正了公司创立之初的提出的设想。本文最终目标是提供适用于卡尔文啤酒公司的市场推广策略,并为同类新兴的精酿啤酒市场提供参考。

关键词：卡尔文啤酒公司市场划分市场定位实证研究

The Evolving Role of Botanical Gardens and Natural Areas:A Floristic Case Study from Royal Botanical Gardens,Canada

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 123-131页

作者： David A.GALBRAITH Natalie E.IWANYCKI Brechann V.McGOEY Jamie McGREGOR james S.PRINGLE Carl J.ROTHFELS tyler W.SMITH Royal Botanical Gardens BurlingtonON University of Guelph GuelphON Duke University DurhamNC Eastern Kentucky University RichmondKY

As leaders calling for the conservation of the world's plants,botanical gardens protect plants within living *** also study,manage and restore plants in natural *** Botanical Gardens(Ontario,Canada) has integrated both horticultural and natural heritage in its mission for *** by municipal leaders in the 1920s as a combination of nature sanctuaries and civic gardens,RBG now includes forests,wetlands and other habitats,gardens and built *** RBG is Canada's largest botanical garden on the basis of *** the 1950s RBG began to inventory plant *** checklist of spontaneous vascular plants now exceeds 1 170 species,of which 752 are *** is 37% of Ontario's native vascular plants and 19% of the native vascular flora of *** RBG nature sanctuaries are among the richest locations in Canada for species-level *** examine the history of floristic exploration within RBG and compare plant species-area relationships among protected natural areas in *** comparison supports the contention that the nature sanctuaries,and in particular Cootes Paradise,could be considered an important area for plants in Canada,and relative to the nation's flora,a biodiversity *** fact that a candidate vascular plant hotspot for Canada lies within a major botanical garden presents opportunities for raising public awareness of the importance of plant diversity,as well as focusing attention on the scientific and conservation biology needs of communities and individual species in this area.

关键词： Botanical garden Ontario Natural areas Biodiversity Species-area curve Species richness

Molecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzyme Phosphoribulokinase in the Stramenopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting Mollusc Elysia chlorotica

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： Mary E. Rumpho Sirisha Pochareddy Jared M. Worful Elizabeth J. Summer Debashish Bhattacharya Karen N. Pelletreau Mary S. tyler Jungho Lee james R. Manhart Kara M. Soule Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzyme unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from the stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the mollusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the animal to survive for months solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-amino acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to complex （i.e. four membrane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzyme activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several months. Unlike the algal enzyme, PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from both sea slug and aposymbiotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragment also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several months.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast mollusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stramenopile symbiosis Vaucheria litorea.

No significant difference in clinically relevant findings between Pillcam~? SB3 and Pillcam~? SB2 capsules in a United States veteran population

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019年第2期11卷 124-132页

作者： tyler D Aasen David Wilhoite Aynur Rahman Kalpit Devani Mark Young james Swenson Gastroenterology Section East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine Gastroenterology Section Mountain Home Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy(CE) allows for a non-invasive small bowel evaluation for a wide range of gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms and diseases. Capsule technology has been rapidly advancing over recent years, often improving image frequency and quality. The Pillcam~? SB3(SB3) capsule is one such technology that offers an adaptive frame rate advantage over the previous versions of the capsule the Pillcam~? SB2(SB2). Some have proposed that this improvement in capsule technology may lead to increased diagnostic yields; however, real world clinical data is currently *** To evaluate the clinically relevant findings of SB3 and SB2 capsules in a population of United States *** A retrospective analysis of 260 consecutive CE studies was performed including130 SB3 and 130 SB2 capsule studies. Recorded variables included: age, gender,type of capsule, body mass index, exam completion, inpatient status, opioid use,diabetes, quality of preparation, gastric transit time, small bowel transit time,indication, finding, and if the exam resulted in a change in clinical *** primary outcome measured was the detection of clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 *** Mean age of the study population was 67.1 ± 10.4 years and 94.2% of patients were male. Of these 28.1% were on opioid users. The most common indications for capsule procedure were occult GI bleeding(74.6%) and overt GI bleeding(14.6%). Rates of incomplete exam were similar between SB3 and SB2 groups(16.9% vs 9.2%, P = 0.066). The overall rate of clinically relevant finding was48.9% in our study. No significant difference was observed in SB3 vs SB2 capsules for clinically relevant findings(46.2% vs 51.5%, P = 0.385) or change in clinical management(40.8% vs 50.0%, P = 0.135).CONCLUSION Our study found no significant difference in clinically relevant findings between SB3 and SB2 capsules.

关键词： Capsule Endoscopy Veterans Retrospective studies Capsules Gastrointestinal diseases SB3 SB2

Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11411-11427页

作者： tyler J Caron Kathleen E Scott james G Fox Susan J Hagen Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Division of Comparative Medicine Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer,tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach,or dysfunction in the infected stomach,however,are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells,claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules,each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging,because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore,the role of H. pylori virulence factors,such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin,in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo,likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study,as well,is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions,normally and in H. pylori infection,and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Tight junction Claudins Parace