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Geoparks： Celebrating Earth heritage, sustaining Local communities

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Episodes 2005年第4期28卷 274-278页

作者： Patrick J. mc keever Nickolas Zouros Geological Survey of Northern Ireland Colby House Stranmillis Court Belfast BT9 5BF Ireland. Department of Geography University of the Aegean University Hill Mytilene GR-81100 Hellenic Republic.

For too long Earth Science has been the poor relative to Natural Sciences when it comes to conservation, preservation and public promotion. Today, however, in 25 territories across Europe, a combination of Earth Scientists, economists, professional marketers and local people are working together to promote the geological heritage of their areas. These European Geoparks not only advance the protection of their geological heritage but they also use it, in a truly sustainable way, to promote the economic well-being of the people who live there. With the full endorsement of UNESCO, this concept of geoparks is spreading to other parts of the world and is rapidly developing into a global concept. This article looks in detail at the geopark idea -- exactly what geoparks are, how they function, and what benefits they can bring both to geology and to the public.

关键词：地质公园地貌地质条件生态系统地质多样性

Congenital peritoneal encapsulation: A review and novel classification system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第19期25卷 2294-2307页

作者： Aneesh Dave james mc Mahon Assad Zahid Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Medical School Edward Ford Building the University of Sydney

Congenital peritoneal encapsulation(CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE develops,however it is currently understood to be a result of an aberrant adhesion in the peritoneal lining of the physiological hernia in foetal mid-gut development. The condition was first described in 1868, and subsequently there have been only 45 case reports of the phenomenon. No formal, systematised review of CPE has yet been performed, meaning the condition remains poorly understood,underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Diagnosis of CPE remains clinical with important adjuncts provided by imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy. Two thirds of patients present with abdominal pain, likely secondary to sub-acute bowel obstruction. A fixed, asymmetrical distension of the abdomen and differential consistency on abdominal palpation are more specific clinical features present in approximately 10% of cases. CPE is virtually undetectable on plain imaging, and is only detected on 40% of patients with computed tomography scan. Most patients will undergo diagnostic laparotomy to confirm the *** of CPE includes both medical management of the critically-unstable patient and surgical laparotomy, partial peritonectomy and *** following prompt surgical treatment is excellent, with a majority of patients being symptom free at follow up. This review summarises the current literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We also introduce a novel classification system for encapsulating bowel diseases, which may distinguish CPE from the commoner, more morbid conditions of abdominal cocoon and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.

关键词： Congenital Encapsulation Peritoneum Cocoon Sclerosis

Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun Smith Joseph Meade james Gibbons Kevina mc Gill Declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCD School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

Painful intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation:from laboratory evidence to clinical interventions

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Bone Research 2021年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Feng-Juan Lyu Haowen Cui Hehai Pan Kenneth mc Cheung Xu Cao james C.Iatridis Zhaomin Zheng School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Spine Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Orthopedics&Traumatology The University of Hong KongHong KongSARChina Department of Orthopedic Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Leni and Peter W.May Department of Orthopedics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Pain Research Center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina

Low back pain(LBP),as a leading cause of disability,is a common musculoskeletal disorder that results in major social and economic *** research has identified inflammation and related signaling pathways as important factors in the onset and progression of disc degeneration,a significant contributor to *** mediators also play an indispensable role in discogenic *** suppression of LBP is a primary goal of clinical practice but has not received enough attention in disc research ***,an overview of the advances in inflammation-related pain in disc degeneration is provided,with a discussion on the role of inflammation in IVD degeneration and pain *** models,mechanical models,and spontaneous models as the main animal models to study painful disc degeneration are discussed,and the underlying signaling pathways are ***,potential drug candidates,either under laboratory investigation or undergoing clinical trials,to suppress discogenic LBP by eliminating inflammation are *** hope to attract more research interest to address inflammation and pain in IDD and contribute to promoting more translational research.

关键词： degeneration eliminating enough

Total pancreatectomy with islet cell transplantation vs intrathecal narcotic pump infusion for pain control in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第16期22卷 4160-4167页

作者： Mohamad Mokadem Lama Noureddine Thomas Howard Lee mc Henry Stuart Sherman Evan L Fogel james L Watkins Glen A Lehman Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa IA 52242 United States Community Health Network Indianapolis IN 46219 United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Indiana University Medical Center Indianapolis IN 46202 United States

AIM: To evaluate pain control in chronic pancreatitis patients who underwent total pancreatectomy with islet cell transplantation or intrathecal narcotic pump ***: We recognized 13 patients who underwent intrathecal narcotic pump(ITNP) infusion and 57 patients who underwent total pancreatectomy with autologous islet cell transplantation(TP + ICT) for chronic pancreatitis(CP) pain control between 1998 and 2008 at Indiana University Hospital. All patients had already failed multiple other modalities for pain control and the decision to proceed with either intervention was made at the discretion of the patients and their treating physicians. All patients were evaluated retrospectively using a questionnaire inquiring about their pain control(using a 0-10 pain scale), daily narcotic dose usage, and hospital admission days for pain control before each intervention and during their last follow-up. RESULTS: All 13 ITNP patients and 30 available TP + ICT patients were evaluated. The mean age was approximately 40 years in both groups. The median duration of pain before intervention was 6 years and 7 years in the ITNP and TP + ICT groups, respectively. The median pain score dropped from 8 to 2.5(on a scale of 0-10) in both groups on their last follow up. The median daily dose of narcotics also decreased from 393 mg equivalent of morphine sulfate to 8 mg in the ITNP group and from 300 mg to 40 mg in the TP + ICT group. No patient had diabetes mellitus(DM) before either procedure whereas 85% of those who underwent pancreatectomy were insulin dependent on their last evaluation despite ICT. CONCLUSION: ITNP and TP + ICT are comparable for pain control in patients with CP however with high incidence of DM among those who underwent TP + ICT. Prospective comparative studies and longer follow up are needed to better define treatment outcomes.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Intractable pain Total pancreatectomy Islet cell transplantation Intrathecal narcotic pump infusion

Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill-complexes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 4-5页

作者： Craig Magee james D Muirhead Alex Karvelas Simon P Holford Christopher A-L Jackson Ian D.Bastow Nick Schofield Carl TE Stevenson Charlotte mc Lean William mc Carthy Olga Shtukert Basins Research Group Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial CollegeLondon Department of Geological Sciences University of Idaho Schlumberger Multiclient Schlumberger House Buckingham Gate Australian School of Petroleum University of Adelaide Geology & Petroleum Geology School of Geosciences University of Aberdeen School of Geography Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of Glasgow Department of Earth Sciences University of St Andrews

The structure of upper crustal magma plumbing systems controls the distribution of volcanism and influences tectonic *** the structure and volume of plumbing systems is,however,difficult because:(1)active

关键词： Lateral Magma Flow in Mafic Sill-complexes

English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第2期5卷 197-204页

作者： Joshua M.Williams Jody L.Langdon james L.mc Millan Thomas A.Buckley Department of Intercollegiate Athletics Wagner College School of Health and Kinesiology Georgia Southern University Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology University of Delaware

Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the *** knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.

关键词： Concussion Concussion recovery Concussion reporting Football Mild traumatic brain injury RoCKAS

Eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor from Pennisetum purpureum biomass and synergistic intensifiers for mild steel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第10期24卷 1442-1447页

作者： Ekemini Ituen Abosede james Onyewuchi Akaranta Shuangqin Sun Materials Physics and Chemistry Research Laboratory College of ScienceChina University of PetroleumQingdao African Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research Institute of Petroleum StudiesUniversity of Port Harcourt Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry University of Port Harcourt

Extracts of elephant grass （Penniseturn purpureum） blended with some intensifier halides like ammonium chloride （Amc） and potassium iodide （PTI） were investigated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. The corrosion process was monitored in 3.5% HCI by mass loss and electrochemical techniques at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 ℃. Addition of Amc and PTI increased the inhibition efficiency with the highest inhibition efficiency obtained with PTI blend- ed extract. The blends behaved as mixed type inhibitors and were spontaneously adsorbed on mild steel surface in exothermic nature. Synergistic parameters of the intensifier ions revealed cooperative effect. Kinetic data treatment indicated increase in energy barrier by intensifier ions. The results demonstrate that elephant grass extract blended with halide ions can act as alternative ecofriendly inhibitor for mild steel at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Adsorption Charge transfer resistance Corrosion inhibitor formulations Electrochemical techniques Elephant grass

Large-scale forest inventories of the United States and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 272-287页

作者： james V Watson Jingjing Liang Patrick C Tobin Xiangdong Lei james S Rentch Catherine E Artis Davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and DesignWest Virginia University Forest Service U.S.Department of AgricultureNorthern Research Station School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry

Background： With the loss of species worldwide due to anthropogenic factors, especially in forested ecosystems, it has become more urgent than ever to understand the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship （BEFR）. BEFR research in forested ecosystems is very limited and thus studies that incorporate greater geographic coverage and structural complexity are needed. Methods： We compiled ground-measured data from approx, one half million forest inventory sample plots across the contiguous United States, Alaska, and northeastern China to map tree species richness, forest stocking, and productivity at a continental scale. Based on these data, we investigated the relationship between forest productivity and tree species diversity, using a multiple regression analysis and a non-parametric approach to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results： In general, forests in the eastern United States consisted of more tree species than any other regions in the country. The highest forest stocking values over the entire study area were concentrated in the western United States and Central Appalachia. Overall, 96.4 % of sample plots （477,281） showed a significant positive effect of species richness on site productivity, and only 3.6 % （17,349） had an insignificant or negative effect. Conclusions： The large number of ground-measured plots, as well as the magnitude of geographic scale, rendered overwhelming evidence in support of a positive BEFR. This empirical evidence provides insights to forest management and biological conservation across different types of forested ecosystems. Forest timber productivity may be impaired by the loss of species in forests, and biological conservation, due to its potential benefits on maintaining species richness and productivity, can have profound impacts on the functioning and services of forested ecosystems.

关键词： Tree species diversity Forest management Biological conservation Continental map of forest diversity Spatial autocorrelation Bootstrap