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Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1820-1826页

作者： Kate Beecher Louise m.Hafner Jenny Ekberg james A.St.John Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such as head trauma and skull base surgery damage the olfactory nerve which lead to olfactory dysfunction. Losing the sense of smell has considerable effects on quality of life and life-expectancy. Therefore, there is a clear need to find a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. One such potential treatment is growth factor therapy which showed promising results in the spinal cord and brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether combined delivery of two growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor treatment can improve the olfactory neurons regeneration in mice. The degeneration of the olfactory neurons was induced by unilateral bulbectomy. The treatment group received 1.5 μg of the combined growth factors intranasally, while the control injured group received saline. Growth factor treatment significantly increased the number of immature neurons at 5 and 7 days post injury and also the number of mature olfactory neurons at 10 and 14 days post bulbectomy. Regenerating axons extended over a larger volume in the operated cavity in the treatment group compared to control group at 14 days post bulbectomy. The growth factor treatment also significantly reduced astrocytic glia scar in the operated cavity. The results indicate that the combined delivery of the growth factors has the potential to improve olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： astrocytes olfactory bulb glial scar axon growth factors neuron

Sex,size,and prey caloric value affect diet specialization and consumption of an invasive prey by a native predator

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 499-507页

作者： Lauren E.HOSTERT Lauren m.PINTOR james E.BYERS School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Odum School of Ecology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Escaping the control of natural enemies is thought to heavily influence the establishment success and impact of non-native ***,we examined how the profitability of alternative prey in combination with the presence of a competitor and predator aggressive behavior explain individual differences in diet specialization and the consumption of the invasive green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus by the native mud crab predator Panopeus *** from bomb calorimetry estimates show that invasive *** has high caloric value relative to alternative native *** assays indicated that specialization and consumption of invasive *** was mostly exhibited by large,female ***,but the presence of a competitor and predator aggressiveness did not influence diet and the consumption of ***,intrinsic factors(e.g.,sex and body size)seem to explain consumption of *** ar\6 dietary specialization in ***,more *** there are still many predator individuals that do not consume ***,the proportion of individuals that have begun to specialize on *** suggests that for some,it has become more profitable relative to alternative native *** the high caloric value of ***,we suggest that it is likely that differences in the cost of its consumption,including attack,capture,and handling times relative to alternative prey,determine its net profitability to individual predators.

关键词： diet breadth optimal foraging theory enemy escape hypothesis competition aggressive behavior

Emissions and noise mitigation through use of electric motorcycles

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2019年第2期1卷 164-175页

作者： michael Hernandez Kara m.Kockelman james O.Lentz Jooyong Lee Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin301 E Dean KeetonECJSuite 6.9AustinTX 78712-1076USA

Gasoline-powered motorcycles contribute disproportionately to traffic noise and emissions,so motorcycle electrification merits *** advances in battery efficiency allow electric motorcycles(EmCs)to join electric cars and bicycles as a viable consumer *** study quantifies noise and emissions using both simulations and experimental data,examines the factors that make motorcycles big offender and uses popular EmC makes and models to estimate the costs and benefits of electrification in the *** produce more CO,CH4,NOx,HC and particulate matter per vehicle-mile travelled than passenger *** to limited regulation of motorcycles and weak enforcement,the perceived noise level of motorcycles exceeds that of most other vehicles,being roughly double those of automobiles at speeds of over 30 mph and surpassing even those of medium trucks and buses at speeds of over 50 mph,at which point motorcycles exceeds the 80 dBA US standard *** can resolve such issues,although range limitations and high prices are presently a barrier to widespread *** order to realize these environmental benefits,it is important that electrification occurs with a corresponding shift away from coal as an energy *** emission regulations and stronger enforcement of existing prohibitions on certain forms of customization could also reduce the outlier status of gasoline-powered motorcycles.

关键词： motorcycles electric motorcycles motorcycle emissions motorcycle sound emissions electrification

Characterization of coal using electron spin resonance： implications for the formation of inertinite macerals in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第3期5卷 385-398页

作者： Ofentse m. moroeng Jonathan m. Keartland R. james Roberts Nicola J. Wagner Department of Geology University of JohannesburgP.O. Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Department of Geology University of Pretoria Mineral Sciences Building Pretoria 0002 South Africa School of Physics and materials Physics Institute University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

Coal contains a significant concentration of free radicals as a result of the coalification process. One of the experimental methods sensitive to the presence of radicals is electron spin resonance （ESR）, and differences in ESR spectra for different macerals may provide insight into coal-forming processes. In this study, ESR data along with the H/C atomic ratio （to infer the aromatic fraction） are used to characterize coal samples with the aim of assessing a fire-origin for dominant inertinite macerals. A medium rank C bituminous Witbank No. 4 Seam Upper coal （the parent） was density- fractionated to create vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich samples. The parent sample consists of 42 vol% vitrinite and 49 vol% inertinite. The density-fractionated samples comprise of 81 vol% total vitrinite （dominated by collotelinite and collodetrinite）, and 63 vol% total inertinite （dominated by fusinite, semifusinite, and inertodetrinite）. The H/C ratio is 0.74 for the inertinite-rich sample, and 0.85 for the vitrinite-rich counterpart, suggesting the former sample is more aromatic. The ESR spectra obtained for the three samples were found to fit best using a Lorentzian distribution. The fit is noticeably better for the aromatic inertinite-rich sample, for which the spectrum is symmetric. This is attributed to pronounced electron mobility and exchange interactions. The higher radical content of the inertinite-rich and parent samples is attributed to the presence of specific inertinite macerals, namely： fusinite, semifusinite, and inertodetrinite. And, owing to the greater radical content of the inertinite-rich sample, the dominant inertinite macerals are interpreted to have formed through charring of plant matter.

关键词： main Karoo Basin Radical contents Origin pathways Charring Fusinite Semifusinite

Rapunzel syndrome is not just a mere surgical problem: A case report and review of current management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第2期5卷 50-55页

作者： Obinna Obinwa David Cooper Faraz Khan james m O'Riordan Department of Surgery the Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital

Recurrent Rapunzel syndrome(RRS) is a rare clinical presentation with fewer than six cases reported in the Pub med literature. A report of RRS and literature review is presented. A 25-year-old female was admitted to hospital with a 4-wk history of epigastric pain and swelling. She had a known history of trichophagia with a previous admission for Rapunzel syndrome requiring a laparotomy nine years earlier, aged 16. Psychological treatment had been successfully achieved for nine years with outpatient hypnotherapy sessions only, but she defaulted on her last session due to stressors at home. The abdominal examination demonstrated an epigastric mass. Computer tomography scan revealed a large gastric bezoar and features of aspiration pneumonia. The patient underwent emergency open surgical laparotomy for removal as the bezoar could not be removed endoscopically. The bezoar was cast in a shape that mimicked the contours of the stomach and proximal small bowel, hence the diagnosis of RRS. The patient was seen by a psychiatrist and was commenced on Quetiapine before discharge. She continues to attend follow-up.

关键词： Trichobezoars Rapunzel syndrome Recurrence Obsessive compulsive disorders Case report

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In memoriam:*** ***

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 485-489页

作者： Dennis C.Flanagan Richard m.Cruse james L.Baker Paige Chyu USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agricultural&Biosystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation BeijingChina

The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when *** matthew Laflen(Fig.1)*** one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the *** article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.

关键词： soil hundreds professional

FAK and Pyk2 in disease

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第1期11卷 1-9页

作者： james m. murphy Hyeonsoo Park Ssang-Taek Steve Lim Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology College of Medicine University of South Alabama Mobile Alabama 36688 USA

Focal adhesion kinase （FAK） and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 （Pyk2） are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases that are involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. Current research of FAK and Pyk2 is greatly focused in cancer biology and several small molecule inhibitors are being tested under clinical development. Like cancer, certain chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, bone disease, fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders, share malignant characteristics of cancer. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that FAK and Pyk2 contribute to other proliferative and degenerative diseases. Thus, the goal of this review is to briefly highlight studies that have implicated FAK and Pyk2 as players in disease progression.

关键词： FAK Pyk2 FRNK disease

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation for end-stage renal failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Current perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第5期13卷 208-220页

作者： Lakshmi Nagendra Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology JSS Medical CollegeJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysore 570015India Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1Dm)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1Dm poses significant challenges for clinicians across the world,especially when associated with CKD and *** increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with *** pancreas-kidney transplant(SPK)is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1Dm for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several ***,limited availability of the organs for transplantation,the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection,peri-and post-operative complications of SPK,lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers,and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the *** clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1Dm and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes mellitus Chronic kidney disease End-stage renal failure Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation Perioperative complications Immunosuppression

Perinatal Listeria monocytogenes susceptibility despite preconceptual priming and maintenance of pathogen-specific CD8^＋ T cells during pregnancy

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 595-605页

作者： Dayna R Clark Vandana Chaturvedi Jeremy m Kinder Tony T Jiang Lijun Xin james m Ertelt Sing Sing Way Division of Infectious Diseases Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA

Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） is an intracellular bacterium with unique predisposition for systemic maternal infection during pregnancy and morbid consequences for the developing fetus. Given the high mortality associated with prenatal Lm infection, strategies for augmenting protective immunity during the exceedingly vulnerable period of pregnancy are urgently needed. Herein, protection conferred by attenuated Lm administered before pregnancy against subsequent virulent Lm prenatal infection was evaluated. We show that protection against secondary Lm infection in non-pregnant mice is sharply moderated during allogeneic pregnancy because significantly more bacteria are recovered from maternal tissues, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-specific CD8^＋ T cells. more importantly, preconceptual priming does not protect against in utero invasion or fetal wastage because mice inoculated with attenuated Lm prior to pregnancy and naive pregnant controls each showed near complete fetal resorption and pathogen recovery from individual concepti after Lm infection during pregnancy. Remarkably, the lack of protection against prenatal Lm infection with preconceptual priming in allogeneic pregnancy is restored during syngeneic pregnancy. Thus, maternal-fetal antigen discordance dictates the ineffectiveness of preconceptual vaccination against fetal complications after prenatal Lm infection, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-snecific CD8^＋ T cells.

关键词： adaptive immunity Listeria monocytogenes perinatal infection preconceptual vaccination