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Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials 2021年第3期11卷 47-61页

作者： m.am.e Polline james m. mutua Thom.s Ochuku m.uya Kyekyere Ernest Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical & m.nufacturing Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Recycled polypropylene filam.nts for fused filam.nt fabrication were investigated with and without 14 wt% short fibre carbon reinforcem.nts. The m.crostructure and m.chanical properties of the filam.nts and 3D printed specim.ns were characterized using scanning electron m.croscopy and standard tensile testing. It was observed that recycled polypropylene filam.nts with 14 wt% short carbon fibre reinforcem.nt contained pores that were dispersed throughout the m.crostructure of the filam.nt. A two-stage filam.nt extrusion process was observed to im.rove the spatial distribution of carbon fibre reinforcem.nt but did not reduce the pores. Recycled polypropylene filam.nts without reinforcem.nt extruded at high screw speeds above 20 rpm.contained a centreline cavity but no spatially distributed pores. However, this cavity is elim.nated when extrusion is carried out at screw speeds below 20 rpm. For 3D printed specim.ns, interlayer cavities were observed larger for specim.ns printed from.14 wt% carbon fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene than those printed from.unreinforced filam.nts. The values of tensile strength for the filam.nts were 21.82 MPa and 24.22 MPa, which reduced to 19.72 MPa and 22.70 MPa, respectively, for 3D printed samples using the filaments. Likewise, the young’s modulus of the filaments was 1208.6 MPa and 1412.7 MPa, which reduced to 961.5

m.them.tical m.del Developm.nt and 3D Printing of Cylindrically Shaped Biofilm.Carrier m.dia from.Recycled Plastic Waste for Wastewater Treatm.nt

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2022年第1期13卷 15-31页

作者： Selam. Basile Nyuysoni james m. mutua Patrick G. Hom. Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of Soil Water and Environmental Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Wastewater m.nagem.nt and purification rem.in one of the greatest problem. of m.nkind. The biological wastewater treatm.nt technique uses a biofilm.m.dia carrier where m.croorganism. attach them.elves to the surface. This biofilter is usually m.de from.virgin plastic pellets and can also be produced from.recycled waste plastic and used in wastewater treatm.nt. The need to treat water using low-cost carrier m.dia has led to finding alternative sources of m.terials for biofilter m.nufacturing. Therefore, this work is centered on the recycling of waste plastic to m.ke filam.nts which are then used for 3D printing of a high specific surface area (SSA) less clogging biofilm.carrier through the param.tric redesign. In the current study, the polypropylene m.terial was recycled to m.ke a 2.85 m. diam.ter filam.nt com.atible with the Ultim.ker S3. m.reover, analytical m.dels and governing equations were developed for the design of the K3 Kaldnes and m.3 m.dia. Em.irical surface area (SA), specific surface area, and volum. of the respective carriers were determ.ned using the m.del developed. SolidWorks was used to design and evaluate the sam. param.ters which were then com.ared to m.del results. The errors in SSA obtained from.the m.del with respect to the SolidWorks results for both the K3 Kaldnes and m.3 m.dia were 0.34% and 0.76% respectively. With these sm.ll error m.rgins, the m.del can serve as a tool and guideline for the designing of cylindrically shaped carriers. By transform.ng plastics into biofilters, waste plastics are m.pped up reducing pollutions. Consequently, the deploym.nt of such biofilters will enhance efficient wastewater treatm.nt for a cleaner environm.nt and the wellbeing of hum.n race.

关键词： Specific Surface Area Recycling Cylindrically Shaped Carriers Clogging Passage Diam.ter

Developm.nt and Evaluation of Recycled Polypropylene and Bean Pod Powder Com.osite Biom.terial for Fused Filam.nt Fabrication

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2023年第3期13卷 31-48页

作者： Felix Sotohou james W. m.angi james m. mutua Erick K. Ronoh Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Juja Kenya Departm.nt of m.chatronic Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Departm.nt of Agricultural and Biosystem. Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Approxim.tely 450 m.llion tons of plastic and agricultural waste are produced each year in the world. Only a sm.ll portion of this plastic waste is recycled, and a sm.ll portion of this agricultural waste is used as fuel or fertilizer, and the rest of this waste is left in the environm.nt or is burned, resulting in environm.ntal and air pollution. For proper disposal, plastic and agricultural waste can be used in the m.nufacture of com.osites as raw m.terials. In this study, we had evaluated the use of bean pod powder (BPp) was used as natural reinforcing filler in recycled polypropylene (rPP) based com.osites. BPp/rPP com.osite filam.nts were developed using the extrusion m.thod and the sam.les were printed by Fused Filam.nt Fabrication (FFF). Com.osites with rPP m.trix containing different weight fractions of BPp (5%, 10% and 15%) were fabricated to observe and com.are the m.chanical properties (tensile, flexural, and com.ressive strength) of the filam.nt com.osites. In addition, the filam.nt surface was analyzed for roughness and particle size of bean pod powder. The results established that BPp/rPP com.osites exhibited better tensile, flexural, and com.ressive strength than rPP and pure PP. By adding 5 wt% BPp, the tensile strength of rPP increased from.20.4 m.a to 22.8 m.a. The highest flexural strength (15.05 m.a) was obtained at 5 wt% BPp am.ng all com.osites and the highest com.ressive strength (24.5 m.a), was obtained at 10 wt% BPp. Therefore, it can be concluded that by carefully selecting the ratio of BPp to bean pod powder, it is therefore possible to positively influence the m.chanical properties of the resulting com.osite.

关键词： Pollution Com.osite Fused Filam.nt Fabrication m.chanical Properties

Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： Patrick Ssem.jju Lubowa Hiram.Ndiritu Peter Oketch james mutua Departm.nt of m.chanical and m.chatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biom.ss waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste stream. that can be transform.d into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biom.ss into m.re valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The m.jor com.onents of the system.include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biom.ss external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm.and a varying operating tem.erature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 m.nutes. The m.ss of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 m. - 4.75 m.. The results show that the higher the tem.erature, the m.re volum. of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating rate of 10˚C/m.n. The Fourier transform.tion Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil com.onents. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m.sup>3, and a calorific value of 17.5 m./kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated com.ounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the m.in com.ounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate m.terial production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technology Coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transform.tion Infrared Analysis

Probing turbulence in galaxies with fast radio burst scintillation

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： james m.Cordes Departm.nt of Astronom. the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(ISS)is a well-known phenom.non observed from.pulsars in the m.lky *** com.rises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from.m.ltipath propagation,which is due to diffraction from.fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar m.dium.ISm.on scales as sm.ll as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process com.ined with discrete structures in electron density from.other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence

Acute worsening of m.crovascular com.lications of diabetes m.llitus during rapid glycem.c control:The pathobiology and therapeutic im.lications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chronic hyperglycaem.a resulting from.poorly controlled diabetes m.llitus(Dm.is a well-known precursor to com.lications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonom.c neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these com.lications can rarely occur with aggressive glycem.c m.nagem.nt resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated ***,acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes are m.re com.on am.ng these com.lications,rarely other problem. such as album.nuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also *** World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these com.lications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic fem.le intensely m.naged during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et *** is essential to have a com.rehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and m.nagem.nt strategies for acute onset,or worsening of m.crovascular com.lications when rapid glycem.c control is achieved,which serves to alleviate patient m.rbidity,enhance disease m.nagem.nt com.liance,and possibly to avoid m.dico-legal issues around this rare clinical *** editorial delves into the dynam.cs surrounding the acute exacerbation of m.crovascular com.lications in poorly controlled Dm.during rapid glycaem.c control.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus m.crovascular com.lications Diabetic retinopathy Treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Diabetes and tuberculosis:An em.rging dual threat to healthcare

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)rem.ins a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** m.llitus(Dm.is an im.ortant risk factor for the developm.nt and perpetuation of TB owing to the im.une dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the sam. individual also aggravates disease severity,com.lications,and chance of treatm.nt failure because of gross im.une alterations posed by Dm.as well as *** com.lex cellular and hum.ral im.unological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and Dm.som. of which rem.in unknown even *** is highly im.ortant to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with Dm.and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and m.nagem.nt to prevent com.lications from.this om.nous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the developm.nt of TB in a large cohort of Dm.patients from.*** such research output from.different regions of the world is expected to im.rove our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes m.llitus Im.une dysfunction Treatm.nt failure m.lti-drug resistant tuberculosis

Diabetic cardiom.opathy:Em.rging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiom.opathy(DbCm.is a com.on but underrecognized com.lication of patients with diabetes m.llitus(Dm..Although the pathobiology of other cardiac com.lications of diabetes such as ischem.c heart disease and cardiac autonom.c neuropathy are m.stly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the m.chanism. and m.nagem.nt options for DbCm.are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCm.presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from.prom.t control of Dm.with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic m.dications,disease-m.difying therapy for DbCm.includes prom.t control of hypertension and dyslipidem.a inherent to patients with Dm.as in other form. of heart diseases and the use of treatm.nts with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic m.use m.dels with *** this prelim.nary basic study m.ght help to im.rove our understanding of DbCm.and offer a potential new m.nagem.nt option for patients with the disease,the positive results from.such anim.l m.dels m.ght not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCm.in hum.ns could be ***,such experim.ntal studies can encourage m.re scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigm.tic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiom.opathy Diabetic cardiom.opathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

Non-pharm.cological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are we winning the battle?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable m.dalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a knowledge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus lim.ted available in-terventions for sym.tom.control and curtailing disease *** pharm.-cologic aspect of m.nagem.nt is m.inly centred on pain control,however,there are several im.ortant aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception which are associated with risks to lower lim. health,which pharm.cotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharm.cologic interventions such as glycaem.c control through dietary m.dification and exercise need to be com.ined with other m.asures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,however m.dest *** is em.rging as an im.ortant treatm.nt m.dality for several chronic m.dical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the World Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN sym.tom. and enhance nerve conduction param.ters,Hoerder et al have been able to dem.nstrate that acupuncture im.roves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained two m.nths after treatm.nt *** previous studies also support these findings,larger m.lti-center random.zed control trials including a sham.controlled arm.accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture m.y becom. an im.ortant aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes m.llitus Pharm.cotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharm.cological intervention

A holistic approach to im.roving safety for battery energy storage system.

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.John Chew Sem.li Perera Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iom.saic International Lim.ted 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage system.(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and num.rous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the m.nagem.nt and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the m.in challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing therm.l runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm.shift is required to im.rove BESS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** com.ines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lum.ed cell m.them.tical m.delling,and calorim.try,alongside additional m.asures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirem.nt for com.utational fluid dynam.cs and kinetic m.delling,assessm.nt of installation level testing of the full BESS system.and not sim.ly a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chrom.tography,and com.osition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aim. to address challenges of BESS safety and form.the basis of a paradigm.shift in the safety m.nagem.nt and design of these system..

关键词： Energy storagesystem. Process safety Battery safety Therm.l safety