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The taxonom.c status of the Late Cretaceous drom.eosaurid Linheraptor exquisitus and its im.lications for drom.eosaurid system.tics

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古脊椎动物学报 2015年第1期53卷 29-62页

作者： XU Xing m.chael PITTm.N Corwin SULLIVAN Jonah N. CHOINIERE TAN Qing-Wei james m. clark m.rk A. NORELL WANG Shuo Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Hum.n Origins of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Vertebrate Palaeontology Laboratory Life and Planetary Evolution Research Group Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China Evolutionary Studies Institute Centre of Excellence: Palaeontology University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg WITS 2050 South Africa Long Hao Institute of Geology and Paleontology Hohhot 010010 China Departm.nt of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA Division of Paleontology American Museum of Natural History New York 10024 USA University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The drom.eosaurid Linheraptor exquisitus was nam.d in 2010 based on a nearly com.lete skeleton recovered from.the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Form.tion at the Gate Locality, in Bayan m.ndahu, western Nei m.ngol, China. However, three recent studies regarded L. exquisitus as a subjective junior synonym.of Tsaagan m.ngas, a drom.eosaurid from.the Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Form.tion of the Ukhaa Tolgod locality, m.ngolia. Here we refute this synonym. based on 61 m.rphological features that distinguish L. exquisitus from.T. m.ngas. m.ny of these features are based on new observations from.previously unprepared areas of the L. exquisitus holotype, m.st notably from.the left lateral side of the skull. These observations underscore and strengthen our original taxonom.c separation of L. exquisitus and T. m.ngas. Evidence from.L. exquisitus points to an unexpectedly com.lex distribution of derived osteological features am.ngst drom.eosaurids, because this species possesses features that were previously identified as autapom.rphies of T. m.ngas or indeed of various other drom.eosaurids. Our review dem.nstrates that the proposed synonym. between L. exquisitus and T. m.ngas ignores m.ny subtle m.rphological variations. Increased taxonom.c sam.ling breaks down seem.ngly obvious diagnostic differences into m.re subtle m.rphological variations, which are potentially of great im.ortance for fine-scale phylogenetic analyses. Rigorous quantitative m.thods using continuous data represent a prom.sing way to exploit this type of inform.tion in future system.tic studies.

关键词：动物学古脊椎动物学研究发展

Probing turbulence in galaxies with fast radio burst scintillation

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： james m.Cordes Departm.nt of Astronom. the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(ISS)is a well-known phenom.non observed from.pulsars in the m.lky *** com.rises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from.m.ltipath propagation,which is due to diffraction from.fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar m.dium.ISm.on scales as sm.ll as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process com.ined with discrete structures in electron density from.other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence

The NORE1A/RASSF5 Tum.r Suppressor Form. a Com.lex with GSK-3β to Regulate β-Catenin

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第8期12卷 60-75页

作者： m. Lee Schm.dt Howard Donninger Geoffrey J. clark Departm.nt Pharm.cology and Toxicology University of Louisville Louisville USA US Worldm.ds LouisvilleUSA Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Louisville Louisville USA Experim.ntal Therapeutics Program James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville USA

NORE1A (RASSF5) is a tum.r suppressor of the RASSF fam.ly that is often down-regulated in hum.n tum.rs. NORE1A has m.ltiple roles in controlling cellular hom.ostasis, one of them.being regulating levels of β-catenin by binding and m.dulating the ubiquitin ligase substrate recognition factor β-TrCP. β-catenin is a m.jor executor of the Wnt pathway. The ubiquitin SCF-β-TrCP ligase com.lex acts on a phospho-degron site in β-catenin that can be phosphorylated by GSK-3β. We now show that in addition to binding β-TrCP, NORE1A also prom.tes the phosphorylation of the β-catenin phospho-degron by com.lexing with the kinase GSK-3β. Indeed, NORE1A enhances the form.tion of a GSK-3β/β-TrCP com.lex. A structural m.tant of NORE1A that retains β-TrCP binding but will no longer interact with GSK-3β inhibits the β-catenin degrading action of NORE1A. The GSK-3β interaction with NORE1A plays an im.ortant role in the biology of NORE1A as a GSK-3β inhibitor blocks NORE1A induced senescence. Thus, we identify a new role for the tum.r suppressor NORE1A: The regulation of GSK-3β. GSK-3β has m.ny other substrates including m.ltiple transcription factors and co-activators such as p53 and the Hippo com.onent TAZ. The work im.lies that NORE1A m.y be able to influence all of them.via this new kinase scaffolding interaction.

关键词： RAS NORE1A RASSF5 GSK-3β Beta Catenin HIPPO

Acute worsening of m.crovascular com.lications of diabetes m.llitus during rapid glycem.c control:The pathobiology and therapeutic im.lications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chronic hyperglycaem.a resulting from.poorly controlled diabetes m.llitus(Dm.is a well-known precursor to com.lications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonom.c neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these com.lications can rarely occur with aggressive glycem.c m.nagem.nt resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated ***,acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes are m.re com.on am.ng these com.lications,rarely other problem. such as album.nuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also *** World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these com.lications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic fem.le intensely m.naged during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et *** is essential to have a com.rehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and m.nagem.nt strategies for acute onset,or worsening of m.crovascular com.lications when rapid glycem.c control is achieved,which serves to alleviate patient m.rbidity,enhance disease m.nagem.nt com.liance,and possibly to avoid m.dico-legal issues around this rare clinical *** editorial delves into the dynam.cs surrounding the acute exacerbation of m.crovascular com.lications in poorly controlled Dm.during rapid glycaem.c control.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus m.crovascular com.lications Diabetic retinopathy Treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Diabetes and tuberculosis:An em.rging dual threat to healthcare

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)rem.ins a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** m.llitus(Dm.is an im.ortant risk factor for the developm.nt and perpetuation of TB owing to the im.une dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the sam. individual also aggravates disease severity,com.lications,and chance of treatm.nt failure because of gross im.une alterations posed by Dm.as well as *** com.lex cellular and hum.ral im.unological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and Dm.som. of which rem.in unknown even *** is highly im.ortant to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with Dm.and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and m.nagem.nt to prevent com.lications from.this om.nous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the developm.nt of TB in a large cohort of Dm.patients from.*** such research output from.different regions of the world is expected to im.rove our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes m.llitus Im.une dysfunction Treatm.nt failure m.lti-drug resistant tuberculosis

Diabetic cardiom.opathy:Em.rging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiom.opathy(DbCm.is a com.on but underrecognized com.lication of patients with diabetes m.llitus(Dm..Although the pathobiology of other cardiac com.lications of diabetes such as ischem.c heart disease and cardiac autonom.c neuropathy are m.stly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the m.chanism. and m.nagem.nt options for DbCm.are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCm.presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from.prom.t control of Dm.with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic m.dications,disease-m.difying therapy for DbCm.includes prom.t control of hypertension and dyslipidem.a inherent to patients with Dm.as in other form. of heart diseases and the use of treatm.nts with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic m.use m.dels with *** this prelim.nary basic study m.ght help to im.rove our understanding of DbCm.and offer a potential new m.nagem.nt option for patients with the disease,the positive results from.such anim.l m.dels m.ght not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCm.in hum.ns could be ***,such experim.ntal studies can encourage m.re scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigm.tic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiom.opathy Diabetic cardiom.opathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

Non-pharm.cological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are we winning the battle?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable m.dalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a knowledge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus lim.ted available in-terventions for sym.tom.control and curtailing disease *** pharm.-cologic aspect of m.nagem.nt is m.inly centred on pain control,however,there are several im.ortant aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception which are associated with risks to lower lim. health,which pharm.cotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharm.cologic interventions such as glycaem.c control through dietary m.dification and exercise need to be com.ined with other m.asures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,however m.dest *** is em.rging as an im.ortant treatm.nt m.dality for several chronic m.dical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the World Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN sym.tom. and enhance nerve conduction param.ters,Hoerder et al have been able to dem.nstrate that acupuncture im.roves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained two m.nths after treatm.nt *** previous studies also support these findings,larger m.lti-center random.zed control trials including a sham.controlled arm.accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture m.y becom. an im.ortant aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes m.llitus Pharm.cotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharm.cological intervention

Carbon dioxide enrichm.nt affected flower num.ers transiently and increased successful post-pollination developm.nt stably but without altering final acorn production in m.ture pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan m.Clory Richard H.Ellis m.rtin Lukac Jo clark Carolina m.yoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob m.cKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birm.ngham.Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as m.sting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in com.ercial tree planting each *** em.ssions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** exam.ne if acorn production in m.ture woodland com.unities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from.a Free Air Carbon Enrichm.nt(FACE)experim.nt in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for num.ers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of developm.nt and their predation levels under am.ient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn num.ers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest num.ers of m.ture acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but alm.st none in *** num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,im.ature acorns,em.ty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied am.ngst years;com.aratively high num.ers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit m.turation m.sting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn developm.nt affects m.ture acorn num.ers greatly).Raising the atm.spheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from.early 2017,increased the num.ers of im.ature acorns,and all acorn evidence(em.ty cups+im.ature acorns+m.ture acorns)detected in the litter traps com.ared to am.ient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,em.ty cups,or m.ture *** num.er of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichm.nt began,whereas num.ers declined in am.ient *** with CO_(2) also increased the num.er o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns m.sting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

A holistic approach to im.roving safety for battery energy storage system.

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.John Chew Sem.li Perera Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iom.saic International Lim.ted 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage system.(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and num.rous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the m.nagem.nt and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the m.in challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing therm.l runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm.shift is required to im.rove BESS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** com.ines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lum.ed cell m.them.tical m.delling,and calorim.try,alongside additional m.asures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirem.nt for com.utational fluid dynam.cs and kinetic m.delling,assessm.nt of installation level testing of the full BESS system.and not sim.ly a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chrom.tography,and com.osition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aim. to address challenges of BESS safety and form.the basis of a paradigm.shift in the safety m.nagem.nt and design of these system..

关键词： Energy storagesystem. Process safety Battery safety Therm.l safety