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Optimization of modified clean fractionation of prairie cordgrass

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第2期5卷 42-51页

作者： Iwona Cybulska Hanwu lei james julson Grzegorz Brudecki Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota 57007 USA Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biological Systems EngineeringWashington State UniversityRichlandWashington 99352 USA

In this study,modified clean fractionation process was optimized for prairie cordgrass,with usage of alternative organic constituent-ethyl *** constituents of the solvent mixture included ethanol and *** fractionation solvent was used in different proportions of the *** efficiency was determined by lignin recovery,solvent composition,as well as time and temperature applied to each sequential *** yield during enzymatic hydrolysis and overall pretreatment were *** conditions(125℃,37 min,with the solvent composition of ester:ethanol:water=32.5:22.5:45)yielded a 20%lignin recovery,38%glucose yield during enzymatic hydrolysis and 26%xylose recovery in aqueous fraction.

关键词： biofuel clean fractionation prairie cordgrass enzymatic hydrolysis lignocellulosic ethanol ethyl acetate biomass organosolv pretreatment

Effect of nanoparticles on the nucleation and agglomeration rates of hydrate growth using THF-water clathrates

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Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 467-476页

作者： Syed Y.Nahri james l.Nielsen Yuanhang Chen Craft and Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Four types of nanoparticles,amorphous carbon,ironⅢoxide,SiO2,and amino-coated SiO2,were tested to determine changes in tetrahydrofuran-water(THF-water)clathrate hydrate nucleation and *** were experimentally found to determine their viability for preventing natural gas hydrates from developing during offshore drilling ***-water clathrates were chosen as a model to represent gas hydrate growth at atmospheric *** of each nanoparticle between 0.15%and 1.0%by weight were tested as a kinetic inhibitor to hydrate *** were repeated at various temperatures below the formation temperature of 4.4℃for THF-water clathrate *** were made to identify how the concentration of THF affects the clathrate hydrates forming under static conditions between20%and 30%by mole of *** primary tests in this study were performed using a 20:80 THF/water *** increases during hydrate nucleation for THF-water were measured between-5 and 3℃.The range of ideal nanoparticle concentrations was found to be between 0.15%and 0.45%by weight for optimal static,kinetic inhibition of hydrate *** approximately 0.3%by weight,the most significant inhibition was observed under static conditions for all four types of nanoparticles *** found that functionalized amino-coated SiO2 nanoparticles,across all tests,significantly increased the time required for the formation of THF-water clathrate hydrates compared to the other three non-functionalized *** amorphous carbon and ironⅢoxide nanoparticles performed similarly across each test and were both the least effective in their inhibition of the clathrate hydrates of the four nanoparticles studied compared to a control.

关键词： Nanoparticles Gas hydrates Clathrates Hydrate inhibition Functionalized nanoparticles

Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) under laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu james Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred Kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus l. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

Western Imperialism and Military Reform in Japan and China

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第3期7卷 404-414页

作者： james l. Hevia Department of History The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

This paper compares the initial efforts at military reform in China and Japan in the late nineteenth century. Changes in military organization and training are situated within a global process of military transformation represented by changes in the structure of the Prussian army. The Prussian staff system and planning program were imported into both Japan and China, but with quite different results. The paper contrasts centralization and standardization as typified by the new Japanese army with the decentered approaches in China. The paper argues that although there was substantive change in China, the Qing state was unable to impose a uniform plan for military Westernization. As a result, the new armies were never integrated into a common organization capable of defending the state from external aggression.

关键词： Prussian military model General Staff army reform Japan armyreform China drill and maneuvers arsenals Indian Army Intelligence Branch,centralized military planning

Herbivory effects of Argopistes tsekooni, a chrysomelid beetle, on container-grown Chinese privet, ligustrum sinense

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 203-208页

作者： Yan-Zhuo Zhang james l. Hanula Jiang-Hua Sun State Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Athens GA USA

The impact ofArgopistes tsekooni Chen （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, a herbivore, on Chinese privet, ligustrum sinense lout. （Scrophulariales： Oleaceae）, an invasive shrub in the United States, was studied in China. Five densities of adults were inoc- ulated into 3-year-old potted Chinese privet plants in cages under field conditions for 1 month. Plants exposed to high densities of adults were severely damaged and the aboveground portions of some were killed, while the survival rates of adult A. tsekooni were comparatively high. The amount of new growth of the main stem, the number of new leaves, and oven-dried biomass were significantly reduced by the combined feeding of larvae and adults. Above-ground plant mortality was 100% when plants were exposed to 24 and 30 adults/plant. In this study A. tsekooni had a significant negative impact on Chinese privet growing in pots, which suggests that it may be a promising candidate for biological control of Chinese privet in the field in North America.

关键词： biological control Chrysomelidae Coleoptera Oleaceae plant mortality,pre-release efficacy assessment

Mathematical approach for understanding deagglomeration behaviour of drug powder in formulations with coarse carrier

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015年第6期10卷 501-512页

作者： Irene Parisini james l.Collett Darragh Murnane Department of Pharmacy University of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Pharmaceutical&Preclinical Development Department Aptuit SrlVeronaItaly Science&Technology Research Institute University of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK

Deagglomeration of cohesive particles in combination with coarse carrier is a key requirement for inhaled *** aim of the project was to propose a mathematical approach to understand aerosolization behaviour of micronized particles alone and in formulation with *** sulphate and salmeterol xinafoate were blended separately with fine lactose(ratio 1:4)and fine and coarse lactose(1:4:63.5).laser diffraction was employed to characterize the powder median particle *** deagglomeration of micronized materials followed an asymptotic monoexponential *** the coarse lactose was added,the relationship fitted a bi-exponential equation showing an easily and a poorly dispersed *** model hydrophobic and hydrophilic APIs,this study has demonstrated the utility of an analytical approach that can parameterize deagglomeration behaviour of carrier-free and carrier-based inhalation *** analytical approach provides the ability to systematically study the effect of material,formulation and processing factors on deagglomeration behaviour.

关键词： Ternary agents Deagglomeration Cohesive powders Non-linear regression modelling

TWAS facilitates gene-scale trait genetic dissection through gene expression,structural variations,and alternative splicing in soybean

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Plant Communications 2024年第10期5卷 16-32页

作者： Delin li Qi Wang Yu Tian Xiangguang lyv Hao Zhang Huilong Hong Huawei Gao Yan-Fei li Chaosen Zhao Jiajun Wang Ruizhen Wang Jinliang Yang Bin liu Patrick S.Schnable james C.Schnable Ying-Hui li li-Juan Qiu The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFCRI)/Key laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement(MOA)/State Key laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang 330200China Soybean Research Institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150086China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

A genome-wide association study(GWAS)identifies trait-associated loci,but identifying the causal genes can be a bottleneck,due in part to slow decay of linkage disequilibrium(lD).A transcriptome-wide association study(TWAS)addresses this issue by identifying gene expression-phenotype associations or integrating gene expression quantitative trait loci with GWAS ***,we used self-pollinated soybean(Glycine max[l.]Merr.)as a model to evaluate the application of TWAS to the genetic dissection of traits in plant species with slow lD *** generated RNA sequencing data for a soybean diversity panel and identified the genetic expression regulation of 29286 soybean *** TWAS solutions were less affected by lD and were robust to the source of expression,identifing known genes related to traits from different tissues and developmental *** novel pod-color gene l2 was identified via TWAS and functionally validated by genome *** introducing a new exon proportion feature,we significantly improved the detection of expression variations that resulted from structural variations and alternative *** a result,the genes identified through our TWAS approach exhibited a diverse range of causal variations,including SNPs,insertions or deletions,gene fusion,copy number variations,and alternative *** this approach,we identified genes associated with flowering time,including both previously known genes and novel genes that had not previously been linked to this trait,providing insights complementary to those from *** summary,this study supports the application of TWAS for candidate gene identification in species with low rates of lD decay.

关键词： eQTls TWAS structural variation alternative splicing soybean

Determination of the cellulase activity distribution in Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis cultures using a fluorescent substrate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 212-218页

作者： Jennifer l.Morrell-Falvey james G.Elkins Zhi-Wu Wang Bio Energy Science Center Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory The Ohio State University ATI

This study took advantage of resorufin cellobioside as a fluorescent substrate to determine the distribution of cellulase activity in cellulosic biomass fermentation systems. Cellulolytic biofilms were found to express nearly four orders greater cellulase activity compared to planktonic cultures of Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, which can be primarily attributed to the high cell concentration and surface attachment. The formation of biofilms results in cellulases being secreted close to their substrates, which appears to be an energetically favorable stategy for insoluble substrate utilization. For the same reason,cellulases should be closely associated with the surfaces of suspended cell in soluble substrate-fed culture, which has been verified with cellobiose-fed cultures of C. thermocellum and C. obsidiansis. This study addressed the importance of cellulase activity distribution in cellulosic biomass fermentation, and provided theoretical foundation for the leading role of biofilm in cellulose degradation. System optimization and reactor designs that promote biofilm formation in cellulosic biomass hydrolysis may promise an improved cellulosic biofuel process.

关键词： Thermophilic Biofilm Cellulose Cellulase Biofuel

Harnessing the potential of additive manufacturing technologies:Challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurial strategies

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2018年第4期2卷 123-136页

作者： Marie lavoie james l.Addis York University/Glendon College-Economics Department and Glendon School of Public and International Affairs 2275 Bayview AvenueTorontoOntarioM4N3M6Canada York University/Glendon College-Economics Department 2275 Bayview AvenueTorontoOntarioM4N3M6Canada

Additive manufacturing(AM),a revolutionary production technique that will make many previously inconceivable innovations a reality,is transforming the manufacturing *** technologies behind AM have a generic character and possess immense and transformative potential that will be felt across different sectors of the *** paper studies how entrepreneurs can access,exploit,and diffuse this new disruptive knowledge,as well as the potential challenges that lie ***,we examine the magnitude of the knowledge pool created by the Top 10 countries in AM research from 2011 to 2016;specifically,we determine the leading countries,the pattern of organizational and international collaborations,leading disciplines contributing to AM,and the pattern in authors'*** find that the US is clearly the dominant country,while China witnessed a notable acceleration in AM research between 2014 and 2016;we also show that universities are the predominant actor in codified AM knowledge *** this information,we paint a vivid picture of the technological and market opportunities for entrepreneurs and identify the gaps in the current knowledge production environment;we find that the challenges currently faced by entrepreneurs could be overcome through academic entrepreneurship,collective entrepreneurship,and the actions of an entrepreneurial state.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Knowledge pool Entrepreneurship Innovation systems Innovation policy Evolutionary economics