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Hammer-Impact SH-Wave Seismic Reflection Methods in Neotectonic Investigations: general Observations and Case Histories from the Mississippi Embayment, U.S.A.

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Journal of China University of geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 513-525页

作者： james B Harris Millsaps College Jackson MississippiUSA

Shallow shear-wave seismic reflection imaging, using a sledgehammer and mass energy source and standard processing, has become increasingly common in mapping near-surface geologic features, especially in water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments. Tests of the method in the Mississippi Embayment region of the central United States show interpretable reflection arrivals in the depth range of 〈10 m to 〉100 m with the potential for increased resolution when compared with compressional-wave data. Shear-wave reflection prof＇des were used to help interpret the significance of neotectonic surface deformation at five sites in the Mississippi Embayment. The interpreted profiles show a range of shallow structural styles that include reverse faulting, fault propagation folding, and reactivated normal faulting, and provide crucial subsurface evidence in support of paleoseismologic trenching and shallow drilling.

关键词： shear wave seismic reflection neotectonics.

A CALCULUS FOR SERVICES INNOVATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 129-165页

作者： james M. TIEN Daniel BERg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a gDP metric that can adequately measure the gro

关键词： Services innovation decision informatics software algorithms automation globalization collaboration customization integration adaptation standardization telecommunication organization business principles

Promises and paradoxes of regulatory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11236-11245页

作者： james D LordJ Translational Program Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason Mailstop

Since their discovery two decades ago,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells(Tregs) have become the subject of intense investigation by immunologists. Unlike other T cells,which promote an immune response,Tregs actively inhibit inflammation when activated by their cognate antigen,thus raising hope that these cells could be engineered into a highly targeted,antigenspecific,immunosuppressant therapy. Although Tregs represent less than 10% of circulating CD4+T cells,they have been shown to play an essential role in preventing or limiting inflammation in a variety of animal models and human diseases. In particular,spontaneous intestinal inflammation has been shown to occur in the absence of Tregs,suggesting that there may be a Treg defect central to the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). However,over the past decade,multiple groups have reported no qualitative or quantitative deficits in Tregs from the intestines and blood of IBD patients to explain why these cells fail to regulate inflammation in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this review,we will discuss the history of Tregs,what is known about them in IBD,and what progress and obstacles have been seen with efforts to employ them for therapeutic benefit.

关键词： Foxp3 Regulatory T cells Crohn’s disease Th17 Ulce

Natural history and long-term clinical course of Crohn's disease

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第1期20卷 31-36页

作者： Hugh james Freeman Department of Medicine (gastroenterology) University of British Columbia HospitalVancouverBC V6T 1W5Canada

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease process involving different sites in the gastrointestinal tract. Occasionally, so-called metastatic disease occurs in extra-intestinal sites. granulomatous inflammation may be detected in endoscopic biopsies or resected tissues. genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors appear to play a role. Multiple susceptibility genes have been described in both familial and non-familial forms while the disease is phenotypically heterogeneous with a female predominance. The disorder occurs over a broad age spectrum, from early childhood to late adulthood. More than 80% are diagnosed before age 40 years usually with terminal ileal and colonic involvement. Pediatric-onset disease is more severe and more extensive, usually with a higher chance of upper gastrointestinal tract disease, compared to adult-onset disease. Long-term studies have shown that the disorder may evolve with time into more complex disease with stricture formation and penetrating disease complications (i.e., fistula, abscess). Although prolonged remission may occur, discrete periods of symptomatic disease may re-appear over many decades suggesting recurrence or re-activation of this inflammatory process. Eventual development of a cure will likely depend on identification of an etiologic cause and a fundamental understanding of its pathogenesis. Until now, treatment has focused on removing risk factors, particularly cigarette smoking, and improving symptoms. In clinical trials, clinical remission is largely defined as improved numerical and endoscopic indices for “mucosal healing”. “Deep remission” is a conceptual, more “extended” goal that may or may not alter the long-term natural history of the disease in selected patients, albeit at a significant risk for treatment complications, including serious and unusual opportunistic infections.

关键词： Natural history, Crohn’ s disease, Age-dependent phenotypes

Learning physically based material and lighting decompositions for face editing

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 295-308页

作者： Qian Zhang Vikas Thamizharasan james Tompkin Brown University ProvidenceRhode Island 02906USA

Lighting is crucial for portrait photography,yet the complex interactions between the skin and incident light are expensive to model computationally in graphics and difficult to reconstruct analytically via computer ***,to allow fast and controllable reflectance and lighting editing,we developed a physically based decomposition through deep learned priors from path-traced portrait *** approaches that used simplified material models or low-frequency or low-dynamic-range lighting struggled to model specular reflections or relight directly without intermediate ***,we estimate the surface normal,skin albedo and roughness,and high-frequency HDRI maps,and propose an architecture to estimate both diffuse and specular reflectance *** our experiments,we show that this approach can represent the true appearance function more effectively than simpler baseline methods,leading to better generalization and higher-quality editing.

关键词： intrinsic decomposition portrait relighting inverse rendering deep learning

Early stage colon cancer

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8468-8473页

作者： Hugh james Freeman Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

Evidence has now accumulated that colonoscopy and removal of polyps,especially during screening and surveillance programs,is effective in overall risk reduction for colon *** resection of malignant pedunculated colon polyps or early stage colon cancers,long-term repeated surveillance programs can also lead to detection and removal of asymptomatic high risk advanced adenomas and new early stage metachronous *** stage colon cancer can be defined as disease that appears to have been completely resected with no subsequent evidence of involvement of adjacent organs,lymph nodes or distant *** differs from the clinical setting of an apparent"curative"resection later pathologically upstaged following detection of malignant cells extending into adjacent organs,peritoneum,lymph nodes or other distant sites,including *** highly selected early stage colon cancer group remains at high risk for subsequent colon polyps and metachronous colon *** staging is important,not only for assessing the need for adjuvant chemotherapy,but also for patient selection for continued *** advanced stages of colon cancer and a more guarded outlook,repeated surveillance should be *** future,novel imaging technologies(e.g.,confocal endomicroscopy),coupled with increased pathological recognition of high risk markers for lymph node involvement(e.g.,"tumor budding")should lead to improved staging and clinical care.

关键词： Colon cancer Node-negative colon cancer Staging of colon cancer Nodal micrometastases Follow-up and surveillance of early colon cancer

A Cascade Analysis of Community Transmission Risks for HIV among People Who Inject Drugs Living with HIV in Iran

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第12期36卷 1171-1176页

作者： Monireh Faghir-ganji Mostafa Shokoohi Saharnaz Nedjat Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar Kamran Yazdani james g.Khan Ali Mirzazadeh Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV SurveillanceInstitute for Futures Studies in HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies(INCAS) Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute for Global Health SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA

There are 22 times as many people living with HIV in the population of drug users as in the general *** is because the injection and sexually risky behaviors prevalent in this *** multiple sexual partners and maintaining sexual networks with people who inject drugs (PWIDs),can increase the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection^([1]).More than 65%of all HIVrelated cases in Iran can be traced back to people who inject drugs (PWID),and the number is estimated to be between 200,000 and 230,000 in Iran *** prevention,resources allocation and monitoring require an accurate estimate of the population of people who use illicit drugs^([2]).

关键词： drugs prevention injection

An analytical model to estimate the time delay to reach spontaneous ignition considering heat loss in oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2469-2474页

作者： james J.Sheng Er-Long Yang College of Petroleum Engineering Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina

During air injection into an oil reservoir,an oxidation reaction generates some heat to raise the reservoir *** the reservoir temperature reaches an ignition temperature,spontaneous ignition *** is a time delay from the injection to *** are mixed results regarding the feasibility of spontaneous ignition in real-field projects and in laboratory *** analytical model is available in the literature to estimate the oxidation time required to reach spontaneous ignition with heat *** paper discusses the feasibility of spontaneous ignition from theoretical points and experimental and field project *** analytical model considering heat loss is *** models with and without heat loss investigate the factors that affect spontaneous *** on the discussion and investigations,we find that it is more difficult for spontaneous ignition to occur in laboratory experiments than in oil reservoirs;spontaneous ignition is strongly affected by the initial reservoir temperature,oil activity,and heat loss;spontaneous ignition is only possible when the initial reservoir temperature is high,the oil oxidation rate is high,and the heat loss is low.

关键词： Spontaneous ignition Time delay Air injection Heat loss Low temperature oxidation Combustion

structures:new solutions and uncommon characteristics james Kirby,Shiwei Zhou,

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2022年第6期38卷 128-140,I0003页

作者： james Kirby Shiwei Zhou Yi Min Xie Centre for Innovative Structures and Materials School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001Australia

To investigate the characteristics of optimal fail-safe structures subjected to single and multi-member damage scenarios,we con-sider a pin-jointed cantilever truss with all members directly connected from the load point to the *** problem formu-lations are considered—minimizing the compliance with a volume constraint and minimizing the volume with stress *** these formulations produce equivalent structures for traditional truss design problems,we find that this is not always the case in the fail-safe *** solutions are developed for a three-bar truss under both problem *** is modelled as the complete removal of any one member,and a minmax problem is constructed to minimize the compliance or volume of the structure for the worst-case damage *** new analytical solutions provide much needed benchmarks for numerical fail-safe *** problems are extended to n-bar systems with damage to multiple *** show that as the structural complexity(the number of members in a system)increases,the optimum fail-safe structure tends towards a variation of the nominal two-bar design with overlapping *** these observations,we then approach the idea of full redundancy through the introduction of parallel substructures into a more complex truss *** compare our fully redundant truss design with a benchmark fail-safe solution and show that the fully redundant design has significantly better performance and with fewer ***,this suggests that fully redundant structural designs are highly efficient and have the additional benefit of only requiring the computation of the nominal solution.

关键词： Fail-safe optimization Minimum compliance Minimum volume,